Lin Fengmian 林風眠 (1900- 1991) Pioneer of modern Chinese painting Chinese
tonykwk39@gmail.com
林風眠（1900年11月22日－1991年8月12日），原名林鳳鳴，廣東梅縣西陽堡人，中國畫家暨教育家，中國近現代美術的啓蒙者之一。
1900年11月22日，林風眠出生在廣東省梅縣（古稱嘉應州）西陽白宮鎮閣公嶺村。父親林雨農是傳統的石匠手工藝人，略通書畫，這讓林風眠從小就對繪畫產生了興趣，並按着《芥子園畫譜》自習。15歲時，林風眠考取了省立梅州中學，在此期間，他和好友組織了一個「探驪詩社」，切磋詩藝。
1919年7月，中學剛畢業的林風眠收到了梅州中學的同窗好友林文錚從上海發來的信函，獲知了留法勤工儉學的消息，遂告別父老前往上海和林文錚一同作為第六批留法勤工儉學的學生，前往法國留學。1921年，兩人轉入法國國立第戎美術學院學習，9月又轉入法國國立高等美術學院就讀，並得以進入被時人譽為「最學院派的畫家」柯爾蒙（Cormon）的工作室學習，並廣泛接觸各種藝術形式，以及當時歐洲藝術界認為的「東方藝術」。1923年春天，在同鄉熊君銳的邀請下，林風眠與李金髮、林文錚、黃士奇等開始為期近一年的德國遊學，這次遊學極大地影響了林風眠的早年藝術風格，他在遊學中充分地接觸了當時作為新藝術風格形式出現的表現主義、抽象主義等新繪畫流派，創造了大量帶有西方現代主義的個性風格特徵的作品，如著名的《柏林咖啡》、《平靜》、《唐又漢之決鬥》等。
1924年初，林風眠與艾麗絲·馮·羅達（Elise Von Roda）結婚。
遊學回法後，林風眠與友人成立了「福玻斯會」1924年二月，「福玻斯會」聯合美術工學社發起成立了「中國古代和現代藝術展覽會籌備委員會」，於5月21日在法國的斯特拉斯堡舉辦了「中國古代和現代藝術展覽會」正式開幕，林風眠展出了共計42幅作品。此次展覽會的特邀會長蔡元培對林風眠亦極為賞識。
1924年秋，林風眠夫人羅達分娩後不幸患病死去，而新生的嬰兒也隨即夭折，受到巨大打擊的林風眠決心全身心投入藝術創作之中。1925年4月18日，林風眠再婚，與愛麗絲·法當（Alice Vattant)。1925年冬，受蔡元培之邀回國，任北平藝術專門學校校長。
林風眠到校時，正值北平藝術專門學校面臨分崩離析之境。林風眠首先挽留欲請辭的教師班子，又特邀齊白石、法國畫家克羅多（Claudot）來校講學，希望博採眾長。1927年5月11日，由林風眠發起並組織的「北京藝術大會」在北京國立藝專正式開幕，這是中國有史 以來規模最大、品種最全的一次的藝術大展。然而民眾缺乏熱情使得大會最終流產。
藝術大會的失敗使林風眠醒悟到必須首先使廣大民眾了解接受藝術，才能求的藝術的真正發展。1928年3月26日，時任大學院院長蔡元培創辦了杭州國立藝術院（中國美術學院前身），聘任林風眠出任院長兼教授。林風眠又組織策劃成立了「藝術運動社」，創辦了相關的雜誌《亞波羅》和《雅典娜》。然而不久後，「為藝術而藝術」和「為人生而藝術」兩種觀點的爭論顯示出林風眠的「平民藝術」與當時的中國政治形勢的矛盾。「西湖一八藝社」的分裂是林風眠藝術運動又一次失敗的標誌。
1937年，是日本侵華戰爭全面爆發。杭州國立藝術院向西南轉移，並與北平藝專合併，身心俱疲的林風眠被免職離開，從此漸漸退出中國近代美術教育主流。此後他回歸畫家本位，開始創作屬於自己獨立意識的繪畫，並轉向印象主義、野獸派、立體主義等西方現代藝術思潮，淡化了傳統筆墨觀念，試圖用西方現代藝術運動的觀念來切入中國繪畫，其結果是必然性地脫離了「國畫民族化」，被當時寫實融合的官方主流藝術邊緣化而失敗。
中華人民共和國後，曾任中國美術家協會上海分會副主席。
文化大革命期間遭受打擊迫害，為自保，把自己珍藏的三千張畫，親手一張張泡到浴缸裏，站在上面踩爛。後因爲與同鄉葉劍英（時任中共中央副主席）搭救，所以倖免。
1977年獲准出國探親，兩年後隱居香港，繼續創作。1991年8月12日於香港逝世。當今畫家趙無極、朱德群、吳冠中等都是他的學生。
Lin Fengmian (Chinese: 林風眠; November 22, 1900 – August 12, 1991), originally Lin Fengming (林鳳鳴), was a Chinese painter and is considered a pioneer of modern Chinese painting for blending Chinese and Western styles. He was also an important innovator in the area of Chinese art education.
Born in Ge Gong Ling village in Mei County, Guangdong,China, (today's surroundings of Meizhou city) like many of his peers, Lin participated in the Diligent Work-Frugal Study Movement. Similar to his compatriot Xu Beihong, Lin spent the early years of his career in Europe, moving to France in 1920 to study painting. In 1923, he moved to Berlin, Germany. In 1925 he returned to China, where he became the principal of the Beiping State Vocational Art School (北平藝術專門學校). In 1928, with encouragement from Cai Yuanpei, he helped found the National Academy of Art (now called the China Academy of Art), becoming its first principal.
Lin's works and life were met with great tragedy. While many of his early works were destroyed by Japanese soldiers during the Sino-Japanese War, many of his later works were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. After being heavily criticized and denounced by the Gang of Four, Lin personally destroyed his own works by soaking and then flushing his works down the toilet; however, he still ended up being imprisoned for over four years.
In 1977, he was allowed to leave China, on the assumption he would reunite with his family in Brazil. He instead headed for Hong Kong, where he remained until his death in 1991.[1] After his release, Lin slowly began to recreate many of his previously destroyed works.
Lin Fengmian Born in Guangdong, China, Lin traveled to France in 1918 on a government sponsored work study program. During his seven years in France, Lin studied in Dijon and at L'Écôle National Supérieure in Paris learning Western drawing and painting techniques. Strengthening his academic training, his experience outside the classroom brought him in touch with the modern Western art movements of those days, such as Post-Impressionism, Fauvism and Primitivism. The works of Matisse and Modigliani in particular impressed the young artist, who began developing his own style, blending Western and Chinese traditions and techniques. His works were selected for exhibition in the Salon d'Automne in Paris (1924). Lin returned to China in 1925 where he was appointed Director of the Beijing National Art College (precursor to the Central Academy of Fine Art). At the invitation of Cai Yuanpei, Lin founded and became the first director of the Hangzhou National Art Academy. Later he led the New Art Movement and published extensive writings on Western and Chinese art. Important exhibitions include, Fung Ping Shan Library, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (1940), Modern Chinese Paintings, Musée Cernuschi, Paris (1946), Shanghai Art Museum, Shanghai (1962), City Hall, Hong Kong (1964), Musée Cernuschi, Paris (1979), National Museum of History, Taipei (1989). In 2007, an important retrospective exhibition titled A Pioneer of Modern Chinese Painting: the Art of Lin Fengmian was held by Hong Kong Museum of Art.
Beijing | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Beijing
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Beijing (;Mandarin pronunciation: [pèi.tɕíŋ] (listen)), formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's third most populous city proper, and most populous capital city. The city, located in northern China, is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of central government with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast; together the three divisions form the Jingjinji metropolitan region and the national capital region of China.Beijing is an important world capital and global power city, and one of the world's leading centers for politics, economy and business, finance, education, culture, innovation and technology, architecture, language, and diplomacy. A megacity, Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai and is the nation's political, cultural, and educational center. It is home to the headquarters of most of China's largest state-owned companies and houses the largest number of Fortune Global 500 companies in the world, as well as the world's four biggest financial institutions. It is also a major hub for the national highway, expressway, railway, and high-speed rail networks. The Beijing Capital International Airport has been the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic since 2010, and, as of 2016, the city's subway network is the busiest and second longest in the world.
Combining both modern and traditional architecture, Beijing is one of the oldest cities in the world, with a rich history dating back three millennia. As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, Beijing has been the political center of the country for most of the past eight centuries, and was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium A.D. Encyclopædia Britannica notes that few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural center of an area as immense as China. With mountains surrounding the inland city on three sides, in addition to the old inner and outer city walls, Beijing was strategically poised and developed to be the residence of the emperor and thus was the perfect location for the imperial capital. The city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, parks, gardens, tombs, walls and gates. It has seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites – the Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, Ming Tombs, Zhoukoudian, and parts of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal – all popular locations for tourism. Siheyuans, the city's traditional housing style, and hutongs, the narrow alleys between siheyuans, are major tourist attractions and are common in urban Beijing.
Many of Beijing's 91 universities consistently rank among the best in China, among which Peking University and Tsinghua University are ranked in the top 60 universities of the world. Beijing CBD is a center for Beijing's economic expansion, with the ongoing or recently completed construction of multiple skyscrapers. Beijing's Zhongguancun area is known as China's Silicon Valley and a center of innovation and technology entrepreneurship.
Beijing | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:44 1 Etymology
00:06:46 2 History
00:06:55 2.1 Early history
00:08:21 2.2 Early Imperial China
00:12:06 2.3 Ming dynasty
00:15:46 2.4 Qing dynasty
00:17:49 2.5 Republic of China
00:20:10 2.6 People's Republic of China
00:24:34 3 Geography
00:27:50 3.1 Cityscape
00:27:59 3.2 Architecture
00:32:13 3.3 Climate
00:34:43 3.4 Environmental issues
00:36:48 3.4.1 Air quality
00:44:14 3.4.1.1 Readings
00:45:52 3.4.2 Dust storms
00:46:44 4 Politics and government
00:47:57 4.1 Administrative divisions
00:48:40 4.1.1 Towns
00:49:46 4.2 Judiciary and procuracy
00:51:26 4.3 Diplomatic missions
00:52:04 5 Economy
00:53:14 5.1 Sector composition
00:55:41 5.2 Economic zones
00:59:39 6 Demographics
01:04:42 7 Culture
01:08:09 7.1 Places of interest
01:15:07 8 Religion
01:16:36 8.1 Chinese folk religion and Taoism
01:19:16 8.2 Buddhism
01:22:59 8.3 Islam
01:24:32 8.4 Christianity
01:27:52 9 Media
01:28:02 9.1 Television and radio
01:28:58 9.2 Press
01:30:14 10 Sports
01:30:23 10.1 Events
01:33:29 10.2 Venues
01:34:25 10.3 Clubs
01:35:12 11 Transportation
01:35:41 11.1 Rail and high-speed rail
01:38:49 11.2 Roads and expressways
01:42:31 11.3 Air
01:45:42 11.4 Public transit
01:48:41 11.5 Taxi
01:50:57 11.6 Bicycles
01:52:38 12 Defence and aerospace
01:54:57 13 Nature and wildlife
01:58:25 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7022696887090343
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Beijing (, nonstandard ;
Mandarin pronunciation: [pèi.tɕíŋ] (listen)), formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's third most populous city proper, and most populous capital city. The city, located in northern China, is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of central government with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast; together the three divisions form the Jingjinji metropolitan region and the national capital region of China.Beijing is an important world capital and global power city, and one of the world's leading centers for politics, economy and business, finance, education, culture, innovation and technology, architecture, language, and diplomacy. A megacity, Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai and is the nation's political, cultural, and educational center. It is home to the headquarters of most of China's largest state-owned companies and houses the largest number of Fortune Global 500 companies in the world, as well as the world's four biggest financial institutions. It is also a major hub for the national highway, expressway, railway, and high-speed rail networks. The Beijing Capital International Airport has been the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic since 2010, and, as of 2016, the city's subway network is the busiest and second longest in the world.
Combining both modern and traditional architecture, Beijing is one of the oldest cities in the world, with a rich history dating back three millennia. As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, Beijing has been the political center of the country for most of the past eight centuries, and was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium A.D. Encyclopædia Britannica notes that few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural center of an area as immense as China. With mountains surrounding the inland city on three sides, in addition to the old inner and outer city walls, Beijing was strategically poised and developed to be the residence of the emperor and thus was the perfect location for the imperial capital. The city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, parks, gardens, tombs, walls ...
Beijing | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Beijing
00:03:13 1 Etymology
00:04:36 2 History
00:04:44 2.1 Early history
00:05:44 2.2 Early Imperial China
00:08:15 2.3 Ming dynasty
00:10:42 2.4 Qing dynasty
00:12:06 2.5 Republic of China
00:13:41 2.6 People's Republic of China
00:16:38 3 Geography
00:18:49 3.1 Cityscape
00:18:57 3.2 Architecture
00:21:47 3.3 Climate
00:23:29 3.4 Environmental issues
00:24:56 3.4.1 Air quality
00:29:41 3.4.1.1 Readings
00:30:48 3.4.2 Dust storms
00:31:25 4 Politics and government
00:32:17 4.1 Administrative divisions
00:32:48 4.1.1 Towns
00:33:35 4.2 Judiciary and procuracy
00:34:45 4.3 Diplomatic missions
00:35:13 5 Economy
00:36:05 5.1 Sector composition
00:37:46 5.2 Economic zones
00:40:25 6 Demographics
00:43:53 7 Culture
00:46:13 7.1 Places of interest
00:50:55 8 Religion
00:51:57 8.1 Chinese folk religion and Taoism
00:53:46 8.2 Buddhism
00:56:16 8.3 Islam
00:57:11 8.4 Christianity
00:59:27 9 Media
00:59:36 9.1 Television and radio
01:00:16 9.2 Press
01:01:10 10 Sports
01:01:18 10.1 Events
01:03:26 10.2 Venues
01:04:05 10.3 Clubs
01:04:39 11 Transportation
01:05:02 11.1 Rail and high-speed rail
01:07:06 11.2 Roads and expressways
01:09:35 11.3 Air
01:11:43 11.4 Public transit
01:13:44 11.5 Taxi
01:15:18 11.6 Bicycles
01:16:26 12 Defense and aerospace
01:17:59 13 Nature and wildlife
01:20:23 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Beijing (;Mandarin pronunciation: [pèi.tɕíŋ] (listen)), formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's third most populous city proper, and most populous capital city. The city, located in northern China, is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of central government with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast; together the three divisions form the Jingjinji metropolitan region and the national capital region of China.Beijing is an important world capital and global power city, and one of the world's leading centers for politics, economy and business, finance, education, culture, innovation and technology, architecture, language, and diplomacy. A megacity, Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai and is the nation's political, cultural, and educational center. It is home to the headquarters of most of China's largest state-owned companies and houses the largest number of Fortune Global 500 companies in the world, as well as the world's four biggest financial institutions. It is also a major hub for the national highway, expressway, railway, and high-speed rail networks. The Beijing Capital International Airport has been the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic since 2010, and, as of 2016, the city's subway network is the busiest and second longest in the world.
Combining both modern and traditional architecture, Beijing is one of the oldest cities in the world, with a rich history dating back three millennia. As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, Beijing has been the political center of the country for most of the past eight centuries, and was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium A.D. Encyclopædia Britannica notes that few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural center of an area as immense as China. With mountains surrounding the inland city on three sides, in addition to the old inner and outer city walls, Beijing was strategically poised and developed to be the residence of the emperor and thus was the perfect location for the imperial capital. The city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, parks, gardens, tombs, walls and gates. It has seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites – the Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, Ming Tombs, Zhoukoudian, and parts of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal – all popular locatio ...
National Palace Museum
The National Palace Museum (traditional Chinese: 國立故宮博物院; simplified Chinese: 国立故宫博物院; pinyin: Guólì Gùgōng Bówùyuàn) is a museum in Shilin, Taipei, Taiwan. It has a permanent collection of more than 696,000 pieces of ancient Chinese imperial artifacts and artworks, one of the largest in the world. The collection encompasses over 10,000 years of Chinese history from the Neolithic age to the late Qing Dynasty. Most of the collection are high quality pieces collected by China's ancient emperors.
The National Palace Museum and the Palace Museum in the Forbidden City in Beijing, People's Republic of China (PRC), share the same roots. They split in two as a result of the Chinese Civil War which divided China into the two countries of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). In English, the institution in Taipei is distinguished from the one in Beijing by the additional National designation. In common usage in Chinese, the institution in Taipei is known as the Taipei Gugong (臺北故宮), while that in Beijing is known as the Beijing Gugong (北京故宮).
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
Schlacht um Peking-Tianjin
Vielen Dank für Ihre Unterstützung:
Schlacht um Peking-Tianjin
Die Schlacht um Peking-Tianjin (chinesisch 平津作戰 / 平津作战, Pinyin Píng-Jīn zuòzhàn ‚[Bei]ping-[Tian]jin-Operation‘, jap.平津作戦, Heishin sakusen) fand während des Zweiten Japanisch-Chinesischen Kriegs zwischen dem 25.und 31.Juli 1937 in der nahen Umgebung der Städte Beiping, heute Beijing (Peking), und Tianjin statt.
✪Video ist an blinde Nutzer gerichtet
✪Text verfügbar unter der Lizens CC-BY-SA
✪Bild Quelle im Video
Playlist Kriege und Schlachten im 20. Jahrhundert :
Second Sino-Japanese War | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Second Sino-Japanese War
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan from July 7, 1937, to September 2, 1945. It began with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937 in which a dispute between Japanese and Chinese troops escalated into a battle.
China fought Japan with aid from the Soviet Union and the United States. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the war merged with other conflicts of World War II as a major sector known as the China Burma India Theater. Some scholars consider the start of the full-scale Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 to have been the beginning of World War II. The Second Sino-Japanese War was the largest Asian war in the 20th century. It accounted for the majority of civilian and military casualties in the Pacific War, with between 10 and 25 million Chinese civilians and over 4 million Chinese and Japanese military personnel dying from war-related violence, famine, and other causes.
The war was the result of a decades-long Japanese imperialist policy to expand its influence politically and militarily in order to secure access to raw material reserves, food, and labor. The period after World War I brought about increasing stress on the Japanese polity. Leftists sought universal suffrage and greater rights for workers. Increasing textile production from Chinese mills was adversely affecting Japanese production. The Great Depression brought about a large slowdown in exports. All of this contributed to militant nationalism, culminating in the rise to power of a militarist fascist faction. This faction was led at its height by the Hideki Tojo cabinet of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association under edict from Emperor Hirohito. In 1931, the Mukden Incident helped spark the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. The Chinese were defeated and Japan created a new puppet state, Manchukuo; many historians cite 1931 as the beginning of the war. The view has been adopted by the PRC government. From 1931 to 1937, China and Japan continued to skirmish in small, localized engagements, so-called incidents.
Initially the Japanese scored major victories, capturing both Shanghai and the Chinese capital of Nanking in 1937. After failing to stop the Japanese in the Battle of Wuhan, the Chinese central government was relocated to Chongqing (Chungking) in the Chinese interior. By 1939, after Chinese victories in Changsha and Guangxi, and with Japan's lines of communications stretched deep into the Chinese interior, the war reached a stalemate. The Japanese were also unable to defeat the Chinese communist forces in Shaanxi, which waged a campaign of sabotage and guerrilla warfare against the invaders. While Japan ruled the large cities, they lacked sufficient manpower to control China's vast countryside. During this time, Chinese communist forces launched a counter offensive in Central China while Chinese nationalist forces launched a large scale winter offensive.
On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, and the following day the United States declared war on Japan. The United States began to aid China by airlifting material over the Himalayas after the Allied defeat in Burma that closed the Burma Road. In 1944 Japan launched the invasion, Operation Ichi-Go, that conquered Henan and Changsha. However, this failed to bring about the surrender of Chinese forces. In 1945, the Chinese Expeditionary Force resumed its advance in Burma and completed the Ledo Road linking India to China. At the same time, China launched large counteroffensives in South China and retook West Hunan and Guangxi.
Despite continuing to occupy part of China's territory, Japan eventually surrendered on September 2, 1945, to Allied forces following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Soviet invasion of Japanese-held Manchuria. The remaining Japanese occupation forces (excluding Manchuria) for ...
National Palace Museum | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:38 1 History
00:00:47 1.1 Establishment in Beijing and relocation
00:02:22 1.2 Evacuation to Taiwan
00:07:13 2 Museum building
00:07:22 2.1 Northern Branch
00:08:36 2.2 Southern Branch
00:09:46 3 Collections
00:09:55 3.1 Statistics
00:11:07 3.2 Notable items
00:11:28 3.2.1 Metalwork
00:11:58 3.2.2 Ceramics
00:12:45 3.2.3 Carvings
00:14:06 3.2.4 Painting and calligraphy
00:15:17 3.2.5 Rare books and documents
00:16:08 3.3 Gallery
00:16:17 4 Overseas exhibitions
00:19:23 5 Other visitor facilities
00:19:32 5.1 Zhishan Garden
00:20:15 5.2 Chang Dai-chien residence
00:20:57 5.3 Grand Palace Museum Project
00:21:21 6 Directors
00:22:19 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The National Palace Museum, located in Taipei and Taibao, Taiwan, has a permanent collection of nearly 700,000 pieces of ancient Chinese imperial artifacts and artworks, making it one of the largest of its type in the world. The collection encompasses 8,000 years of history of Chinese art from the Neolithic age to the modern. Most of the collection are high quality pieces collected by China's emperors. The National Palace Museum shares its roots with the Palace Museum in the Forbidden City, whose extensive collection of artwork and artifacts were built upon the imperial collections of the Ming and Qing dynasties.