Winery Qvevvri AMORIS in Tsinandali. Kakheti, Georgia
See more here:
Tsinandali -Georgia -Teacher Olia Zirakashvili
Tsinandali
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tsinandali Palace
Tsinandali (Georgian: წინანდალი) is a village in Kakheti, Georgia, noted for the estate and its historic winery which once belonged to the 19th-century aristocratic poet Alexander Chavchavadze (1786–1846). It is situated in the district of Telavi, 79 km east of Tbilisi.
History[edit]
The Plundered Tsinandali, painting by Vasily Timm. 1850s
Alexander Chavchavadze inherited this village, lying in the Alazani River vally, from his father, Prince Garsevan. He refurbished the estate, constructed a new Italianate palace and built a decorative garden in 1835. It was the place where Chavchavadze frequently entertained foreign guests with music, wit, and – most especially – the fine vintages made at his estate marani (winery). Familiar with European ways, Chavchavadze built Georgia’s oldest and largest winery where he combined European and centuries-long Georgian winemaking traditions. The highly regarded dry white Tsinandali is still produced there.[1]
The village and the Chavchavadze estate were further famed by a surprising raid by the troops of Imam Shamil, a Muslim leader of the northeast Caucasian opposition to the Russian expansion, on July 2, 1854. The attack was commanded by Ghazi-Muhammad, Shamil’s son. Avenging the Chavchavadze family for their contribution to the Russian success in the Caucasian War, the mountaineers pillaged the estate and kidnapped the wife of Alexander’s son, Prince David Chavchavadze, her widowed sister, Varvara Orbeliani, who were both grand-daughters of George XII of Georgia, their children and several relatives. This event sent waves of shock not only into Russia, but the West as well. On March 22, 1855, after complicated negotiations, the hostages were exchanged for Shamil’s captive son Jamal al-Din and 40,000 silver rubles as part of a deal involving a general exchange of prisoners.[2]
After David Chavchavadze’s death, due to the failure to pay the debt to the Russian Public Bank, the estate passed to the property of the Imperial family. The Tsinandali garden was renovated in 1887 and passed to the state n 1917. In 1947, the estate was organized into a museum.
References[edit]
Tsinandali on a Crimean War map
INSIDE THE KRTSANISI VILLA RESIDENCE, TBILISI. (with English subtitles)
The company “KRTSANISI VILLA RESIDENCE” was founded in 2010 by people who have had a long-standing experience in construction. The goal of the company was to offer unique types of living spaces in the Georgian market.
For us the development is not just constructing the buildings. We want to create conditions for people to live happily and comfortably in an ecologically clean place, in efficiently planned homes. To build residential buildings so that not to disturb the nature and its harmony – is a real art. KRTSANISI is the ideal place for all of these.
Mission
The mission is to create modern houses for modern people and support the establishment of new, live neighborhoods in the city.
TBILVINO
Leading producer of high quality Georgian wines since its establishment in 1962. In 2009 Tbilvino became the largest exporter of Georgian wines. A broad range of Tbilvino wines are successfully exported to over 30 countries worldwide and are appreciated by wine-lovers and wine connoisseurs.
Tbilvino is also a six-time winner of the prestigious Golden Brand title in 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013.
Park Hotel Tsinandali
Park Hotel draws you to the sunsets best enjoyed on the terrace, with eye-catching views of the lush surroundings.
As the warm autumn breeze blows through the gardens and vineyards of Tsinandali, the yellow leaves cover the grounds in a neutral color palette.
It’s the kind of place where you feast your eyes on the storied halls of the hotel and capture the moments of joy and laughter being radiated. What better place to welcome a group of friends and family?
Chavchavadze
Video Software we use:
Ad-free videos.
You can support us by purchasing something through our Amazon-Url, thanks :)
The Chavchavadze is a Georgian noble family, formerly a princely one .The family is first attested in the 15th century, during the reign of Alexander I of Georgia.By the time of Leon of Kakheti they appear in the province of Kakheti , where they produced two lines: one in Telavi and Tsinandali; another in Qvareli and Shildi.Both these lines were elevated to a princely dignity under the kings Erekle I and Constantine II , respectively.
---Image-Copyright-and-Permission---
About the author(s): Original author: Василенко, Н. (XIX) Россия Vasily Timm (1820–1895) Alternative names Vasili Fedorovich (George Wilhelm) Timm Description Russian painter Date of birth/death 1820 1895 Location of birth/death Russia Germany Work location Caucasus, Russian Empire Authority control VIAF: 76586001 ISNI: 0000 0001 0989 9401 ULAN: 500120576 LCCN: n95105029 GND: 129144355 WorldCat
License: Public domain
Author(s): Vasily Timm
---Image-Copyright-and-Permission---
This channel is dedicated to make Wikipedia, one of the biggest knowledge databases in the world available to people with limited vision.
Article available under a Creative Commons license
Image source in video
Day 3 of the 2010 World Wine Symposium at Villa D'Este
During the 2010 World Wine Symposium our British correspondent James Lawrence sat with the CEO of Villa D'Este Dr. Jean-Marc Droulers to discuss the Villa's partnership with the event organizer in support of furthering the discussion on hot topic issues in the world of wine
Tbilisi | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:51 1 Names and etymology
00:03:57 2 History
00:04:06 2.1 Early history
00:05:44 2.2 Foreign domination
00:07:23 2.3 Capital of Georgia
00:08:35 2.4 Mongol domination and the following period of instability
00:10:14 2.5 Iranian control
00:12:06 2.6 Russian control
00:13:49 2.7 Brief independence
00:15:21 2.8 Soviet rule
00:16:53 2.9 Post-independence
00:18:51 3 Politics and administration
00:22:08 4 Geography
00:22:17 4.1 Location
00:24:09 4.2 Climate
00:27:04 5 People and culture
00:27:14 5.1 Demographics
00:28:28 5.2 Sports
00:31:09 5.3 Media
00:33:02 5.4 Architecture
00:36:10 5.5 Main sights
00:37:32 5.6 Nightlife
00:38:03 6 Economy
00:39:26 7 Transportation
00:39:35 7.1 Airport
00:41:08 7.2 Metro
00:42:15 7.3 Tram
00:42:55 7.4 Minibus
00:43:45 7.5 Municipal bus
00:44:54 7.6 Aerial tramways
00:46:48 7.7 Funicular
00:47:39 8 Education
00:53:00 9 International relations
00:53:10 9.1 Twin towns and sister cities
00:53:23 9.2 Partnerships
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8698301801184336
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Tbilisi (English: tə-bih-LEE-see, tə-BIL-ih-see; Georgian: თბილისი [tʰbilisi] (listen)), in some countries also still known by its pre-1936 international designation Tiflis ( TIF-lis), is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people. Founded in the 5th century AD by Vakhtang I of Iberia, since then Tbilisi served as the capital of various Georgian kingdoms and republics. Between 1801 and 1917, then part of the Russian Empire, Tbilisi was the seat of the Imperial Viceroy, governing both Southern and Northern Caucasus.
Because of its location on the crossroads between Europe and Asia, and its proximity to the lucrative Silk Road, throughout history Tbilisi was a point of contention among various global powers. The city's location to this day ensures its position as an important transit route for various energy and trade projects. Tbilisi's diverse history is reflected in its architecture, which is a mix of medieval, neoclassical, Beaux Arts, Art Nouveau, Stalinist and the Modern structures.
Historically, Tbilisi has been home to people of multiple cultural, ethnic, and religious backgrounds, though it is currently overwhelmingly Eastern Orthodox Christian. Its notable tourist destinations include cathedrals Sameba and Sioni, Freedom Square, Rustaveli Avenue and Agmashenebeli Avenue, medieval Narikala Fortress, the pseudo-Moorish Opera Theater, and the Georgian National Museum.
Tbilisi | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Tbilisi
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Tbilisi (English: tə-bih-LEE-see, tə-BIL-ih-see; Georgian: თბილისი [tʰbilisi] (listen)), in some countries also still known by its pre-1936 international designation Tiflis ( TIF-lis), is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people. Founded in the 5th century AD by Vakhtang I of Iberia, since then Tbilisi served as the capital of various Georgian kingdoms and republics. Between 1801 and 1917, then part of the Russian Empire, Tbilisi was the seat of the Imperial Viceroy, governing both Southern and Northern Caucasus.
Because of its location on the crossroads between Europe and Asia, and its proximity to the lucrative Silk Road, throughout history Tbilisi was a point of contention among various global powers. The city's location to this day ensures its position as an important transit route for various energy and trade projects. Tbilisi's diverse history is reflected in its architecture, which is a mix of medieval, neoclassical, Beaux Arts, Art Nouveau, Stalinist and the Modern structures.
Historically, Tbilisi has been home to people of multiple cultural, ethnic, and religious backgrounds, though it is currently overwhelmingly Eastern Orthodox Christian. Its notable tourist destinations include cathedrals Sameba and Sioni, Freedom Square, Rustaveli Avenue and Agmashenebeli Avenue, medieval Narikala Fortress, the pseudo-Moorish Opera Theater, and the Georgian National Museum.
Modern history of Georgia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Modern history of Georgia
00:02:04 1 Prehistoric period
00:05:31 2 Antiquity
00:05:40 2.1 Early Georgian kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia
00:10:17 2.2 The Roman–Iranian rivalry and the Roman conquest of Colchis
00:14:17 2.3 Adoption of Christianity as state religion
00:18:13 3 Medieval Georgia
00:18:22 3.1 Unification of the Georgian state
00:20:56 3.2 Between Seljuqs and Byzantines
00:23:30 3.2.1 Great Seljuk invasion
00:24:55 3.3 King David IV the Builder and Georgian Reconquista
00:28:23 3.4 Queen Tamar the Great and the Golden Age (1184–1213)
00:30:44 3.5 Mongol invasion and decline of the Georgian Kingdom
00:32:56 4 Early modern period
00:33:06 4.1 Ottoman and Iranian domination
00:38:13 4.2 The 18th and 19th century: from a mainly Iranian-centred theatre to Russian annexation
00:45:32 5 Modern history
00:45:41 5.1 Russian Empire
00:47:22 5.1.1 Growth of the national movement
00:50:13 5.2 Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918–1921)
00:51:04 5.2.1 Georgian-Armenian War (1918)
00:52:28 5.2.2 Red Army invasion (1921)
00:53:02 5.3 Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1990)
00:57:48 5.4 Independent Georgia
00:57:56 5.4.1 Gamsakhurdia presidency (1991–1992)
01:00:08 5.4.2 Shevardnadze presidency (1992–2003)
01:04:26 5.4.3 Saakashvili presidency (2004–2013)
01:11:42 5.4.4 Margvelashvili presidency (2013–present)
01:14:05 6 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The nation of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველო sakartvelo) was first unified as a kingdom under the Bagrationi dynasty by the King Bagrat III of Georgia in the 8th to 9th century, arising from a number of predecessor states of the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia. The Kingdom of Georgia flourished during the 10th to 12th centuries under King David IV the Builder and Queen Tamar the Great, and fell to the Mongol invasion by 1243, and after a brief reunion under George V the Brilliant to the Timurid Empire. By 1490, Georgia was fragmented into a number of petty kingdoms and principalities, which throughout the Early Modern period struggled to maintain their autonomy against Ottoman and Iranian (Safavid, Afsharid, and Qajar) domination until Georgia was finally annexed by the Russian Empire in the 19th century. After a brief bid for independence with the Democratic Republic of Georgia of 1918–1921, Georgia was part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic from 1922 to 1936, and then formed the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic until the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
The current republic of Georgia has been independent since 1991. The first president Zviad Gamsakhurdia stoked Georgian nationalism and vowed to assert Tbilisi's authority over Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Gamsakhurdia was deposed in a bloody coup d'état within the same year and the country became embroiled in a bitter civil war, which lasted until 1995. Supported by Russia, Abkhazia and South Ossetia achieved de facto independence from Georgia. The Rose Revolution forced Eduard Shevardnadze to resign in 2003. The new government under Mikheil Saakashvili prevented the secession of a third breakaway republic in the Adjara crisis of 2004, but the conflict with Abkhazia and South Ossetia led to the 2008 Russo–Georgian War and tensions with Russia remain unresolved.
The history of Georgia is inextricably linked with the history of the Georgian people.
Georgia within the Russian Empire | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Georgia within the Russian Empire
00:02:08 1 Background: Russo-Georgian relations before 1801
00:05:58 2 The Russian annexations
00:06:08 2.1 Eastern Georgia
00:08:40 2.2 Western Georgia
00:10:52 3 Early years of Russian rule
00:11:02 3.1 Integration into the empire
00:13:15 3.2 Georgian society
00:14:07 3.3 Emancipation of the serfs
00:16:13 3.4 Immigration
00:17:24 4 Cultural and political movements
00:17:56 4.1 Romanticism
00:19:13 4.2 Nationalism
00:20:37 4.3 Socialism
00:21:53 5 Later Russian rule
00:22:03 5.1 Increasing tensions
00:23:08 5.2 The revolution of 1905
00:25:51 5.3 World War I and independence
00:28:03 6 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The country of Georgia became part of the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Throughout the early modern period, the Muslim Ottoman and Persian empires had fought over various fragmented Georgian kingdoms and principalities; by the 18th century, Russia emerged as the new imperial power in the region. Since Russia was an Orthodox Christian state like Georgia, the Georgians increasingly sought Russian help. In 1783, Heraclius II of the eastern Georgian kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti forged an alliance with the Russian Empire, whereby the kingdom became a Russian protectorate and abjured any dependence on its suzerain Persia. The Russo-Georgian alliance, however, backfired as Russia was unwilling to fulfill the terms of the treaty, proceeding to annex the troubled kingdom in 1801, and reducing it to the status of a Russian region (Georgia Governorate). In 1810, the western Georgian kingdom of Imereti was annexed as well. Russian rule over Georgia was eventually acknowledged in various peace treaties with Persia and the Ottomans, and the remaining Georgian territories were absorbed by the Russian Empire in a piecemeal fashion in the course of the 19th century.
Until 1918, Georgia would be part of the Russian Empire. Russian rule offered the Georgians security from external threats, but it was also often heavy-handed and insensitive to locals. By the late 19th century, discontent with the Russian authorities led to a growing national movement. The Russian Imperial period, however, brought unprecedented social and economic change to Georgia, with new social classes emerging: the emancipation of the serfs freed many peasants but did little to alleviate their poverty; the growth of capitalism created an urban working class in Georgia. Both peasants and workers found expression for their discontent through revolts and strikes, culminating in the Revolution of 1905. Their cause was championed by the socialist Mensheviks, who became the dominant political force in Georgia in the final years of Russian rule. Georgia finally won its independence in 1918, less as a result of the nationalists' and socialists' efforts, than from the collapse of the Russian Empire in World War I.
Tbilisi | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Tbilisi
00:01:33 1 Names and etymology
00:03:20 2 History
00:03:29 2.1 Early history
00:04:45 2.2 Foreign domination
00:06:09 2.3 Capital of Georgia
00:07:12 2.4 Mongol domination and the following period of instability
00:08:36 2.5 Iranian control
00:10:11 2.6 Russian control
00:11:40 2.7 Brief independence
00:12:59 2.8 Soviet rule
00:14:18 2.9 Post-independence
00:15:58 3 Politics and administration
00:18:46 4 Geography
00:18:55 4.1 Location
00:20:30 4.2 Climate
00:22:58 5 People and culture
00:23:08 5.1 Demographics
00:24:26 5.2 Sports
00:26:44 5.3 Media
00:28:20 5.4 Architecture
00:30:59 5.5 Main sights
00:32:11 5.6 Nightlife
00:32:39 6 Economy
00:33:50 7 Transportation
00:33:59 7.1 Airport
00:35:19 7.2 Metro
00:36:06 7.3 Tram
00:36:40 7.4 Minibus
00:37:23 7.5 Municipal bus
00:38:21 7.6 Aerial tramways
00:39:57 8 Education
00:44:30 9 International relations
00:44:40 9.1 Twin towns and sister cities
00:44:52 9.2 Partnerships
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Tbilisi (English: tə-bih-LEE-see, tə-BIL-ih-see; Georgian: თბილისი [tʰbilisi] (listen)), in some countries also still known by its pre-1936 international designation Tiflis ( TIF-lis), is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people. Founded in the 5th century AD by Vakhtang I of Iberia, since then Tbilisi served as the capital of various Georgian kingdoms and republics. Between 1801 and 1917, then part of the Russian Empire, Tbilisi was the seat of the Imperial Viceroy, governing both Southern and Northern Caucasus.
Because of its location on the crossroads between Europe and Asia, and its proximity to the lucrative Silk Road, throughout history Tbilisi was a point of contention among various global powers. The city's location to this day ensures its position as an important transit route for various energy and trade projects. Tbilisi's diverse history is reflected in its architecture, which is a mix of medieval, neoclassical, Beaux Arts, Art Nouveau, Stalinist and the Modern structures.
Historically, Tbilisi has been home to people of multiple cultural, ethnic, and religious backgrounds, though it is currently overwhelmingly Eastern Orthodox Christian. Its notable tourist destinations include cathedrals Sameba and Sioni, Freedom Square, Rustaveli Avenue and Agmashenebeli Avenue, medieval Narikala Fortress, the pseudo-Moorish Opera Theater, and the Georgian National Museum.