JASNA GORA BLACK MADONNA Czestochowa Poland
FROM WHEELCHAIR NOMAD DIARY... 2003 PP
We drove to the cathedral, called Jasna Gora or the illuminated hill. My guidebook gave me insight into the significance of this site for the Polish. The church contains a painting of the Virgin Mary and baby Jesus, on a wooden board, painted in the Byzantine icon style of the sixth to ninth century. It was donated to the Pauline Monks in 1382 with a gift of an elevated two hundred and ninety three-metre limestone hill with chapel in Czestochowa near the Warta River. Catholic myth accepts that Christ’s disciple Saint Luke did the painting on a tabletop during dinner with the holy family. Prayer to this picture of Saint Mary, as mother of Jesus, is believed to lead to Saint Mary becoming ‘mother of every man,’ ...
DON PUGH
Heroic bishop Michal Kozal - German Nazis executed him at Dachau Concentration Camp during WW2
Blessed Michał Kozal (27 September 1893 – 26 January 1943) was a Polish Roman Catholic bishop.[1] Kozal was noted for his intelligence and dedication to studies and studied to become a priest during World War I, which disrupted his studies but did not prevent his ordination in 1918; he gained fame for his abilities and rose to several positions that superiors endowed upon him all culminating in being named a Monsignor in 1932 and then appointed to the episcopate in 1939 just before World War II started. But his pastoral mission as a bishop did not last long since the Nazi forces arrested and tortured him and sent him to Dachau where he died after being injected with a lethal substance.
His beatification was celebrated in Poland on 14 June 1987 after Pope John Paul II had made his apostolic visit to that nation.
Kozal was born on 27 September 1893 in Congress Poland to the peasants Jan Kozal and Marianna Płaczek. His father married in 1888 to his mother, who was widowed with five children at the time; Kozal had six siblings, including brother Wojciech, who participated in the Greater Poland Uprising and the Polish-Bolshevik War, in which he was killed at Grodno in 1920.
Kozal commenced his education on 27 April 1905 at Krotoszyn and at one stage participated in a student strike to take action against the forced Germanization and the forced teaching of the German language. He passed his examinations in 1914 and was offered further studies but rejected the offer to instead pursue a path to the priesthood first in Poznan and then in Gniezno for theological and philosophical studies. Kozal was ordained to the priesthood in the Gniezno Cathedral in 1918. On 1 June 1920 he was appointed as the administrator of the Saint Nicholas parish until 1923 and around this time collaborated with the Catholic Action movement and the Polish Red Cross. Cardinal Edmund Dalbor – in 1923 – moved him to Białośliwiu as a parish priest and that April served as a catechist and teacher as well. Cardinal August Hlond – on 1 November 1927 – placed him in a leadership position at Gniezno in addition to serving as a theological and liturgical studies professor; he was appointed as the rector on 25 September 1929. In 1932 he became titled as a Monsignor after Cardinal Hlond sought papal approval for this.
Pope Pius XII – on 10 June 1939 – appointed him as the Titular Bishop of Lappa and the Auxiliary Bishop of Włocławek, and he received his episcopal consecration as such the following 13 August in the Włocławek Cathedral. The outbreak of World War II saw him tend to the wounded victims and those who were displaced due to the war and the Polish invasion; he was expelled from his diocese when the Germans arrived on 14 September 1939, and one German warned him to leave lest he risk being killed. The Gestapo called him and a fellow priest forward in October 1939 and instructed them to preach in German, but both refused; both said German was not well understood among the people, so the Gestapo ordered sermons to be submitted for translation, but again the two refused to do this.
The Gestapo arrested him and 44 other priests and seminarians on 7 November 1939, and he was tortured and jailed in his diocese; he was later moved to Lad before being sent to both Szczeglin and Berlin before the fatal transfer to Dachau, from which he would never again leave. He was locked in confinement where the guards tried to break his resolve when banging on the doors with the butts of their rifles. On 16 January 1940 he was relocated to a Cistercian convent turned camp for a brief imprisonment and suffered frostbite on his ears and nose during the cold in his transfer; he was there until 3 April 1941 when moved to Inowrocław. It was there he was beaten upon arrival, and his first interrogation saw him suffer an inflamed ear due to the severe torture; he received the prisoner number 24544 on 25 April 1941. Kozal never shirked from his duties and spent his time in imprisonment ministering to fellow prisoners despite extensive abuse he received from the guards at the camp.
Bishop Kozal suffered from typhoid, and his situation grew worse on 17 January 1943; on 26 January the Nazi doctor Joseph Sneiss gave him a lethal injection of phenol in his right arm, and his remains were cremated in the camp's crematorium on 30 January. His death was announced on Polish radio on 1 February. Kozal's paternal cousin Czeslaw was also a prisoner and heard the words Sneiss said to the bishop before his murder: Now the way to eternity will be easier.
Marian Shrines WYD 2016
Marian Shrines pilgrims from the Sydney Archdiocese travel across Europe to visit holy sites that hold strong reverence for the Blessed Virgin Mary. Journey with us as we travel to Lisbon, Fátima, Salamanca, Azpeitia, Lourdes, Toulouse, Rome, Częstochowa, Kraków (Word Youth Day) and Zakopane.
Camera: GoPro Hero
Music: Salve Regina Gregorian Chant, Alive Again - Matt Maher
All visual content is mine. Music is not.
Thanks for your time, God Bless.
Poles | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:17 1 Origins
00:04:32 2 Statistics
00:08:10 3 Culture
00:11:01 3.1 Language
00:13:23 3.2 Science and technology
00:19:06 3.3 Music
00:20:20 3.3.1 17th–18th centuries
00:23:30 3.3.2 Traditional music
00:25:03 3.4 Literature
00:25:36 3.4.1 Middle Ages
00:28:15 3.4.2 Renaissance
00:30:54 3.4.3 Baroque
00:32:22 3.4.4 Enlightenment
00:34:16 3.4.5 Romanticism
00:36:25 3.4.6 Positivism
00:37:45 3.4.7 Young Poland (1890–1918)
00:38:45 3.4.8 Restored independence (1918–39)
00:39:39 3.4.9 After 1945
00:41:14 4 Theatre and cinema
00:43:49 5 Religion
00:46:21 6 Exonyms
00:47:02 7 Ethnography
00:47:12 7.1 Central Poles
00:47:53 7.2 Greater Poles
00:49:12 7.3 Kuyavians
00:49:55 7.4 Lesser Poles
00:51:29 7.5 Masovians
00:53:46 7.6 Northern Poles
00:55:11 7.7 Pomeranians
00:57:02 7.8 Silesians
01:00:02 7.9 Eastern Kresy
01:01:08 7.10 National minorities
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Poles (Polish: Polacy, pronounced [pɔˈlat͡sɨ]; singular masculine: Polak, singular feminine: Polka), commonly referred to as the Polish people, are a nation and West Slavic ethnic group native to Poland in Central Europe who share a common ancestry, culture, history, and are native speakers of the Polish language. The population of self-declared Poles in Poland is estimated at 37,394,000 out of an overall population of 38,538,000 (based on the 2011 census), of whom 36,522,000 declared Polish alone.A wide-ranging Polish diaspora (the Polonia) exists throughout Europe, the Americas, and in Australasia. Today, the largest urban concentrations of Poles are within the Warsaw and Silesian metropolitan areas.
Poland's history dates back over a thousand years, to c. 930–960 AD, when the Polans – an influential West Slavic tribe in the Greater Poland region, now home to such cities as Poznań, Gniezno, Kalisz, Konin and Września – united various Lechitic tribes under what became the Piast dynasty, thus creating the Polish state. The subsequent Christianization of Poland, in 966 CE, marked Poland's advent to the community of Western Christendom.
Poles have made important contributions to the world in every major field of human endeavor. Notable Polish émigrés – many of them forced from their homeland by historic vicissitudes – have included physicists Marie Skłodowska Curie and Joseph Rotblat, mathematician Stanisław Ulam, pianists Fryderyk Chopin and Arthur Rubinstein, actresses Helena Modjeska and Pola Negri, novelist Joseph Conrad, military leaders Tadeusz Kościuszko and Casimir Pulaski, U.S. National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, politician Rosa Luxemburg, filmmakers Samuel Goldwyn and the Warner Brothers, cartoonist Max Fleischer, and cosmeticians Helena Rubinstein and Max Factor.
Zając Brass Band na Julifest 2015 Piekary Śląskie
Występ zespołu orkiestry dętej Zając Brass Band podczas II. biesiady Julifest 2015 w Piekarach Śląskich, Dąbrówka Wielka.
Impreza organizowana przez pub CLUB facebook.com/theCLU3
Poles | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Poles
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Poles (Polish: Polacy, pronounced [pɔˈlat͡sɨ]; singular masculine: Polak, singular feminine: Polka), commonly referred to as the Polish people, are a nation and West Slavic ethnic group native to Poland in Central Europe who share a common ancestry, culture, history, and are native speakers of the Polish language. The population of self-declared Poles in Poland is estimated at 37,394,000 out of an overall population of 38,538,000 (based on the 2011 census), of whom 36,522,000 declared Polish alone.A wide-ranging Polish diaspora (the Polonia) exists throughout Europe, the Americas, and in Australasia. Today the largest urban concentrations of Poles are within the Warsaw and Silesian metropolitan areas.
Poland's history dates back over a thousand years, to c. 930–960 AD, when the Polans – an influential West Slavic tribe in the Greater Poland region, now home to such cities as Poznań, Gniezno, Kalisz, Konin and Września – united various Lechitic tribes under what became the Piast dynasty, thus creating the Polish state. The subsequent Christianization of Poland, in 966 CE, marked Poland's advent to the community of Western Christendom.
Poles have made important contributions to the world in every major field of human endeavor. Notable Polish émigrés – many of them forced from their homeland by historic vicissitudes – have included physicists Marie Skłodowska Curie and Joseph Rotblat, mathematician Stanisław Ulam, pianists Fryderyk Chopin and Arthur Rubinstein, actresses Helena Modjeska and Pola Negri, novelist Joseph Conrad, military leaders Tadeusz Kościuszko and Casimir Pulaski, U.S. National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, politician Rosa Luxemburg, filmmakers Samuel Goldwyn and the Warner Brothers, cartoonist Max Fleischer, and cosmeticians Helena Rubinstein and Max Factor.