WW2 Polish bunker near former German border part 2
Bunkers from the Battle of Mława. I am told that these bunkers are Polish.
At noon on September 1, 1939 the Polish line of defence manned by the 20th Infantry Division was attacked by the 1st Army Corps under General Walter Petzel. The initial assault was repelled. Georg von Küchler, the commander of German Third Army, ordered his units to attack the Polish forces several times, but all attacks were broken and in the late evening the Germans were forced to withdraw to their initial positions.
The following afternoon the German units started heavy artillery bombardment of the Rzegnów position on the right flank of the Polish forces. After two hours of fire, the assault was started and the Polish defenders started to waver. The counterattack of the Polish 79th Infantry Regiment was unsuccessful and the commander of the Polish Modlin Army ordered the 20th Division to extend further eastwards and prepare the defence of its right flank between the villages of Dębsk and Nosarzewo. At the same time the 8th Infantry Division, until then held in reserve near Ciechanów, was ordered to prepare a counterattack.
The 8th Division arrived in the area in the early hours of 3 September. As the Mazovian Cavalry Brigade operating further eastwards was also endangered by German armoured troops, the army commander ordered the division to split its forces and attack in two directions: towards Grudusk east of Mława and towards Przasnysz. Both attacks failed. In the evening the division was mostly destroyed and only the 21st Infantry Regiment of Colonel Stanisław Sosabowski managed to withdraw towards the Modlin Fortress. Despite this, the German attacks towards both flanks of the 20th Infantry Division were unsuccessful.
On 3 September German engineers finally managed to cut through Polish antitank barriers. The Germans used the local civilians as human shields, which allowed them to finally capture several bunkers on the left flank of the Polish forces, but were unable to push forwards. On the right flank, in the Rzegnów section of the front to the east of the swamps, the attacks were more successful and in the late evening elements of German Wodrig Corps finally broke through the lines of the 79th Infantry Regiment to the rear of the Poles. This widened the front gap in the area of Grudusk.
General Emil Krukowicz-Przedrzymirski, facing the risk of his forces being outflanked and surrounded, ordered the 20th division and the remnants of the 8th to withdraw towards Warsaw and Modlin, finally abandoning the fortified positions.
PO POLSKU
Rano 1 września główne siły 3 Armii niemieckiej gen. Küchlera rozpoczęły natarcie na Mławę. Tędy wiodła najkrótsza droga z Prus Wschodnich na Warszawę. Broniąca tego kierunku Armia Modlin gen. Przedrzymirskiego dysponowała 8 i 20 Dywizją Piechoty, Nowogródzką i Mazowiecką Dywizją Kawalerii oraz oddziałami Obrony Narodowej. Na umocnienia polskie bronione przez 20 Dywizję Piechoty płk. Wilhelma Liszki-Lawicza, uderzyły jednostki I Korpusu i Korpusu Wodrig - łącznie 4 dywizje piechoty, Dywizja Pancerna Kempf i brygada Kawalerii. Nieprzyjaciel, zaskoczony silnym i celnym ogniem broni maszynowej oraz ostrzałem artyleryjskim 20 DP, poniósł ciężkie straty. Po niepowodzeniu kolejnego natarcia piechoty, Niemcy wprowadzili do akcji czołgi. Po utracie 6 maszyn (z 50) pozostałe zawróciły. 2 września niemiecki 1 Korpus ponawiał bezskuteczne ataki. Korpus Wodrig opanował dwa kluczowe punkty polskiej obrony: Żaboklik i Górę Kamieńską. Gen. Küchler przegrupował 3 Armię. Dywizja Pancerna Kempf została przesunięta nocnym marszem pozafrontowym na wschodnie skrzydło polskiej obrony, by zaatakować całą kolumną. Niemcy osiągnęli wielką przewagę.
3 września obrońcy Mławy dalej stawiali zaciekły opór i zatrzymali w ciężkich bojach oddziały Korpusu Wodrig, zbliżające się od wschodu. Na południu oddziały płk. Furgalskiego ruszyły do natarcia w 2 rozbieżnych kierunkach: 21 pp na Przasnysz, by odciążyć Mazowiecką BK, a 13 i 32 pp na skrzydło oddziałów niemieckich, atakujących 79 pp pod Mławą. 21 pp płk. Sosabowskiego trafił na niemiecką 2 DP i wśród zaciętych walk postępował naprzód, ale pozbawione wsparcia artylerii, uderzenie załamało się. Gdy w nocy od strony Gruduska nadjechały niemieckie wozy pancerne oba pułki, 13 i 32 ogarnęła panika i porzucając sprzęt, rozpoczęły bezładny odwrót. Jedynie 21 pp płk.
Sosabowskiego wycofał się w zwartym szyku zbierając po drodze pododdziały rozbitych pułków w kierunku Modlina. Jednostki niemieckie wciąż parły na przód.
Kołobrzeg Lighthouse, Kołobrzeg, West Pomeranian, Poland, Europe
Kołobrzeg Lighthouse is a lighthouse in Kołobrzeg on the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea. The lighthouse in located in Kołobrzeg, West Pomeranian Voivodeship; in Poland. The lighthouse is located in between the lighthouse in Niechorze (about 34 km to the west) and the lighthouse in Gąski (22 km to the east). The lighthouse is located at the entrance to the port of Kołobrzeg, it stands on the right bank of the river Parsęta. The history of the Kołobrzeg Lighthouse dates back to 1666. In World War II the lighthouse was blown up by German engineers as it was a good look-out point for the Polish artillery in March 1945. After the Second World War the lighthouse was built at a slightly different location from the original, using the foundations of the fort buildings complex; located close by to the town. The lighthouse is 26 metres tall, with a range of its light glare of 29.6 kilometres. In 1981 the lighthouse was renovated and the 50 cm diameter lens was replaced by a rotating set of halogen bulbs. The wooden staircase was also replaced by a metal one. The base of the lighthouse houses a mineral rock museum.
Sweden | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:55 1 Etymology
00:05:20 2 History
00:05:29 2.1 Prehistory
00:07:36 2.2 The Vikings
00:09:27 2.3 The Kingdom of Sweden
00:16:42 2.4 Swedish Empire
00:22:13 2.5 Modern history
00:25:12 2.6 World War I and World War II
00:27:14 2.7 Post-war era
00:29:03 2.8 Recent history
00:32:36 3 Geography
00:35:46 3.1 Climate
00:41:56 3.2 Vegetation
00:45:39 4 Politics
00:45:48 4.1 Constitutional framework
00:50:10 4.2 Political parties and elections
00:53:21 4.3 Administrative divisions
00:55:45 4.4 Political history
01:00:27 4.5 Judicial system
01:02:35 4.6 Foreign relations
01:05:48 4.7 Military
01:08:43 5 Economy
01:16:30 5.1 Energy
01:18:34 5.2 Transport
01:23:18 5.3 Public policy
01:29:49 5.4 Science and technology
01:32:46 5.5 Taxes
01:33:52 5.6 Pensions
01:34:25 6 Demographics
01:37:18 6.1 Language
01:40:06 6.2 Religion
01:44:22 6.3 Health
01:45:04 6.4 Education
01:46:55 6.5 Immigration
01:50:31 6.6 Crime
01:52:00 7 Culture
01:54:16 7.1 Music
01:58:06 7.2 Architecture
02:00:05 7.3 Media
02:02:23 7.4 Literature
02:04:31 7.5 Holidays
02:05:49 7.6 Cuisine
02:07:05 7.7 Cinema
02:07:34 7.8 Fashion
02:08:06 7.9 Sports
02:10:57 8 International rankings
02:11:18 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Sweden (Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige ), is a Scandinavian Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund, a strait at the Swedish-Danish border. At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe, the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area. Sweden has a total population of 10.2 million of which 2.4 million has a foreign background. It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre (57/sq mi). The highest concentration is in the southern half of the country.
Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times, emerging into history as the Geats (Swedish Götar) and Swedes (Svear) and constituting the sea peoples known as the Norsemen. Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural, while the north is heavily forested. Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia. The climate is in general very mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence, that in spite of this still retains warm continental summers. Today, the sovereign state of Sweden is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, with a monarch as head of state, like its neighbour Norway. The capital city is Stockholm, which is also the most populous city in the country. Legislative power is vested in the 349-member unicameral Riksdag. Executive power is exercised by the government chaired by the prime minister. Sweden is a unitary state, currently divided into 21 counties and 290 municipalities.
An independent Swedish state emerged during the early 12th century. After the Black Death in the middle of the 14th century killed about a third of the Scandinavian population, the Hanseatic League threatened Scandinavia's culture, finances and languages. This led to the forming of the Scandinavian Kalmar Union in 1397, which Sweden left in 1523. When Sweden became involved in the Thirty Years War on the Reformist side, an expansion of its territories began and eventually the Swedish Empire was formed. This became one of the great powers of Europe until the early 18th century. Swedish territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were gradually lost during the 18th and 19th centuries, ending with the annexation of present-day Finland by Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Norway was militarily forced into pe ...