Kodaikanal Solar Observatory
The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory is located in the picturesque Palani Hills at a height of 2300 meters in Kodaikanal, Southern India. It was established in 1899 as a Solar Physics Observatory and all the activities of the Madras Observatory were shifted to Kodaikanal.
The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory has a rich history of taking solar images in Calcium-K, H-Alpha, and White-light on photographic plates & films for over a century, making it one of the only place in the world to have such important data set. The white light observations have been obtained from the same solar telescopes without changing any of its optics for more than 100 years and are still being continued today. Realising that enormous useful information can be further extracted from these solar archives, efforts have been made to digitise these plates and films using state of the art modern instrumentations.
The observatory has evolved from its humble beginning to become one of the important centre for solar studies in the world.The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory has provided several generations of astronomers and observers with requisite tools to understand and decode the mysteries of the Sun.
The Observatory is under the administration of Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore.
India Innovates- Solar observatory, Kodaikanal
India Innovates- Solar observatory, Kodaikanal
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Indian Institute of Astrophysics - Video Learning - WizScience.com
The Indian Institute of Astrophysics , with its headquarters in Bangalore , India, is a premier national institute of India for the study of and research into topics pertaining to astronomy, astrophysics and related subjects.
The Institute has a network of laboratories and observatories located in various places in India, including Kodaikanal , Kavalur , Gauribidanur, Hanle and Hosakote.
The origin of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics can be traced to a private observatory established by William Petrie , an officer of the East India Company. He set up that private observatory in his residence located in Egmore, Chennai , India. The main aim of the observatory, according to Petrie, was to provide navigational assistance to the company ships and help determine the longitudes by observing the eclipses of Moon and satellites of Jupiter.
In 1790, this private observatory was taken over by the East India Company, with Michael Topping as an astronomer. In 1792, the observatory was expanded and shifted to a complex in Nungambakkam area of Chennai. This was the first modern observatory outside Europe.
Presently, the Indian Institute of Astrophysics functions under the control of the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.
The East India Company having resolved to establish an observatory at Madras for promoting the knowledge of Astronomy, Geography and Navigation in India, Sir Charles Oakeley, then President of the Council had the building for the observatory completed by 1792. The Madras series of observations had commenced in 1787 * through the efforts of a member of the Madras Government - William Petrie - who had in his possession two three-inch achromatic telescopes, two astronomical clocks with compound pendulums and an excellent transit instrument. This equipment formed the nucleus of instrumentation of the new observatory, which soon embarked on a series of observations of the stars, the moon, and eclipses of Jupiter's satellites, with the accurate determination of longitude, as its first concern. The pier that carried the original small transit instrument on a massive granite pillar has on it an inscription in Latin, Tamil, Telugu and Hindustani, so that Posterity may be informed a thousand years hence of the period when the mathematical sciences were first planted by British Liberality in Asia. In any case this quotation from the first annual report of the observatory is at least a record of the fact that astronomical activity at the Madras Observatory was indeed the first among British efforts at scientific studies in India.
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Rayappa Kasi Vainu Bappu Observatory, Kaavalur, India, 15 11 2016
The Vainu Bappu Observatory was established in early 70’s and is named after eminent scientist Dr. Vainu Bappu and is located in the scenic Javadi hills of Kavalur, Tamil Nadu. The observatory located at a distance of 180 km South East of Bangalore can be easily reached by road in three and a half hours time. The observatory houses a number of optical telescopes, including currently India’s largest optical telescope the 2.3m Vainu Bappu telescope, 1.3 meter J.C Bhattacharya telescope, 1m Carl Zeiss Telescope and many other smaller scopes.
After commissioning of Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, it was the idea led by Dr. Bappu of building a large optical telescope in the country. As a result of his efforts a totally indigenous 2.3 metre telescope was fabricated and then installed in Kavalur. However, Bappu never lived to see it complete. This telescope was dedicated to the nation in Bappu’s memory in January 1986 by the then Prime Minister, late Shri Rajiv Gandhi.
The Vainu Bappu Observatory is a national facility run by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, which is a premier institute devoted to research in astronomy, astrophysics and related physics. The astronomy program traces its origins back to an observatory set up in 1786 at Madras, which from the year 1792 began to formally function at its Nungambakkam premises as the Madras Observatory. In 1899, the observatory moved to Kodaikanal and in the year 1971, the Kodaikanal Observatory became an autonomous society, the Indian Institute of Astrophysics. The headquarters were later shifted to Bangalore into its present campus at Koramangala in 1975. Today, funded by the Department of Science and Technology, the Institute ranks as a premier institution devoted to research and education of astronomy and physics in the country.
ஆசியாவின் மிகப்பெரிய வானியல் ஆய்வுத் தொலைநோக்கி Vellore ASIA's Biggest Observatory Kavalur Vellore
Vellore The Vainu Bappu Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics. It is located at Kavalur in the Javadi Hills, near Vaniyambadi in Vellore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The Vainu Bappu Observatory of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics traces its origin back to 1786 when William Petrie set up his private observatory at his garden house at Egmore, Madras, which eventually came to be known as the Madras Observatory. Later it was moved to Kodaikanal and functioned there as the Kodaikanal Observatory since 1899.
However, Kodaikanal had very few nights available for observation and hence astronomers searched for a new site after India's independence.[2] M.K. Vainu Bappu who took over as the director of the Kodaikanal Observatory in 1960, found a sleepy little hamlet called Kavalur in the Javadi Hills as a suitable site for establishing optical telescopes for observing celestial objects. This came to be known as Kavalur Observatory.[1]
Observations began in 1968 with a 38 cm telescope made in the backyard of the Kodaikanal Observator.
The first telescope was of 38 cm (15-inch) aperture, with which astronomical observations were started in 1968 at Kavalur Observatory. The 75 cm (30-inch) telescope has been completely designed and fabricated at the workshops of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics. In 1972 a 1-metre (40-inch) telescope made by Carl Zeiss Jena was installed at Kavalur.[1]
2.3-metres Vainu Bappu Telescope
Vainu Bappu started the 2.3-metre (93-inch) aperture telescope, designed and built within the country. Bappu died in 1982 and would not see the completion of the telescope.[1] On 6 January 1986, the observatory was re-named as Vainu Bappu Observatory and the 2.3 metre telescope as Vainu Bappu Telescope.[1]
the largest telescope in Asia until a 3.6-meter telescope was set up at Devasthal, Nainital, by ARIES. It has a diameter of 2.3 meters and On 17 February 1988, a new minor planet was discovered using the 45 cm Schmidt telescope. It has been named 4130 Ramanujan after the Indian mathematical genius Srinivasa Ramanujan. This is the first such discovery from India in the 20th century.[9]
Scientific activities
Front-line research is being carried out with the help of the optical telescopes at Vainu Bappu Observatory using several focal plane instrumentational facilities. The ongoing programmes include observations of stars, star clusters, novae, supernovae, blazars, galaxies, optical imaging of gamma-ray burst fields, stellar populations, solar system objects and many others.
The telescopes at the observatory had started with relatively modest focal plane instruments and later on graduated to more sophisticated ones. These include cameras for fast photography, photoelectric photometers, a single-channel photoelectric spectrum scanner, a medium resolution spectrograph, a quartz-prism calibration spectrograph, infrared photometer, image tube spectrograph, a Universal Astronomical Grating Spectrograph (UAGS from Zeiss), high-resolution echelle spectrograph and a polarimeter. Photographic plates were the principal detectors in the early days. Presently the charge-coupled devices (CCD) have replaced the photographic plates. Some micro-processor-controlled photon counting systems were designed and fabricated which have been used in a variety of observational projects. A fibre linked echelle spectrograph is under construction.
On campus maintenance facilities like aluminising plants for coating the telescope mirrors, mechanical and electrical workshops, electronics labs, along with a liquid nitrogen plant are at hand for the smooth functioning of the observatory. Highly advanced technical facilities like SUN workstations are available at the telescopes for handling the CCD data, along with specialised data reduction packages such as IRAF, STSDAS and DAOPHOT. Communication facilities, like e-mail via VSAT satellite connection, are available for all users for the telescopes.
A programme of ultraflow dispersion spectroscopy was successfully used to survey stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Of the ten supernovae observed so far, SN1987A in LMC was observed in great detail using the 1 m and the 75 cm telescopes despite its low elevation in the southern sky, proving the worth of the geographic location of Kavalur. In fact the observations of the supernova were started within 48 hours of the discovery.
Observational studies of evolved stars, in particular studies related to their evolutionary aspects, carried out at this observatory, have received critical acclaim and international recognition. The observational facilities at this Observatory have yielded many Ph.D theses for the scholars of the Institute as well as of other institutes and universities in the country.
INDIA`S FIRST PRIVATE OBSERVATORY IS ClOSER TO THE HIMALAYAS
Astro - Photo tour to India's first private observatory
India's first private observatory is closer to Himalayas. With a wide panoramic view of snow peaked Himalayan ranges, Kausani is also home to India's first private observatory Stargate. Let's pack our cameras and point them toward the sky to capture the moving stars, Milky way, Timelapse, distant galaxies and nebulas with Himalayan peaks.
A workshop conducted at the observatory by @Atish Aman and @abhinAbhinav Singhai.
Event Link:
For more information write us at
info@stargateindia.com or stargateindia.com
Look Inside Asia's 2nd Largest Telescope || Vainu Bappu Observatory || Space Vines
In Vellore, there is a Telescope which is owned by Indian institute of astrophysics and is 2nd largest Telescope of asia. this video is about a tour inside that Telescope. subscribe our channel to get regular updates.
Solar Observatory Kodaikanal
Solar observatory is a Govt. organization, located about 4 kms from Kodai bus stand. Nothing to see there. Camera not allowed inside the campus.
Dr Harsh Vardhan's visit to Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bengaluru
Astrophotography from Vainu Bappu Observatory
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Location: VBO Kavalur
Photo and Video Credits :
Prasanna Deshmukh, Ananda MN, Avinash Surendran,
Shripati Hadigal, Ramya Manjunath, Annu Jacob,
Manprit Singh, Mayuresh Sarpotdar, Arun Surya, Hema Bharadwaj, Joice Mathew, Haris Uzhunnan, Estrella Jiménez Gómez, Preethi Krishnamoorthy, P. Anbazhagan, Suresh Mohan, Keerthi Kiran M.
( Part of Astrophotography Workshop at VBO)
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Hanle Astronomical Observatory | Ep 6 | Peppy Traveller
Hanle is one of the most beautiful, enchanting, calm and soul losing places in India. I will put Hanle as one of the best paces to viist in Ladakh. To me it came as a surprise as I didnt expect it to be such an untouched village, so raw , so peaceful!I felt we travelled back time !On the way to Hanle from Leh, it seems like you're on a different planet altogether. Its horrifying beauty — extreme calmness — imparts the feeling of being lost in an alien land. There is some wildlife to spot along the way: mostly wild asses, golden ducks, rabbits, jackals. You can also see a few nomads along the roadside, in their makeshift tents and surrounded by their cattle and dogs.
We visited the 2 most important sites in Hanle:
1. Hanle Monastery: Built in the 17th century, the monastery belongs to the Red Hat sect of Tibetan Buddhists. The monastery is also known as Analy Gompa apart from Hanle Monastery. It seems it is home to 10 monks and is visited by more than 40 others to offer prayers here.It offer some great aerial view of the whole village that is a home of about 1000 people.The views from the top of the monastery are just breath-taking. The monastery is approximately less than 20 km from the LAC or the Line of Actual Control between India and Tibet. The monastery is one of the largest and well known monasteries in Ladakh; it was built with the patronage of a Ladakhi king called Sengge Namgyal alongside a well known Tibetan lama named Taktsang Repa Ngakwang Gyatso. The monastery is built in Tibetan architectural style, but one can find the influence of Indian and Chinese style of architecture in the structure. As the monastery lies in close proximity to the Tibetan border, the entire region falls under the highly sensitive area.
2. Hanle Observatory: Hanle also houses an Indian Astronomical Observatory which is the world’s highest observatory in the world at a staggering height of 4500 Mtrs. The Indian Astronomical Observatory or IAO is one of the world's highest observatories thanks to its high altitude of 14800 ft above sea level. The observatory was dedicated to the nation in 2001 by the then Jammu and Kashmir chief minister Farooq Abdullah.The observatory has two telescopes which are active, one is the 6.5 ft tall Himalayan Chandra Telescope, which was named after the Noble laureate Subrahmanyam Chandrashekar. The second one is High Altitude Gamma Ray Telescope. The observatory is operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics in Bengaluru. The observatory has a guest house which provides accommodation facilities to the visitors on prior notification.
Fifty Years of Vainu Bappu Observatory | VBO 50 | Observatory Panorama by Prasanna Deshmukh
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Photo & Video: Prasanna Deshmukh
Location: VBO Kavalur
Special Thanks to: VBO Kavalur & IIAP Bangalore.
For more Info about VBO see:
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Butterfly Diagram & Sunspot Area From Kodaikanal Solar Observatory
This movie shows the evolution of the sunspots with the progress of a solar cycle. The images used here, are taken from Kodaikanal solar observatory, India. Visit to know more about it.
Indian Institute of Astrophysics Director Siraj Hasan Interaction
Indian Institute of Astrophysics Director Siraj Hasan is interacting with National level
Day time Astronomy Brainstorming workshop participants at IIA Banagalore on 19-11-2011
Rayappa Kasi Vainu Bappu Observatory, Kavalur, India
The Vainu Bappu Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Indian Institute of Astrophysics. It is located at Kavalur in the Javadi Hills, near Vaniyambadi in Vellore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is 200 km south-west of Chennai & 175 km south-east of Bangalore.
On campus maintenance facilities like aluminising plants for coating the telescope mirrors, mechanical and electrical workshops, electronics labs, along with a liquid nitrogen plant are at hand for the smooth functioning of the observatory. Highly advanced technical facilities like SUN workstations are available at the telescopes for handling the CCD data, along with specialised data reduction packages such as IRAF, STSDAS and DAOPHOT. Communication facilities, like e-mail via VSAT satellite connection, are available for all users for the telescopes.
A programme of ultraflow dispersion spectroscopy was successfully used to survey stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Of the ten supernovae observed so far, SN1987A in LMC was observed in great detail using the 1 m and the 75 cm telescopes despite its low elevation in the southern sky, proving the worth of the geographic location of Kavalur. In fact the observations of the supernova were started within 48 hours of the discovery.
Natural effervescence of Vainu Bappu Observatory | VBO Kavalur India | IIA
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Location: VBO, Kavalur, India
Music: Elephants by Huma Huma
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Science non science, sciencenonscience, science nonscience, Astronomy, Prasanna Deshmukh, P-Vlogs, PVlogs, science vlogs.
Sun through the eyes of the Kodaikanal Observatory (1909-2007) [beta version]
Sun through the eyes of the Kodaikanal Observatory: Living with a star for 100 years (1909-2007;
The atmosphere above the surface of the Sun (photosphere) is hot (T~10000 K) due to which Calcium gets ionized to form Ca II ion. Ca II emits photons in the visible and near UV region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Special filters are used to tap this emission around 393 nm. Ca K line provides important information about the magnetic structures present in the upper atmosphere of our Sun. More information at
Let's look at how our Sun behaved on almost a day to day basis in the last century (1909-2007).
Music credit: Goldberg Variations Complete (J.S. Bach BWV 988)
by Kimiko Ishizaka
Ca II images credit: Kodaikanal solar observatory/IIA bangalore
Final processing: Astrobreeze (
Processed on a Linux machine
Iia recruitment 2017 – apply at indian institute of astrophysics before 13th nov 2017
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सदस्यता लें और साझा करें. धन्यवाद
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Indian Space Observatories
This video give information about India's top 5 Observatories.
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Courtesy : ISRO/Photographers who click the images that we had use in above video.
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#Isro#Space#Observatories#top5#indian#telescopes#astronomy#astrophysics#cosmology#astronomer#ladhak#Pune#rajasthan#tamilnadu#gammaraytelescopes#opticaltelescope#infraredtelescope
kodaikanal museum
more than 100years olden museum