Gian Lorenzo Bernini an Italian Artist and a Prominent Architect
Gian Lorenzo Bernini an Italian Artist and a Prominent Architect
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Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Gianlorenzo or Giovanni Lorenzo) (Naples, 7 December 1598 -- Rome, 28 November 1680) was an Italian artist and a prominent architect who worked principally in Rome. He was the leading sculptor of his age, credited with creating the Baroque style of sculpture. In addition, he painted, wrote plays, and designed metalwork and stage sets.
A student of classical sculpture, Bernini possessed the ability to capture, in marble, the essence of a narrative moment with a dramatic naturalistic realism which was almost shocking. This ensured that he effectively became the successor of Michelangelo, far outshining other sculptors of his generation, including his rival, Alessandro Algardi. His talent extended beyond the confines of his sculpture to consideration of the setting in which it would be situated; his ability to synthesise sculpture, painting and architecture into a coherent conceptual and visual whole has been termed by the art historian Irving Lavin the unity of the visual arts. A deeply religious man, working in Counter Reformation Rome, Bernini used light as an important metaphorical device in the perception of his religious settings, often using hidden light sources that could intensify the focus of religious worship, or enhance the dramatic moment of a sculptural narrative.
Bernini was also a leading figure in the emergence of Roman Baroque architecture along with his contemporaries, the architect, Francesco Borromini and the painter and architect, Pietro da Cortona. Early in their careers they had all worked at the same time at the Palazzo Barberini, initially under Carlo Maderno and on his death, under Bernini. Later on, however, they were in competition for commissions and fierce rivalries developed, particularly between Bernini and Borromini. Despite the arguably greater architectural inventiveness of Borromini and Cortona, Bernini's artistic pre-eminence, particularly during the reigns of popes Urban VIII (1623--1644) and Alexander VII (1655--1665), meant he was able to secure the most important commission in the Rome of his day, St. Peter's Basilica. His design of the Piazza San Pietro in front of the Basilica is one of his most innovative and successful architectural designs.
Sculptures By Gian Lorenzo Bernini
Bust of Giovanni Battista Santoni (c. 1613--1616) Marble, life-size, Santa Prassede, Rome
The Goat Amalthea with the Infant Jupiter and a Faun (1615) Marble, Galleria Borghese, Rome
A Faun Teased by Children (1616--1617) Marble, height 132,1 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Martyrdom of St. Lawrence (1617) Marble, 66 x 108 cm, Contini Bonacossi Collection, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
St. Sebastian (1617--1618) Marble, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid
Bust of Pope Paul V (1618) Marble, Galleria Borghese, Rome
Aeneas, Anchises, and Ascanius (1618--1619) Marble, height 220 cm, Galleria Borghese, Rome
Bust of Giovanni Vigevano (1618--1631) Marble tomb, Santa Maria sopra Minerva, Rome
Damned Soul (1619) Palazzo di Spagna, Rome
Blessed Soul (1619) Palazzo di Spagna, Rome
Neptune and Triton (1620) Marble, height 182,2 cm, Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Bust of Monsignor Pedro de Foix Montoya (c. 1621) Marble, life-size, Santa Maria di Monserrato, Rome
The Rape of Proserpina (1621--1622) Marble, height 295 cm, Galleria Borghese, Rome
Bust of Antonio Cepparelli (1622) Marble, Museo di San Giovanni dei Fiorentini, Rome
Apollo and Daphne (1622--1625) Marble, height 243 cm, Galleria Borghese, Rome
David (1623--1624) Marble, height 170 cm, Galleria Borghese, Rome
St. Peter's Baldachin (1624) Bronze, partly gilt, Basilica di San Pietro, Vatican City
Fontana del Tritone (1624--1643) Travertine, over life-size, Piazza Barberini, Rome
Charity with Four Children (1627--1628) Terracotta, height 39 cm, Museo Sacro, Musei Vaticani, Vatican
Fontana della Barcaccia (1627--1628) Marble, Piazza di Spagna, Rome
Tomb of Pope Urban VIII (1627--1647) Golden bronze and marble, figures larger than life-size, Basilica di San Pietro, Vatican City
Saint Longinus (1631--1638) Marble, height 450 cm, Basilica di San Pietro, Vatican City
Two Busts of Scipione Borghese (1632) Marble, height 78 cm, Galleria Borghese, Rome
Bust of Pope Urban VIII (1632--1633) Bronze, height 100 cm, Museo Sacro, Musei Vaticani, Vatican City
Charity with Two Children (1634) Terracotta, height 41.6 cm, Museo Sacro, Musei Vaticani, Vatican City
Bust of Costanza Bonarelli (c. 1635) Marble, height 70 cm, Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence
Bust of Thomas Baker (1638) Marble, height 81,6 cm, Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Easter celebrations at Saint Peter Square in Vatican City in Rome
St. Peter's Square (Italian: Piazza San Pietro [ˈpjattsa sam ˈpjɛːtro], Latin: Forum Sancti Petri) is a large plaza located directly in front of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican City, the papal enclave inside Rome, directly west of the neighbourhood or rione of Borgo. Both the square and the basilica are named after Saint Peter, an apostle of Jesus and the first Catholic Pope.
At the centre of the square is an ancient Egyptian obelisk, erected at the current site in 1586. Gian Lorenzo Bernini designed the square almost 100 years later, including the massive Tuscan colonnades, four columns deep, which embrace visitors in the maternal arms of Mother Church. A granite fountain constructed by Bernini in 1675 matches another fountain designed by Carlo Maderno in 1613.
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