John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry
00:00:44 1 Brown's preparation
00:04:05 2 Advance knowledge of raid
00:06:59 3 The raid
00:07:08 3.1 October 16
00:08:40 3.2 October 17
00:10:29 3.3 October 18
00:12:41 3.4 October 19
00:13:30 4 Aftermath
00:16:31 5 Casualties
00:16:40 5.1 John Brown's raiders
00:22:05 5.2 Others
00:23:00 6 Liberated slaves
00:23:20 7 Legacy
00:23:29 7.1 Heritage Area
00:24:01 7.2 In Popular Culture
00:24:44 8 See also
00:25:00 9 Notes
00:25:09 9.1 Citations
00:25:17 10 Further reading
00:27:41 11 External links
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry (also known as John Brown's raid or The raid on Harpers Ferry) was an effort by abolitionist John Brown to initiate an armed slave revolt in 1859 by taking over a United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Brown's party of 22 was defeated by a company of U.S. Marines, led by First Lieutenant Israel Greene. Colonel Robert E. Lee was in overall command of the operation to retake the arsenal. John Brown had originally asked Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass, both of whom he had met in his transformative years as an abolitionist in Springfield, Massachusetts, to join him in his raid, but Tubman was prevented by illness and Douglass declined, as he believed Brown's plan would fail.
John Brown (abolitionist) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
John Brown (abolitionist)
00:02:24 1 Early life
00:07:20 2 Transformative years in Springfield, Massachusetts
00:13:07 3 Homestead in New York
00:13:47 4 Actions in Kansas
00:14:48 4.1 Pottawatomie
00:17:23 4.2 Palmyra and Osawatomie
00:19:53 5 Later years
00:20:02 5.1 Gathering forces
00:27:37 5.2 Raid
00:33:37 5.3 Imprisonment, trial, and six weeks in jail
00:37:29 5.4 Victor Hugo's reaction
00:39:17 6 Death and aftermath
00:40:40 6.1 Transportation of his body
00:41:56 6.2 Senate investigation
00:43:54 6.3 Aftermath of the raid
00:46:04 7 Legacy
00:46:13 7.1 Monuments
00:48:30 7.1.1 Historical markers
00:54:36 7.2 Views of contemporaries
00:55:26 7.3 Views of historians and other writers
00:57:52 7.4 Historiography
01:02:37 7.5 In the arts
01:05:50 8 Influences
01:11:09 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
John Brown (May 9, 1800 – December 2, 1859) was an American abolitionist who believed in and advocated armed insurrection as the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States. He first gained attention when he led small groups of volunteers during the Bleeding Kansas crisis of 1856. He was dissatisfied with the pacifism of the organized abolitionist movement: These men are all talk. What we need is action—action! In May 1856, Brown and his supporters killed five supporters of slavery in the Pottawatomie massacre, which responded to the sacking of Lawrence by pro-slavery forces. Brown then commanded anti-slavery forces at the Battle of Black Jack (June 2) and the Battle of Osawatomie (August 30, 1856).
In October 1859, Brown led a raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (today West Virginia) to start a liberation movement among the slaves there. He seized the armory, but seven people were killed, and ten or more were injured. He intended to arm slaves with weapons from the arsenal, but the attack failed. Within 36 hours, Brown's men had fled or been killed or captured by local farmers, militiamen, and US Marines led by Robert E. Lee. He was tried for treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia, the murder of five men (including 3 blacks), and inciting a slave insurrection, was found guilty on all counts, and was hanged.
Historians agree that the Harpers Ferry raid escalated tensions that led to the South's secession a year later and the American Civil War. Brown's raid captured the nation's attention; Southerners feared that it was just the first of many Northern plots to cause a slave rebellion that might endanger their lives, while Republicans dismissed the notion and claimed that they would not interfere with slavery in the South. John Brown's Body was a popular Union marching song that portrayed him as a martyr.
Brown's actions as an abolitionist and the tactics he used still make him a controversial figure today. He is both memorialized as a heroic martyr and visionary, and vilified as a madman and a terrorist. Historian James Loewen surveyed American history textbooks and noted that historians considered Brown perfectly sane until about 1890, but generally portrayed him as insane from about 1890 until 1970 when new interpretations began to gain ground.
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ABRAHAM LINCOLN: Short Summary - The 16th U.S. president (Walter Huston) is portrayed as a lawyer, orator, husband and Civil War commander.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN: Full Synopsis - Brief vignettes about Lincoln's early life include his birth, early jobs, possible affair with Ann Rutledge, courtship of Mary Todd, and the Lincoln-Douglas debates; his presidency and the Civil War are followed in somewhat more detail, though without actual battle scenes; film concludes with the assassination.
Directed by - D. W. Griffith, Produced by - D. W. Griffith and Joseph M. Schenck, Written by - Stephen Vincent Benet & John W. Considine Jr. and Gerrit Lloyd. Music by - Hugo Riesenfeld, Cinematography - Karl Struss, Edited by - James Smith, Starring - Walter Huston as Abraham Lincoln, Una Merkel as Ann Rutledge, W. L. Thorne as Tom Lincoln, Lucille La Verne as Mid-Wife, Helen Freeman as Nancy Hanks Lincoln, Otto Hoffman as Offut, Walter Huston as Abraham Lincoln
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