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Persecution of Christians in the Muslim world | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:18 1 Antiquity
00:01:27 1.1 In the New Testament
00:05:36 1.2 In the Roman Empire
00:05:46 1.2.1 Under Nero, 64–68 AD
00:08:01 1.2.2 From the 2nd century to Constantine
00:13:23 1.2.3 The Great Persecution
00:16:21 1.3 In the Sassanian Empire
00:23:09 1.4 By Jewish tribes in Yemen
00:24:53 1.5 Others
00:25:12 2 During the Middle Ages and Early Modern period
00:25:24 2.1 By Persians and Jews during the Roman-Persian Wars
00:28:54 2.2 Under Islamic rule
00:32:06 2.2.1 Tamerlane
00:32:54 2.2.2 Ottoman Albania and Kosovo
00:35:42 2.3 French Revolution
00:39:24 2.4 China
00:40:53 2.5 India
00:48:24 2.6 Japan
00:50:01 3 Modern era (1815 to 1989)
00:50:13 3.1 In the Ottoman Empire
00:57:53 3.2 Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact Countries
01:07:31 3.3 19th- and 20th-century Mexico
01:10:14 3.4 Anti-Mormonism
01:12:23 3.5 Madagascar
01:14:20 3.6 Spain
01:18:37 3.7 Nazi Germany
01:21:46 3.8 Jehovah's Witnesses
01:22:24 3.9 Communist Albania
01:24:32 4 Current situation (1989 to present)
01:26:10 4.1 In the Muslim world
01:28:46 4.1.1 Afghanistan
01:29:33 4.1.2 Algeria
01:30:53 4.1.3 Egypt
01:32:07 4.1.4 Indonesia
01:35:56 4.1.5 Iran
01:37:07 4.1.6 Iraq
01:43:23 4.1.7 Malaysia
01:45:36 4.1.8 Nigeria
01:46:38 4.1.9 Pakistan
01:52:29 4.1.10 Saudi Arabia
01:53:07 4.1.11 Somalia
01:53:37 4.1.12 Sudan
01:54:02 4.1.13 Syria
01:55:45 4.1.14 Turkey
01:58:00 4.1.15 Yemen
02:01:36 4.2 Bhutan
02:03:55 4.3 China
02:06:16 4.4 India
02:09:36 4.5 North Korea
02:10:59 4.6 Indochina region
02:11:41 5 See also
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Speaking Rate: 0.8936599164831642
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The persecution of Christians can be historically traced from the first century of the Christian era to the present day. Early Christians were persecuted for their faith at the hands of both the Jews from whose religion Christianity arose and the Romans who controlled many of the lands across which early Christianity was spread. Early in the fourth century, a form of the religion was legalized by the Edict of Milan, and it eventually became the State church of the Roman Empire.
Christian missionaries as well as converts to Christianity have been the target of persecution ever since the emergence of Christianity, sometimes to the point of being martyred for their faith.
The schisms of the Middle Ages and especially the Protestant Reformation, sometimes provoked severe conflicts between Christian denominations to the point of persecuting each other.
In the 20th century, Christians were persecuted by various governments including the Islamic Ottoman Empire in the form of the Armenian Genocide, the Assyrian Genocide and the Greek Genocide, as well as by atheistic states such as the Soviet Union, Communist Albania and North Korea.
Persecution of Christians | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Persecution of Christians
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The persecution of Christians can be historically traced from the first century of the Christian era to the present day. Early Christians were persecuted for their faith at the hands of both a small number of Jews from whose religion Christianity arose and the Romans who controlled many of the lands across which early Christianity was spread. Early in the fourth century, a form of the religion was legalized by the Edict of Milan, and it eventually became the State church of the Roman Empire.
Christian missionaries as well as converts to Christianity have been the target of persecution ever since the emergence of Christianity, sometimes to the point of being martyred for their faith.
The schisms of the Middle Ages and especially the Protestant Reformation, sometimes provoked severe conflicts between Christian denominations to the point of persecuting each other.
In the 20th century, Christians have been persecuted by various governments including the Islamic Ottoman Empire in the form of the Armenian Genocide, the Assyrian Genocide and the Greek Genocide, as well as atheistic states such as the Soviet Union and North Korea. During World War II members of some Christian churches were persecuted in Nazi Germany for resisting Nazi ideology.
In more recent times, the Christian missionary organization Open Doors (UK) estimates that over 200 million Christians face persecution, particularly in Middle Eastern countries such as Pakistan and Saudi Arabia.
Diplomatic history of World War I | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:38 1 War aims
00:02:27 1.1 Allied war goals
00:05:18 1.2 German war goals
00:07:33 1.3 Approaches to diplomacy
00:14:27 1.4 Toward a League of Nations
00:15:33 2 Financing the war
00:19:44 3 Allies
00:19:52 3.1 Great Britain
00:20:30 3.1.1 Entry
00:22:02 3.1.2 Balfour Declaration: Palestine and Jewish home land
00:25:39 3.1.3 Blockade of Germany
00:26:32 3.2 France
00:28:05 3.3 Russia
00:28:13 3.3.1 Leadership
00:31:05 3.3.2 Propaganda
00:32:51 3.3.3 February Revolution
00:34:20 3.3.4 Bolshevik versus White
00:36:08 3.4 Belgium
00:38:42 3.5 Japan
00:40:21 3.6 China
00:42:01 3.7 Romania
00:45:48 3.8 Greece
00:48:24 4 American entry in 1917
00:48:44 4.1 American neutrality
00:51:50 4.2 Submarine issue
00:54:32 4.3 Ethnic groups
00:55:57 4.4 National security
00:58:43 4.5 Decision for war
01:01:47 4.6 Wartime diplomacy
01:03:52 5 Central Powers
01:04:01 5.1 Germany
01:04:09 5.1.1 Eastern Front
01:05:03 5.1.2 Russia surrenders: the Treaty of Brest Litovsk
01:06:59 5.1.3 Subversion of enemy states
01:09:23 5.2 Austro-Hungarian Empire
01:14:10 5.3 Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
01:17:30 5.3.1 Armenian Genocide
01:19:29 5.4 Bulgaria
01:22:08 6 New nations
01:22:17 6.1 Poland
01:24:54 6.2 Ukraine
01:27:06 6.3 Three Baltic states
01:28:57 6.4 Czechoslovakia
01:30:23 7 See also
01:30:31 8 Notes
01:30:40 9 Further reading
01:30:48 9.1 Surveys
01:37:24 9.2 Great Britain
01:40:25 9.3 France and other Allies
01:42:57 9.4 Russia
01:45:58 9.5 United States
01:49:42 9.6 Central Powers
01:52:01 9.7 Historiography
01:53:28 9.8 Primary sources and year books
01:56:55 10 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.9868584612570008
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Diplomatic history of World War I covers the non-military interactions among the major players during World War I. For the domestic histories see Home front during World War I. For a longer-term perspective see International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) and Causes of World War I. For the following era see International relations (1919–1939). The major allied players included Great Britain, France, Russia, and Italy (starting in 1915) and the United States (from 1917). The major Central Powers included Germany and the Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). Other countries—and their colonies—were also involved. For a detailed chronology see Timeline of World War I.
The non-military diplomatic and propaganda interactions among the nations were designed to build support for the cause, or to undermine support for the enemy. Wartime diplomacy focused on five issues: subversion and propaganda campaigns to weaken the morale of the enemy; defining and redefining the war goals, which became harsher as the war went on; luring neutral nations (Italy, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria, Romania) into the coalition by offering slices of enemy territory; and encouragement by the Allies of nationalistic minority movements inside the Central Powers, especially among Czechs, Poles, and Arabs. In addition, there were multiple peace proposals coming from neutrals, or one side or the other; none of them progressed very far. Some were neutral efforts to end the horrors. Others were propaganda ploys to show one side was being reasonable and the other was obstinate.