Tula - the homeland of Russian arms, a samovar and gingerbread. / Тула, тульские бренды.
Tula — a city in Russia, administrative center of Tula region and the city district the city of Tula. Tula - Hero city (c 1976).Tula is located North of the Central Russian upland on the Bank of the Upa river 180 km South of Moscow. The city stretches from North to South — 30 km, from West to East and 25 km from
According to the results held in 2014 the all-Russian competition on a rank the Most comfortable urban (rural) settlement of Russia Tula took third place in the category Urban settlements (urban districts), are the administrative centers (capitals) of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The first mention of Tula in the Nikon chronicle dates to 1146 year, but even earlier mentions of the settlement old town at the confluence of the Tulitsa river in Upa river, whose name became the name of the city.
Located on the territory of the city cultural heritage represent a great value and are an integral part of world cultural heritage. On the territory of Tula there are more than 300 objects of cultural heritage: monuments of architecture and urban planning, history, monumental art works, archaeological. Tula is a large industrial, scientific and cultural center, an important railway junction, with the number of living 485 930. (2016), within the boundaries of the urban district 551 642 people (2016). Population density — 3432 persons per 1 km2. Polycentric Tula-Novomoskovsk agglomeration has a population of about 1 million people. The territory of the city intersect, or run adjacent to important strategic roads of Federal significance: Moscow — Crimea, Kaluga — Tula — Mikhailov — Ryazan, and a major railway line Moscow — Donbass, Tula — Kozelsk, connecting Tula with other Russian regions and countries near and far abroad. From city there are railway to Moscow, Orel, Kaluga, Uzlovaya, Kozelsk.
Russia, the Kievan Rus, and the Mongols: Crash Course World History #20
In which John Green teaches you how Russia evolved from a loose amalgamation of medieval principalities known as the Kievan Rus into the thriving democracy we know today. As you can imagine, there were a few bumps along the road. It turns out, our old friends the Mongols had quite a lot to do with unifying Russia. In yet another example of how surprisingly organized nomadic raiders can be, the Mongols brought the Kievan Rus together under a single leadership, and concentrated power in Moscow. This set the stage for the various Ivans (the Great and the Terrible) to throw off the yoke and form a pan-Russian nation ruled by an autocratic leader. More than 500 years later, we still have autocratic leadership in Russia. All this, plus a rundown of some of our favorite atrocities of Ivan the Terrible, and a visit from Putin!
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Katyń [1080p] [pl, ru, en, fr, bg, vi, el, es, nl, pt, ro, sr, sl, tr, fi, hr, cs subtitles]
When the Soviet Union on 17 September 1939 invades Poland, Anna Aleksandrowna leaves her home in Krakow to search for her husband, the Polish captain Andrzej. She finds him together with other officers captured by the Red Army, but some minutes later he is pushed into a train, which will take all the Polish officers to a prison camp in Kozelsk in Russia. Anna and her daughter Nika is now stuck in the Soviet occupied zone, unable to go back to Krakow in the German zone, not until a brave Russian captain helps them to flee. 3 April 1940 Andrzej is transported from the prison camp in Kozelsk to the Katyn Forest, where thousands of Polish officers are killed. In 1943 the Germans capture this area and find the mass graves. 13 April 1943 they start announcing the names of the identified corpses through loudspeakers in Krakow. Anna is happy that Andrzej is not in any of the Katyn lists, which gives her some hope. 18 January 1945 the Red Army liberates Krakow from the Nazis. The Russians start blaming the Katyn Massacre on the Germans, proclaiming that it happened in 1941 instead of 1940. Everybody knows that this isn't true, but those who refuse to accept the Soviet version are imprisoned or killed by the Red Army.
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В маленьком южном городке, где жила Вика, все девушки мечтали об одном - встретить успешного, красивого и любящего мужа… И Вика его встретила. Кирилл был из Москвы, владел собственным бизнесом, и готов был сделать всё ради любимой. Красивый роман, свадьба, переезд в большой дом в столице, рождение двух детей – жизнь Вики была похожа на сказку… которой было суждено однажды закончиться.
Кирилл оказался совсем не тем человеком, о котором мечтала Вика. Для него жена была лишь красивой вещью, которую он держал при себе, пока это ему было нужно. И когда Вика стала обузой в его движении к успеху, он от неё без сожаления избавился…
Вика осталась на улице - без детей, без средств к существованию, без будущего… Впереди её ждут проигранные суды, преследование со стороны бывшего мужа, обвинение в убийстве…
И только одно каждый день заставляет её жить дальше - мечта снова быть рядом со своими детьми…
В ролях: Елена Кутырева, Кирилл Сафонов, Андрей Фролов, Анна Казючиц
Автор сценария – Наталия Чепик
Режиссер-постановщик – Алексей Рудаков
Продюсер - Ольга Манеева
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The Katyn Massacre
During World War II, 15,000 Polish soldiers died mysteriously in Russia. Some were found buried in a forest called Katyn, while the rest were never found. According to the film, Echo looks into one of the last unresolved crimes of the last war: The Katyn Massacre.
For more information, visit
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IPNtv: Katyń. Historia wciąż żywa
„Katyń - historia wciąż żywa”, real. „Autostopem na koniec świata”, Polska 2017 r.
„Katyń - historia wciąż żywa” to film, który na zlecenie Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej zrealizował popularny vloger-podróżnik Michał Pater wraz z ekipą „Autostopem na koniec świata”.
Film przedstawia procesy prowadzące do zbrodni katyńskiej oraz całą jej złożoność. Na potrzeby realizacji filmu autorzy udali się do Rosji, w miejsca związane z mordem katyńskim oraz II wojną światową.
Film powstał na potrzeby 8. ogólnopolskiego przeglądu filmowego Echa Katynia organizowanego przez Instytut Pamięci Narodowej.
(WARNING-GRAPHIC) Katyn Forest Massacre - Soviet Union - NKVD (SECRET POLICE) Joseph Stalin.
-Picstory (History)
-For Educational Purposes Only ( I Own No Rights To These Photos/Music)
-Collection Of Photos Taken Prior/Therefore After Events Have Taken Place
The Katyn massacre, also known as the Katyn Forest massacre (Polish: zbrodnia katyńska, mord katyński, 'Katyń crime'; Russian: Катынский расстрел Katynskij ra'sstrel 'Katyn shooting'), was a mass execution of Polish nationals carried out by the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD), the Soviet secret police, in April and May 1940. The massacre was prompted by NKVD chief Lavrentiy Beria's proposal to execute all captive members of the Polish Officer Corps, dated 5 March 1940. This official document was approved and signed by the Soviet Politburo, including its leader, Joseph Stalin. The number of victims is estimated at about 22,000, with 21,768 being a lower limit.[1] The victims were murdered in the Katyn Forest in Russia, the Kalinin and Kharkiv prisons and elsewhere. Of the total killed, about 8,000 were officers taken prisoner during the 1939 Soviet invasion of Poland, another 6,000 were police officers, with the rest being Polish intelligentsia arrested for allegedly being intelligence agents, gendarmes, landowners, saboteurs, factory owners, lawyers, officials and priests.[1]
The term Katyn massacre originally referred specifically to the massacre at Katyn Forest, near the villages of Katyn and Gnezdovo (approximately 19 kilometers [12 miles] west of Smolensk, Russia), of Polish military officers in the Kozelsk prisoner-of-war camp. This was the largest of several simultaneous executions of prisoners of war. Other executions occurred at the geographically distant Starobelsk and Ostashkov camps, at the NKVD headquarters in Smolensk, and at prisons in Kalinin (Tver), Kharkiv, Moscow, and other Soviet cities. Still more executions took place at various locations in Belarus and Western Ukraine, based on special lists of Polish prisoners, prepared by the NKVD specifically for those regions. The modern investigations of the killings covered not only the massacre at Katyn forest, but also the other mass murders mentioned above. Polish organisations, such as the Katyn Committee and the Federation of Katyn Families, consider the victims murdered at the locations other than Katyn as part of the overall massacre.[1]
The government of Nazi Germany announced the discovery of mass graves in the Katyn Forest in 1943. When the London-based Polish government-in-exile asked for an investigation by the International Red Cross, Stalin immediately severed diplomatic relations with it. The Soviet Union claimed the victims had been murdered by the Nazis, and continued to deny responsibility for the massacres until 1990, when it officially acknowledged and condemned the perpetration of the killings by the NKVD, as well as the subsequent cover-up by the Soviet government.[1][2][3][a]
An investigation conducted by the Prosecutor General's Office of the Soviet Union (1990--1991) and the Russian Federation (1991--2004), confirmed Soviet responsibility for the massacres. It was able to confirm the deaths of 1,803 Polish citizens but refused to classify this action as a war crime or an act of genocide. The investigation was closed on grounds that the perpetrators of the massacre were already dead, and since the Russian government would not classify the dead as victims of Stalinist repression, formal posthumous rehabilitation was ruled out.[4] The human rights society Memorial issued a statement which declared this termination of investigation is inadmissible and that their confirmation of only 1,803 people killed requires explanation because it is common knowledge that more than 14,500 prisoners were killed.[5] In November 2010, the Russian State Duma approved a declaration blaming Stalin and other Soviet officials for having personally ordered the massacre
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