Century Village Museum

Century Village Historical Park: Grove City, Ohio

The Century Village Historical Park is located on Orders Road near Fryer Park in Grove City, Ohio

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Rosenfeld

The Rosenfeld Collection, acquired in 1984 by Mystic Seaport, is one of the largest archives of maritime photographs in the United States. This Collection of nearly one million pieces documents the period from 1881 to the present. Images are captured in a variety of formats, from glass plate negatives to color transparencies, and from glossy prints to photographic murals. The Collection represents the evolution of photographic technology and developments in the maritime industry over the last century.

The Rosenfeld Collection is built on the inventory of the Morris Rosenfeld & Sons photographic business, which was located in New York City from 1910 until the late 1970s. The firm grew as Morris' sons David, Stanley, and William joined the business. Although they became famous as yachting photographers, the early work of the Rosenfelds included assignments for such firms as the New York-based entities of the Bell System (currently known as AT&T, Western Electric, and Bell Telephone Laboratories) from the 1910's through the 1940's.

Even though the Rosenfelds maintained a busy schedule, they always made time for yachting photography. As a result, the America's Cup Races are fully represented from 1885 to 1992. The early America's Cup images, from 1885 to 1910, are from separate collections acquired by Morris Rosenfeld. These collections of remarkable glass plate images are the work of Arthur F. Aldridge, Charles Edwin Bolles, James Burton and Edwin J. Carpenter. It should be noted that these collections also contain images of subjects as varied as socialites participating in leisure activities, steam yachts, battleships, and riverboats on the Ohio River.

The America's Cup races, starting in 1920, were exhaustively covered by the Rosenfelds themselves. As a family of photographers, they quickly became a part of the America's Cup tradition. The respect they received from some of the greatest yachtsmen of the day gave them unusually close access to races, and the result is a remarkably dynamic and often intimate view of the sport.

A broad spectrum of competitive sailing is also reflected in the Rosenfeld Collection. Images of children participating in sailing lessons are housed next to views of maxi-boats competing on the international circuit.

The world of powerboating, both competitive and recreational, received equal attention from the Rosenfelds. The development of powerboat racing in America is chronicled in the Collection. Of particular interest to powerboat historians is the Collection's extensive coverage of early Gold Cup and Harmsworth Trophy Races.

Due to the chronological arrangement of the negatives in the Collection, the evolution of sail, hull and engine design across the span of more than a century can be observed by the researcher.

Today, the Rosenfeld Collection is stored in a climate-controlled vault in the new Mystic Seaport Collections Research Center. Image content as well as photographers' notes from the prints and the negative sleeves are currently being catalogued and entered into the museum's computer data base. Approximately ninety-seven thousand images have been catalogued by Rosenfeld Collection staff, assisted by volunteers. Sixty-seven thousand images, captured from both prints and negatives, are available in video disc form for research purposes.

Currently the Rosenfeld Collection staff is involved in the preservation of negatives and prints. The goal is to transfer all of the historic images, many of which are presently in acidic storage housing, into archival storage containers. This task will help to retard the deterioration common to all photographic materials.
Research Services

Mystic Seaport encourages the use of the Collection for research purposes. Inquiries are handled through staff researchers by letter, fax, email, or scheduled office appointment. Fees are charged for research services.
Reproductions of Rosenfeld Images

Reproductions of Rosenfeld images are available to the public, for both personal and commercial uses. Prints generated by the Mystic Seaport Photography Department are used for a variety of purposes, including book illustrations, corporate brochures and promotions, exhibitions, and personal and scholarly research. Print reproduction fees and image use fees for commercial uses, will be quoted upon request.

Rosenfeld Collection images are also available for exhibitions and permanent installations. Selections from an inventory of over one hundred and forty 16 x 20 matted and framed photographs are available for exhibitions and traveling shows.

Please note that Rosenfeld Collection fees and reproduction revenue go into a Museum fund for the preservation of the existing collection.

UIUC Scholarship and the University of Illinois Press: A Century of Partnerships on Campus

Wednesday, February 21, 2018
University of Illinois Library Archives, Rm 146

Julie Laut, and UIP journals editors Charles D. Wright (Journal of English and Germanic Philology), Antony Augoustakis (Illinois Classical Studies), and Laura Hetrick (Visual Arts Research)

Cleveland | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:



00:01:53 1 History
00:11:06 2 Geography
00:11:15 2.1 Topography
00:12:43 2.2 Cityscape
00:12:51 2.2.1 Architecture
00:15:10 2.2.2 Neighborhoods
00:18:03 2.2.3 Suburbs
00:18:46 2.3 Climate
00:21:43 3 Demographics
00:21:52 3.1 2010 census
00:24:43 3.2 2000 census
00:29:57 3.3 Languages
00:31:07 4 Economy
00:34:18 5 Culture
00:34:27 5.1 Performing arts
00:38:45 5.2 Film and television
00:46:21 5.3 Literature
00:50:25 5.4 Cuisine
00:53:07 5.5 Tourism
00:56:47 6 Sports
01:03:12 7 Parks and gardens
01:04:42 8 Law and government
01:07:24 8.1 Crime
01:12:51 8.1.1 Consent decree with Department of Justice
01:16:35 8.2 Fire department
01:18:11 9 Education
01:18:21 9.1 Public schools
01:19:25 9.2 Private and Parochial Schools
01:20:12 9.3 Colleges and universities
01:21:18 10 Media
01:21:27 10.1 Print
01:22:55 10.2 Television
01:24:44 10.3 Radio
01:27:48 11 Infrastructure
01:27:58 11.1 Healthcare
01:28:44 11.2 Transportation
01:29:21 11.2.1 Airports
01:30:38 11.2.2 Seaport
01:31:00 11.2.3 Railroads
01:31:49 11.2.4 Transit systems
01:33:43 11.2.5 Inter-city bus lines
01:34:39 11.2.6 Roads
01:35:53 11.2.7 Freeways
01:38:14 11.2.8 Walkability
01:39:02 12 Sister cities and international relations
01:39:34 13 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:

Other Wikipedia audio articles at:

Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:

Speaking Rate: 0.7726477328450836
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D


I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Cleveland ( KLEEV-lənd) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio, and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. The city proper has a population of 388,072, making it the 51st-largest city in the United States, and the second-largest city in Ohio. Greater Cleveland is ranked as the 32nd-largest metropolitan area in the U.S., with 2,055,612 people in 2016. The city anchors the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, which had a population of 3,515,646 in 2010 and is ranked 15th in the United States.
The city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles (100 kilometers) west of the Ohio-Pennsylvania state border. It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River. It became a manufacturing center due to its location on both the river and the lake shore, as well as being connected to numerous canals and railroad lines. Cleveland's economy relies on diversified sectors such as manufacturing, financial services, healthcare (such as the Cleveland Clinic and University Hospitals), and biomedicals. Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Cleveland residents are called Clevelanders. The city has many nicknames, the oldest of which in contemporary use being The Forest City.

Cleveland, Ohio | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Cleveland, Ohio


00:01:25 1 History
00:08:34 2 Geography
00:08:43 2.1 Topography
00:09:52 2.2 Cityscape
00:10:01 2.2.1 Architecture
00:11:51 2.2.2 Neighborhoods
00:14:01 2.2.3 Suburbs
00:14:36 2.3 Climate
00:16:54 3 Demographics
00:17:03 3.1 2010 census
00:19:17 3.2 2000 census
00:23:21 3.3 Languages
00:24:17 4 Economy
00:26:44 5 Culture
00:26:53 5.1 Performing arts
00:30:12 5.2 Film and television
00:36:07 5.3 Literature
00:39:18 5.4 Cuisine
00:41:23 5.5 Tourism
00:44:14 6 Sports
00:49:15 7 Parks and gardens
00:50:27 8 Law and government
00:52:34 8.1 Crime
00:56:48 8.1.1 Consent decree with Department of Justice
00:59:43 8.2 Fire department
01:01:00 9 Education
01:01:09 9.1 Public schools
01:02:00 9.2 Private and Parochial Schools
01:02:38 9.3 Colleges and universities
01:03:29 10 Media
01:03:38 10.1 Print
01:04:48 10.2 Television
01:06:14 10.3 Radio
01:08:38 11 Infrastructure
01:08:47 11.1 Healthcare
01:09:23 11.2 Transportation
01:09:54 11.2.1 Airports
01:10:54 11.2.2 Seaport
01:11:14 11.2.3 Railroads
01:11:53 11.2.4 Transit systems
01:13:23 11.2.5 Inter-city bus lines
01:14:08 11.2.6 Roads
01:15:07 11.2.7 Freeways
01:16:58 11.2.8 Walkability
01:17:36 12 Sister cities and international relations
01:18:03 13 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Cleveland ( KLEEV-lənd) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio, and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. The city proper has a population of 388,072, making it the 51st-largest city in the United States, and the second-largest city in Ohio. Greater Cleveland is ranked as the 32nd-largest metropolitan area in the U.S., with 2,055,612 people in 2016. The city anchors the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, which had a population of 3,515,646 in 2010 and is ranked 15th in the United States.
The city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles (100 kilometers) west of the Ohio-Pennsylvania state border. It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River. It became a manufacturing center due to its location on both the river and the lake shore, as well as being connected to numerous canals and railroad lines. Cleveland's economy relies on diversified sectors such as manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, and biomedicals. Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Cleveland residents are called Clevelanders. The city has many nicknames, the oldest of which in contemporary use being The Forest City.

Cleveland | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Cleveland

Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Cleveland ( KLEEV-lənd) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio, and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. The city proper has a population of 388,072, making it the 51st-largest city in the United States, and the second-largest city in Ohio. Greater Cleveland is ranked as the 32nd-largest metropolitan area in the U.S., with 2,055,612 people in 2016. The city anchors the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, which had a population of 3,515,646 in 2010 and is ranked 15th in the United States.
The city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles (100 kilometers) west of the Ohio-Pennsylvania state border. It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River. It became a manufacturing center due to its location on both the river and the lake shore, as well as being connected to numerous canals and railroad lines. Cleveland's economy relies on diversified sectors such as manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, and biomedicals. Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Cleveland residents are called Clevelanders. The city has many nicknames, the oldest of which in contemporary use being The Forest City.

St. Louis’ Mid-Century Modern Architecture: The Matter of Materials by Mary Reid Brunstrom

In the immediate post-World War II years, architects and engineers in the St. Louis region produced a significant inventory of what are now characterized as Mid-century modern buildings. Formal experimentation was prompted by the availability of materials such as structural steel, in a climate in which architecture simultaneously led and responded to the era’s search for the expression of postwar confidence and optimism embodied in phenomena in such as air travel. At the same time, architecture helped mediate the anxieties inherent the atomic age. While new materials defined a leading edge of architecture, St. Louis’ signature material brick experienced a flowering in postwar architecture such as in Eric Mendelsohn’s B’nai Amoona synagogue, producing continuity in the fabric and texture of St. Louis’ built environment. Traditional decorative materials, in particular stained glass, which constitutes a major theme of the modernist narrative, were refreshed by the incorporation of more abstracted, dynamic and modern forms used mainly but not exclusively in church architecture.

I have undertaken extensive research in the context of a recently completed catalogue essay for a Fall 2015 exhibition at the St. Louis Art Museum on Modern Design, 1935-65. The advent and adoption of new materials for building emerged as a prominent and pervasive theme in this research. For the JNEM symposium, I propose a presentation based on this research. My paper will provide a broad overview of St. Louis’ modernist architecture of the period, a format which could serve as an introduction to the region’s rich inventory of modernist buildings. My talk would encompass typologies in both the public and private domain including public memorials, recreation facilities, public and private housing, transportation, religious architecture, buildings for education, public libraries and hospitals. The talk would focus on buildings in which materials were essential elements in the search for structures that would serve modern goals and uses. I would illustrate my argument with leading examples such as Gyo Obata’s use of thin shell concrete in the Priory Chapel and the McDonnell Planetarium, Murphy and Mackey’s use of expansive plate glass at Washington University’s Olin Library, and the same firm’s pioneering use of Buckminster Fuller’s geodesic dome concept for the design of the Climatron at the Missouri Botanical Garden. Executed with triangular Plexiglass panels hung from an aluminum frame by aluminum wire, the Climatron was hailed by the national AIA as “one of the most important buildings in American architectural history.” I would of course bring in Eero Saarinen’s use of the stainless steel and concrete skin for the Gateway Arch, but unless otherwise indicated, I would not dwell on that because I imagine the material of the Arch will be more than adequately covered over the course of the symposium.

I would also explain the use of prefab buildings for the phenomenon of the housing estate, ranging from modular houses constructed on site by developers to the Lustron house trucked in from the factory in Cleveland, Ohio and assembled on site. In further elaboration of the rich array of materials that characterize building in the region at midcentury, I will briefly touch on innovations such as Cemesto wall panels, a fire-resistant combination cement and asbestos product developed for mass production during World War II and used by Charles Eames, Frank Lloyd Wright and others.

Where materials where sourced, how they were promoted in the architecture and design media, and how they were understood to convey a modern message are threads that I will take up in my paper. I will elucidate the role that certain St. Louis buildings played in the promotion of specific building materials and methods. For example, House and Home promoted tract housing based on modular wall systems developed in St. Louis by Burton Duenke in collaboration with the architect, Ralph Fournier. This approach illuminates a further important theme, namely the way in which materials helped advance architectural goals of the period such as the integration of a building’s interior and exterior.

Sherman's March 1985 (Full Documentary)

Movie loosely based on the actual Sherman's March. It's mostly about Ross McElwee(the director) and his adventures with hot southern women. He recalls seeing a atmosphere nuke test as a child, which affected his life forever. Oh, and Burt Reynolds makes an appearance! A die-hard fan got a kiss on the cheek from Burt, and her life was also greatly affected forever! Mish-mash movie, but very entertaining!

Shermans March 1986

Cleveland | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:



00:01:40 1 History
00:09:57 2 Geography
00:10:05 2.1 Topography
00:11:26 2.2 Cityscape
00:11:34 2.2.1 Architecture
00:13:39 2.2.2 Neighborhoods
00:16:14 2.2.3 Suburbs
00:16:53 2.3 Climate
00:19:27 3 Demographics
00:19:36 3.1 2010 census
00:22:09 3.2 2000 census
00:26:46 3.3 Languages
00:27:49 4 Economy
00:30:40 5 Culture
00:30:49 5.1 Performing arts
00:34:36 5.2 Film and television
00:41:27 5.3 Literature
00:45:07 5.4 Cuisine
00:47:32 5.5 Tourism
00:50:49 6 Sports
00:56:36 7 Parks and gardens
00:57:58 8 Law and government
01:00:21 8.1 Crime
01:05:16 8.1.1 Consent decree with Department of Justice
01:08:34 8.2 Fire department
01:09:51 9 Education
01:10:00 9.1 Public schools
01:10:58 9.2 Private and Parochial Schools
01:11:41 9.3 Colleges and universities
01:12:40 10 Media
01:12:49 10.1 Print
01:14:14 10.2 Television
01:15:47 10.3 Radio
01:18:26 11 Infrastructure
01:18:35 11.1 Healthcare
01:19:17 11.2 Transportation
01:19:51 11.2.1 Airports
01:20:59 11.2.2 Seaport
01:21:20 11.2.3 Railroads
01:22:04 11.2.4 Transit systems
01:23:46 11.2.5 Inter-city bus lines
01:24:36 11.2.6 Roads
01:25:43 11.2.7 Freeways
01:27:52 11.2.8 Walkability
01:28:35 11.3 Energy and climate
01:29:05 12 Sister cities and international relations
01:29:34 13 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:

Other Wikipedia audio articles at:

Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:

Speaking Rate: 0.740161690857869
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D


I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Cleveland ( KLEEV-lənd) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio, and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. The city proper has a population of 385,525, making it the 51st-largest city in the United States, and the second-largest city in Ohio. Greater Cleveland is ranked as the 32nd-largest metropolitan area in the U.S., with 2,055,612 people in 2016. The city anchors the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, which had a population of 3,515,646 in 2010 and is ranked 15th in the United States.
The city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles (100 kilometers) west of the Ohio-Pennsylvania state border. It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River. It became a manufacturing center due to its location on both the river and the lake shore, as well as being connected to numerous canals and railroad lines. Cleveland's economy relies on diversified sectors such as manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, and biomedicals. Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Cleveland residents are called Clevelanders. The city has many nicknames, the oldest of which in contemporary use being The Forest City.

Detroit | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Detroit

Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Detroit (, locally also ; French: Détroit, lit. 'strait') is the largest and most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the largest city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of Wayne County. The municipality of Detroit had a 2017 estimated population of 673,104, making it the 23rd-most populous city in the United States. The metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 4.3 million people, making it the second-largest in the Midwest after the Chicago metropolitan area. Regarded as a major cultural center, Detroit is known for its contributions to music and as a repository for art, architecture and design.
Detroit is a major port located on the Detroit River, one of the four major straits that connect the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest regional economy in the Midwest, behind Chicago and ahead of Minneapolis–Saint Paul, and the 13th-largest in the United States. Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city Windsor are connected through a tunnel and the Ambassador Bridge, the busiest international crossing in North America. Detroit is best known as the center of the U.S. automobile industry, and the Big Three auto manufacturers General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler are all headquartered in Metro Detroit.
In 1701, Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founded Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit, the future city of Detroit. During the 19th century, it became an important industrial hub at the center of the Great Lakes region. With expansion of the auto industry in the early 20th century, the city and its suburbs experienced rapid growth, and by the 1940s, the city had become the fourth-largest in the country. However, due to industrial restructuring, the loss of jobs in the auto industry, and rapid suburbanization, Detroit lost considerable population from the late 20th century to the present. Since reaching a peak of 1.85 million at the 1950 census, Detroit's population has declined by more than 60 percent. In 2013, Detroit became the largest U.S. city to file for bankruptcy, which it successfully exited in December 2014, when the city government regained control of Detroit's finances.Detroit's diverse culture has had both local and international influence, particularly in music, with the city giving rise to the genres of Motown and techno, and playing an important role in the development of jazz, hip-hop, rock, and punk music. The erstwhile rapid growth of Detroit left a globally unique stock of architectural monuments and historic places, and since the 2000s conservation efforts managed to save many architectural pieces and allowed several large-scale revitalizations, including the restoration of several historic theatres and entertainment venues, high-rise renovations, new sports stadiums, and a riverfront revitalization project. More recently, the population of Downtown Detroit, Midtown Detroit, and various other neighborhoods has increased. An increasingly popular tourist destination, Detroit receives 19 million visitors per year. In 2015, Detroit was named a City of Design by UNESCO, the first U.S. city to receive that designation.

Native Report - Season 10 Episode 2

Today on Native Report small fragments reveal much about a time long passed at the Indian College at Colonial Harvard. Come with us as we visit the Peabody Museum at Harvard University. Then meet Robert Anderson, nationally known for his expertise in Native American legal issues and Visiting Professor at Harvard Law School. Then in celebration of our tenth year on the air a look back at a story about how tribes go through the federal recognition process. We also hear from our Elders and something new about Indian Country on this edition of Native Report.

Native Report is hosted by Stacey Thunder and Tadd Johnson. Learn more at

L. RON HUBBARD - WikiVidi Documentary

Lafayette Ronald Hubbard , better known as L. Ron Hubbard and often referred to by his initials, LRH, was an American author and the founder of the Church of Scientology. After establishing a career as a writer, becoming best known for his science fiction and fantasy stories, he developed a system called Dianetics which was first expounded in book form in May 1950. He subsequently developed his ideas into a wide-ranging set of doctrines and practices as part of a new religious movement that he called Scientology. His writings became the guiding texts for the Church of Scientology and a number of affiliated organizations that address such diverse topics as business administration, literacy and drug rehabilitation. The Church's dissemination of these materials led to Hubbard being listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the most translated and published author in the world. The Guinness World Record for the most audio books published for one author is also held by Hubbard. In 20...


____________________________________
Shortcuts to chapters:
00:05:29: Early life
00:14:09: University and explorations
00:20:08: Early literary career and Alaskan expedition
00:30:48: Military career
00:39:29: Occult involvement in Pasadena
00:44:43: Origins of Dianetics
00:51:48: From Dianetics to Scientology
01:02:11: Rise of Scientology
01:13:27: Controversies and crises
01:22:14: Commodore of the Sea Org
01:28:41: Life in hiding
01:37:25: Death and legacy
01:47:58: Biographies
____________________________________


Copyright WikiVidi.
Licensed under Creative Commons.
Wikipedia link:

Kevin Starr: The Sutro Library Mirror for Global California

Abraham Lincoln | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Abraham Lincoln

Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the U.S. through the American Civil War, its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy.
Born in Hodgenville, Kentucky, Lincoln grew up on the western frontier in Kentucky and Indiana. Largely self-educated, he became a lawyer in Illinois, a Whig Party leader, and was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives, in which he served for eight years. Elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1846, Lincoln promoted rapid modernization of the economy and opposed the Mexican–American War.
After a single term, he returned to Illinois and resumed his successful law practice. Reentering politics in 1854, he became a leader in building the new Republican Party, which had a statewide majority in Illinois. As part of the 1858 campaign for US Senator from Illinois, Lincoln took part in a series of highly publicized debates with his opponent and rival, Democrat Stephen A. Douglas; Lincoln spoke out against the expansion of slavery, but lost the race to Douglas.
In 1860, Lincoln secured the Republican Party presidential nomination as a moderate from a swing state, though most delegates originally favored other candidates. Though he gained very little support in the slaveholding states of the South, he swept the North and was elected president in 1860.
Though there were attempts to bridge the differences between North and South, ultimately Lincoln's victory prompted seven southern slave states to secede from the United States and form the Confederate States of America before he moved into the White House. U.S. troops refused to leave Fort Sumter, a fort located in Charleston, South Carolina, after the secession of the Southern States.
The resulting Confederate attack on Fort Sumter inspired the North to rally behind the Union. As the leader of the moderate faction of the Republican Party, Lincoln confronted Radical Republicans, who demanded harsher treatment of the South; War Democrats, who rallied a large faction of former opponents into his camp; anti-war Democrats (called Copperheads), who despised him; and irreconcilable secessionists, who plotted his assassination.
Lincoln fought back by pitting his opponents against each other, by carefully planned political patronage and by appealing to the American people with his powers of oratory. His Gettysburg Address became an iconic endorsement of nationalism, republicanism, equal rights, liberty, and democracy. He suspended habeas corpus, leading to the controversial Ex parte Merryman decision, and he averted potential British intervention by defusing the Trent Affair.
Lincoln closely supervised the war effort, especially the selection of generals, including his most successful general, Ulysses S. Grant. He made major decisions on Union war strategy, including a naval blockade that shut down the South's trade. As the war progressed, his complex moves toward ending slavery included the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863; Lincoln used the U.S. Army to protect escaped slaves, encouraged the border states to outlaw slavery, and pushed through Congress the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which permanently outlawed slavery.
An astute politician deeply involved with power issues in each state, Lincoln reached out to the War Democrats and managed his own re-election campaign in the 1864 presidential election. Anticipating the war's conclusion, Lincoln pushed a moderate view of Reconstruction, seeking to reunite the nation speedily through a policy of generous reconciliation in the face of lingering and bitter divisiveness.
On Ap ...

History of American newspapers | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of American newspapers

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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
The history of American newspapers begins in the early 18th century with the publication of the first colonial newspapers. American newspapers began as modest affairs—a sideline for printers. They became a political force in the campaign for American independence. Following independence the first article of U.S. Constitution guaranteed freedom of the press. The U.S. Postal Service Act of 1792 provided substantial subsidies: Newspapers were delivered up to 100 miles for a penny and beyond for 1.5 cents, when first class postage ranged from six cents to a quarter.
The American press grew rapidly during the First Party System (1790s-1810s) when both parties sponsored papers to reach their loyal partisans. From the 1830s onward, the Penny press began to play a major role in American journalism. Technological advancements such as the telegraph and faster printing presses in the 1840s also helped to expand the press of the nation as it experienced rapid economic and demographic growth. Editors typically became the local party spokesman, and hard-hitting editorials were widely reprinted.
By 1900 major newspapers had become profitable powerhouses of advocacy, muckraking and sensationalism, along with serious, and objective news-gathering. During the early 20th century, prior to rise of television, the average American read several newspapers per-day. Starting in the 1920s changes in technology again morphed the nature of American journalism as radio and later, television, began to play increasingly important competitive roles.
In the late 20th century, much of American journalism became housed in big media chains. With the coming of digital journalism in the 21st century, all newspapers faced a business crisis as readers turned to the Internet for sources and advertisers followed them.

The Juneteenth Book Festival Symposium on Black Literature & Literacy

A day-long symposium on Juneteenth, one of the oldest observances marking the end of the enslavement of African descendants in the United States. The holiday has been celebrated in Galveston, Texas, since June 19, 1865, when news of the Emancipation Proclamation first was announced in Texas. Today, Juneteenth commemorates African American freedom with an emphasis on education and literacy. The opened with a history of Juneteenth. Three panels followed on The State of Black Literature, The Stakeholders of Black Literacy and Independent Artists: Our Journey as Storytellers of the African Diaspora.

Speaker Biography: Hari Jones is curator of the African American Civil War Museum in Washington, D.C.

Speaker Biography: Haki Madhubuti is founder of of Third World Press, the longest-running independent black-owned publishing company in the U.S.

Speaker Biography: E. Ethelbert Miller is a literary activist, poet and editor.

Speaker Biography: Nikki Woods is a social media consultant and senior producer of The Tom Joyner Morning Show.

Speaker Biography: Yanick Rice-Lam is a journalist, associate professor at Howard University and co-founder of FierceforBlackWomen.com, a digital health and fitness network.

Speaker Biography: Brenda Greene is director of the National Black Writers Conference and executive director of the Center for Black Literature at Medgar Evers College of the City University of New York.

Speaker Biography: Bomani Armah is known as Mr. Read a Book and the Poet with a Hip-Hop Style.

Speaker Biography: Bahiyyah Muhammad is assistant professor of criminology at Howard University and founder of Project Iron Kids, which educates and empowers children of incarcerated parents.

Speaker Biography: Rahman Branch is former principal of Ballou High School in Washington, D.C., and the first executive director of the Office of African American Affairs in the Office of the Mayor of the District of Columbia.

Speaker Biography: Gabriel Asheru Benn is an international hip-hop artist and co-founder of Educational Lyrics, which sponsors H.E.L.P, the Hip Hop Educational Literacy Program.

Speaker Biography: Beverly East is an international forensic-document examiner and author.

Speaker Biography: Hafiz F. Shabazz is adjunct assistant professor and director of the World Music Percussion Ensemble at Dartmouth College, where he developed the Oral Tradition Musicianship course and produced more than 85 major concerts.

Speaker Biography: Haile Gerima is distinguished professor of film at Howard University and an independent Ethiopian filmmaker who produced and directed the 1993 film Sankofa.

For transcript and more information, visit

History of Minnesota | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Minnesota


00:02:20 1 Native American inhabitation
00:06:12 2 European exploration
00:11:36 3 Territorial foundation and settlement
00:11:46 3.1 Land acquisition
00:13:34 3.2 Fort Snelling and the establishment of Minneapolis and Saint Paul
00:19:16 3.3 Early European settlement and development
00:21:15 3.4 Minnesota Territory
00:22:55 3.5 Statehood
00:26:24 4 Civil War era and Dakota War of 1862
00:29:33 5 Economic and social development
00:29:43 5.1 Farming and railroad development
00:33:51 5.2 Industrial development
00:35:34 5.3 Mayo Clinic
00:36:55 5.4 Urbanization and government
00:38:46 5.5 Great Depression
00:41:52 6 Modern Minnesota
00:42:01 6.1 Arts and culture
00:44:05 6.2 Minnesota in World War II
00:46:21 6.3 Modern economy
00:48:11 6.4 The digital state
00:49:40 6.5 Postwar politics
00:57:59 7 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
The history of the U.S. state of Minnesota is shaped by its original Native American residents, European exploration and settlement, and the emergence of industries made possible by the state's natural resources. Minnesota achieved prominence through fur trading, logging, and farming, and later through railroads, and iron mining. While those industries remain important, the state's economy is now driven by banking, computers, and health care.
The earliest known settlers followed herds of large game to the region during the last glacial period. They preceded the Anishinaabe, the Dakota, and other Native American inhabitants. Fur traders from France arrived during the 17th century. Europeans moving west during the 19th century, drove out most of the Native Americans. Fort Snelling, built to protect United States territorial interests, brought early settlers to the area. Early settlers used Saint Anthony Falls for powering sawmills in the area that became Minneapolis, while others settled downriver in the area that became Saint Paul.
Minnesota gained legal existence as the Minnesota Territory in 1849, and became the 32nd U.S. state on May 11, 1858. After the upheaval of the American Civil War and the Dakota War of 1862, the state's economy started to develop when natural resources were tapped for logging and farming. Railroads attracted immigrants, established the farm economy, and brought goods to market. The power provided by St. Anthony Falls spurred the growth of Minneapolis, and the innovative milling methods gave it the title of the milling capital of the world.
New industry came from iron ore, discovered in the north, mined relatively easily from open pits, and shipped to Great Lakes steel mills from the ports at Duluth and Two Harbors. Economic development and social changes led to an expanded role for state government and a population shift from rural areas to cities. The Great Depression brought layoffs in mining and tension in labor relations but New Deal programs helped the state. After World War II, Minnesota became known for technology, fueled by early computer companies Sperry Rand, Control Data and Cray. The Twin Cities also became a regional center for the arts with cultural institutions such as the Guthrie Theater, Minnesota Orchestra, and the Walker Art Center.

Technological and industrial history of the United States | Wikipedia audio article | Wikipedia ...

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Technological and industrial history of the United States | Wikipedia audio article

Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
The technological and industrial history of the United States describes the United States' emergence as one of the most technologically advanced nations in the world. The availability of land and literate labor, the absence of a landed aristocracy, the prestige of entrepreneurship, the diversity of climate and a large easily accessed upscale and literate free market all contributed to America's rapid industrialisation. The availability of capital, development by the free market of navigable rivers, and coastal waterways, and the abundance of natural resources facilitated the cheap extraction of energy all contributed to America's rapid industrialization. Fast transport by the very large railroad built in the mid-19th century, and the Interstate Highway System built in the late 20th century, enlarged the markets and reducing shipping and production costs. The legal system facilitated business operations and guaranteed contracts. Cut off from Europe by the embargo and the British blockade in the War of 1812 (1807–15), entrepreneurs opened factories in the Northeast that set the stage for rapid industrialization modeled on British innovations.
From its emergence as an independent nation, the United States has encouraged science and innovation. As a result, the United States has been the birthplace of 161 of Britannica's 321 Greatest Inventions, including items such as the airplane, internet, microchip, laser, cellphone, refrigerator, email, microwave, personal computer, Liquid-crystal display and light-emitting diode technology, air conditioning, assembly line, supermarket, bar code, automated teller machine, and many more.The early technological and industrial development in the United States was facilitated by a unique confluence of geographical, social, and economic factors. The relative lack of workers kept United States wages nearly always higher than corresponding British and European workers and provided an incentive to mechanize some tasks. The United States population had some semi-unique advantages in that they were former British subjects, had high English literacy skills, for that period (over 80% in New England), had strong British institutions, with some minor American modifications, of courts, laws, right to vote, protection of property rights and in many cases personal contacts among the British innovators of the Industrial Revolution. They had a good basic structure to build on. Another major advantage, which the British lacked, was no inherited aristocratic institutions. The eastern seaboard of the United States, with a great number of rivers and streams along the Atlantic seaboard, provided many potential sites for constructing textile mills necessary for early industrialization. The technology and information on how to build a textile industry was largely provided by Samuel Slater (1768–1835) who emigrated to New England in 1789. He had studied and worked in British textile mills for a number of years and immigrated to the United States, despite restrictions against it, to try his luck with U.S. manufacturers who were trying to set up a textile industry. He was offered a full partnership if he could succeed—he did. A vast supply of natural resources, the technological knowledge on how to build and power the necessary machines along with a labor supply of mobile workers, often unmarried females, all aided early industrialization. The broad knowledge of the Industrial Revolution and Scientific revolution helped facilitate understanding for the construction and invention of new manufacturing businesses and technologies. A limited government that would allow them to succeed or fail on their own merit helped.
After the close of the American Revolution in 1783, the new government continued the strong property rights established under British rule and established a rule of law necessary to protect those pro ...

Jazz | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:



00:03:44 1 Etymology and definition
00:07:58 2 Elements and issues
00:08:08 2.1 Improvisation
00:11:14 2.2 Tradition and race
00:13:37 2.3 Roles of women
00:15:18 3 Origins and early history
00:16:01 3.1 Blended African and European music sensibilities
00:20:11 3.2 African rhythmic retention
00:23:15 3.3 Afro-Cuban influence
00:26:20 3.4 Ragtime
00:29:29 3.5 Blues
00:29:38 3.5.1 African genesis
00:31:11 3.5.2 W. C. Handy: early published blues
00:33:43 3.6 New Orleans
00:36:24 3.6.1 Syncopation
00:38:57 3.7 Swing in the early 20th century
00:42:07 3.8 Other regions
00:43:26 4 The Jazz Age
00:49:52 4.1 Swing in the 1920s and 1930s
00:51:53 4.2 The influence of Duke Ellington
00:54:12 4.3 Beginnings of European jazz
00:56:50 5 Post-war jazz
01:03:19 5.1 Bebop
01:11:46 5.2 Afro-Cuban jazz (cu-bop)
01:11:57 5.2.1 Machito and Mario Bauza
01:13:38 5.2.2 Dizzy Gillespie and Chano Pozo
01:15:55 5.2.3 African cross-rhythm
01:17:44 5.3 Dixieland revival
01:19:24 5.4 Hard bop
01:20:34 5.5 Modal jazz
01:22:47 5.6 Free jazz
01:27:33 5.6.1 Free jazz in Europe
01:29:29 5.7 Latin jazz
01:31:59 5.7.1 Afro-Cuban jazz renaissance
01:34:27 5.7.2 Afro-Brazilian jazz
01:36:26 5.8 African-inspired
01:36:35 5.8.1 Themes
01:38:25 5.8.2 Rhythm
01:40:24 5.8.3 Pentatonic scales
01:43:10 5.9 Jazz fusion
01:44:24 5.9.1 Miles Davis' new directions
01:45:49 5.9.2 Psychedelic-jazz
01:45:58 5.9.2.1 Weather Report
01:47:45 5.9.3 Jazz-rock
01:50:17 5.10 Jazz-funk
01:52:11 5.11 Traditionalism in the 1980s
01:59:46 5.12 Smooth jazz
02:01:56 5.13 Acid jazz, nu jazz, and jazz rap
02:05:19 5.14 Punk jazz and jazzcore
02:07:02 5.15 M-Base
02:08:23 5.16 1990s–present
02:14:31 6 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

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- improves your listening skills
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

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Speaking Rate: 0.7866740414266946
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B


I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States. It originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime. Jazz is seen by many as America's classical music. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression. It then emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African-American and European-American musical parentage with a performance orientation. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of America's original art forms.As jazz spread around the world, it drew on national, regional, and local musical cultures, which gave rise to different styles. New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, a hard-swinging, bluesy, improvisational style and Gypsy jazz (a style that emphasized musette waltzes) were the prominent styles. Bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musician's music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed near the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, linear melodic lines.
The 1950s saw the emergence of free jazz, which explored playing without regular meter, beat and formal structures, and in the mid-1950s, hard bop emerged, which introduced influences from rhythm and blues, gospel, and blues, especially in the saxophone and piano playing. Modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or ...

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