Russian Orthodox Church | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Russian Orthodox Church
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Russian: Ру́сская правосла́вная це́рковь, tr. Rússkaya pravoslávnaya tsérkov), alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Russian: Моско́вский патриарха́т, tr. Moskóvskiy patriarkhát), is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian churches, since 15 October 2018 not in communion with the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. The Primate of the ROC is the Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'. The ROC, as well as the primate thereof, officially ranks fifth in the Orthodox order of precedence, immediately below the four ancient Patriarchates of the Greek Orthodox Church, those of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. The official Christianization of Kievan Rus' widely seen as the birth of the ROC is believed to have occurred in 988 through the baptism of the Kievan prince Vladimir and his people by the clergy of the Ecumenical Patriarchate whose constituent part the ROC remained for the next six centuries, while the Kievan see remained in the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate until 1686.
The ROC currently claims its exclusive jurisdiction over the Orthodox Christians, irrespective of their ethnic background, who reside in the former member republics of the Soviet Union, excluding Georgia and Armenia, although this claim is disputed in such countries as Estonia, Moldova and Ukraine and consequently parallel canonical Orthodox jurisdictions exist in those: Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church and Metropolis of Bessarabia, respectively. It also exercises ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the autonomous Church of Japan and the Orthodox Christians resident in the People's Republic of China. The ROC branches in Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Moldova and Ukraine since the 1990s enjoy various degrees of self-government, albeit short of the status of formal ecclesiastical autonomy. In Ukraine, ROC (represented by the Ukrainian Orthodox Church) has tensions with schismatic groups supported by the current government. The debate over recognition of the Orthodox church in Ukraine as autocephalous has caused tension between the Russian Church and the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.The ROC should not be confused with the Orthodox Church in America (OCA), another autocephalous Orthodox Church (since 1970, albeit not universally recognised in this status), that traces its existence in North America to the time of the Russian missionaries in Alaska (then part of the Russian Empire) in the late 18th century, and still adheres to the ROC liturgical tradition.
The ROC should also not be confused with the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (also known as the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, or ROCOR), headquartered in New York, New York, U.S.A. The ROCOR was instituted in the 1920s by Russian communities outside then Communist Russia, which refused to recognize the authority of the Moscow Patriarchate then de facto headed by Metropolitan Sergius Stragorodsky. The two Churches reconciled on May 17, 2007; the ROCOR is now a self-governing part of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Tsar | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Tsar
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Tsar ( or ; Old Church Slavonic: ц︢рь [usually written thus with a title] or цар, царь), also spelled csar, or czar, is a title used to designate East and South Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers of Eastern Europe, originally Bulgarian monarchs from 10th century onwards. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism. The term is derived from the Latin word Caesar, which was intended to mean Emperor in the European medieval sense of the term—a ruler with the same rank as a Roman emperor, holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official (the Pope or the Ecumenical Patriarch)—but was usually considered by western Europeans to be equivalent to king, or to be somewhat in between a royal and imperial rank.
Tsar and its variants were the official titles of the following states:
First Bulgarian Empire, in 919–1018
Second Bulgarian Empire, in 1185–1396
Serbian Empire, in 1346–1371
Tsardom of Russia, in 1547–1721 (replaced in 1721 by imperator, but still remaining in use, also officially in relation to several regions until 1917)
Tsardom of Bulgaria, in 1908–1946The first ruler to adopt the title tsar was Simeon I of Bulgaria. Simeon II, the last Tsar of Bulgaria, is the last person to have borne the title Tsar.
God is With Us (song of the holy prophet Isaiah)
God is with us!
Understand this, O nations, and submit yourselves for God is with us.
Hear this, even to the farthest bounds of the earth, for God is with us. Submit yourselves, O mighty ones, for God is with us. If you rise up again in your might, you will be overthrown, for God is with us. The Lord shall destroy all who take counsel together, and the word which you speak shall not abide with you, for God is with us. For we do not fear your terror, and we are not troubled, for God is with us. But we will ascribe holiness to the Lord our God, and Him will we hold in awesome fear, for God is with us. And if I put my trust in Him, He shall be my sanctification, for God is with us. I will set my hope on Him, and through Him I shall be saved -lo, I and the children whom God has given me, for God is with us. The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light; those who dwelt in a land of deep darkness - on them a light has shined, for God is with us. For unto us a Child is born; to us a Son is given, for God is with us. And the government shall be upon His shoulder, and of His peace there will be no end, for God is with us. And His name shall be called the Messenger of Great Counsel, Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, the Everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace, the Father of the World to Come, for God is with us.
Old Church Slavonic text:
С нами Бог, разумейте языцы и покаряйтеся, яко с нами Бог.
Услышите и до последних земли, яко с нами Бог. Могущии покаряйтеся, яко с нами Бог. Аще бо паки возможете, и паки побеждени будете, яко с нами Бог. И иже аще совет совещаваете, и разорит и Господь, яко с нами Бог. И слово еже аще возглаголете, не имать пребывати в вас, яко с нами Бог. Страха же вашего не имам убоятися, ниже соблазнитися, яко с нами Бог. Господа же Бога нашего святите, и Той будет вам в боязнь, яко с нами Бог. И иже аще Нань надеешися, и Той будет ти во освящение, яко с нами Бог. И уповающе будем Нань, и спасемся Его ради, яко с нами Бог. Се аз и дети, яже ми дал Бог, яко с нами Бог. Людие ходящии во тме, видеша свет велии, яко с нами Бог. Живущии во стране и сени смертней, свет восияет на вы, яко с нами Бог. Яко Отроча родися нам, Сын и дастся нам, яко с нами Бог. Ему же власть бысть на раме Его, яко с нами Бог. И миру Его несть предела, яко с нами Бог. И нарицается имя Его велика совета Ангел, яко с нами Бог. Чуден Советник, яко с нами Бог. Бог крепок, Владыка, Князь смирения, яко с нами Бог. Отец будущаго века, яко с нами Бог.
Hymn was performed by Sirin ensemble.
Icons of saints:
Sergius of Radonezh, Maximus the Greek, Marcel of Vologoda, Eleazar of Anzer, Boris and Gleb, Cyril of White Lake, Anna of Kashin, Peter/Leontius of Rostov/Theodosius of the Kiev Caves, Peter and Febronia of Murom, Arsenius of Konevets, Zosimas and Sabbatius of Solovki, Sabbas of Storozhev, Nilus of Stolben, Paphnutius of Borov, Andrian of Ondrusov, Anthony of Siya, Seraphim of Sarov, Therapontus of Vologoda, Silouan of Athos, Barlaam of Hytyn lake, Athanasius of Syandem, Herman and Gleb of Valaam, Dimitrius of Prilutsk, prince Vladimir, Anthony the Roman, Stephen of Perm', Herman of Alaska, Ignatius (Bryanchaninov), Nilus of Sora, Andrew of Radonezh, Nicitas of Novgorod, Alexis of Moscow, Basil of Moscow, Alexander of Svir
The last icon is called Church militant or Blessed is the army of God
Looking into the Language of Russians | Clint Walker | TEDxUMontana
Languages are vital for cross-cultural communication, but they also act as a repository for cultural values. We take a glimpse into the collective psyche of Russian speakers by digging in the deep layers of the Russian language.
Clint Walker received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. An Associate Professor of Russian at the University of Montana, he teaches courses in language, literature and cinema. His research interests include 19th century Russian prose and how Moscow is reflected as a cultural space in 20th century literature and film.
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at
O Lord, Crown them with Glory & Honor (Part 2)
Speaker is Mr. Vitaly Permiakov, Mth. O Lord, Crown them with Glory & Honor -- Liturgical Development of the Orthodox Sacrament of Holy Matrimony is a presentation from the Married Couple Retreat entitled The Orthodox Family in the Modern Age, held at the University of Notre Dame Sacred Heart Retreat Center on March 16-17, 2007, and sponsored by the Department of Christian Education of the Serbian Orthodox Midwestern Metropolitanate, Libertyville, IL. Video courtesy of Rev. Fr. Mile Subotic, Saints Peter & Paul Serbian Orthodox Church, South Bend, IN Voice of Orthodox Christianity.
Mr. Vitaly Permiakov, Mth is a recent graduate for Master of Theology from St. Vladimir's Seminary in New York, NY. Mr. Permiakov is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Notre Dame, specializing in Liturgical Theology. He is a member of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Russia - Yeltsin Unveils Manifesto
T/I: 10:15:24
Boris Yeltsin unveiled a re-election manifesto on Friday (31/5)
that pledges further reforms to create a normal way of life for
the Russian people. Campaigning in the Urals city of Perm, Yeltsin appealed to the people to make the 'right choice' and vote for him in the June 16 presidential elections.
SHOWS:
PERM, URALS, RUSSIA 31/5
Wreath-laying ceremony;
Russian president Boris Yeltsin at memorial;
WS of conference hall;
Yeltsin outlines the main principles of his programme;
Russian SOT: The main aim of my programme is a normal way of life
for every person, for every family, for our society and for the
state, without revolution, without upheaval, simply normal life.
Second SOT: Peace came to Chechnya.
Third SOT: Make the right choice and you can rely on me.
Applause from conference goers;
2.08
You can license this story through AP Archive:
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Tsar
Tsar (Old Church Slavonic: ц︢рь (usually written thus with a tilda) or цaрь) is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism. The term is derived from the Latin word Caesar, which was intended to mean Emperor in the European medieval sense of the term - a ruler with the same rank as a Roman emperor, holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official (the Pope or the Ecumenical Patriarch) - but was usually considered by western Europeans to be equivalent to king, or to be somewhat in between a royal and imperial rank.
Occasionally, the word could be used to designate other, secular, supreme rulers. In Russia and Bulgaria the imperial connotations of the term were blurred with time, due to the medieval translations of the Bible, and, by the 19th century, it had come to be viewed as an equivalent of King.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
Романовы. Фильм Восьмой. StarMedia. Babich-Design. Документальный Фильм
Все серии (Russian with ENG sub):
All episodes (In English):
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До начала XX века оставалось 20 лет. Страну лихорадило. Никогда еще царская власть в России не была столь неустойчива. Ответственность за будущее империи пришлось взять на себя Александру III Александровичу. Он сумел вывести Россию из экономического кризиса и превратить ее в одну из самых мощных мировых держав. Именно такой — на пике своего могущества — страна перешла во власть Николая Александровича Романова. Тогда еще никто не знал, что Российская империя вскоре прекратит свое существование, а Николай станет последним ее правителем, последним монархом из великой династии — династии Романовых.
Формат: историческая реконструкция
Жанр: докудрама
Год производства: 2013
Количество серий: 8
Режиссер: Максим Беспалый
Сценарий: Марина Бандиленко, Марина Улыбышева
Оператор-постановщик: Иван Бархварт
Композитор: Борис Кукоба
Продюсеры: Валерий Бабич, Влад Ряшин, Сергей Титинков, Константин Эрнст
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Admiral 2008
( Greek and English subtitles cc . )
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Admiral 2008 : Biography, Drama, History, War.
The story of admiral Aleksandr Kolchak who remained faithful to his oath to the Russian Emperor and fought against the Bolshevik rule after the 1917 October Revolution.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Admiral 2008 : Biography, Drama, History, War.
Director: Andrey Kravchuk.Writers: Zoya Kudrya, Vladimir Valutskiy. Stars: Konstantin Khabenskiy, Elizaveta Boyarskaya, Sergey Bezrukov.
Η ταινία αυτή διηγείται τη ζωή του Ρώσου Ναύαρχου Αλέξανδρου Κολτσάκ, ήρωα του Ρωσικού Εμφυλίου Πολέμου και ηγέτη του Λευκού Στρατού είναι ένας αληθινός ήρωας πολέμου και αγαπημένος σύζυγος και πατέρας. Μια μέρα συναντά την Άννα, τον έρωτα της ζωής του και τη σύζυγο του καλύτερου φίλου του. Η επανάσταση στην καρδιά του αντιμετωπίζει την επανάσταση στη χώρα του..
Nicholas II of Russia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nicholas II of Russia
00:03:16 1 Family background
00:06:34 2 Tsarevich
00:09:51 3 Engagement, accession and marriage
00:13:43 4 Reign
00:13:52 4.1 Coronation
00:17:55 4.2 Initiatives in foreign affairs
00:18:52 4.3 Ecclesiastical affairs
00:19:40 4.4 Russo-Japanese War
00:22:47 4.5 Anti-Jewish pogroms of 1903–1906
00:23:48 4.6 Bloody Sunday (1905)
00:28:08 4.7 1905 Revolution
00:31:49 4.8 Relationship with the Duma
00:41:58 4.9 Tsarevich Alexei's illness and Rasputin
00:44:33 4.10 European affairs
00:46:48 4.11 Tercentenary
00:47:26 4.12 First World War
00:56:40 4.13 Collapse
01:01:25 4.13.1 Abdication (1917)
01:04:41 4.14 Imprisonment
01:08:10 4.15 Execution
01:11:32 5 Identification
01:13:22 6 Funeral
01:14:12 7 Sainthood
01:16:19 8 Assessment
01:19:54 9 Ancestry
01:20:03 10 Titles, styles, honours and arms
01:20:14 10.1 Titles and styles
01:21:29 10.2 Honours
01:22:12 10.2.1 National
01:22:39 10.2.2 Foreign
01:23:30 10.3 Arms
01:23:38 11 Children
01:23:47 12 Wealth
01:25:01 13 Documentaries and films
01:25:37 14 See also
01:25:53 15 Note
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Nicholas II or Nikolai II (Russian: Николай II Алекса́ндрович, tr. Nikolai II Aleksandrovich; 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918), known as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer in the Russian Orthodox Church, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 2 March 1917. His reign saw the fall of the Russian Empire from one of the foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse. He was given the nickname Nicholas the Bloody or Vile Nicholas by his political adversaries due to the Khodynka Tragedy, anti-Semitic pogroms, Bloody Sunday, the violent suppression of the 1905 Russian Revolution, the execution of political opponents, and his perceived responsibility for the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905). Soviet historians portrayed Nicholas as a weak and incompetent leader whose decisions led to military defeats and the deaths of millions of his subjects.Russia was defeated in the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War which saw the annihilation of the reinforcing Russian Baltic Fleet after being sent on its round-the-world cruise at the naval Battle of Tsushima, off the coasts of Korea and Japan, the loss of Russian influence over Manchuria and Korea, and the Japanese annexation to the north of South Sakhalin Island. The Anglo-Russian Entente was designed to counter the German Empire's attempts to gain influence in the Middle East, but it also ended the Great Game of confrontation between Russia and the United Kingdom. When all Russian diplomatic efforts to prevent the First World War (1914–1918) failed, Nicholas approved the Imperial Russian Army mobilization on 30 July 1914 which gave Imperial Germany formal grounds to declare war on Russia on 1 August 1914. An estimated 3.3 million Russians were killed in the First World War. The Imperial Russian Army's severe losses, the High Command's incompetent management of the war efforts, and lack of food and supplies on the home front were all leading causes of the fall of the House of Romanov.
Following the February Revolution of 1917, Nicholas abdicated on behalf of himself and his son and heir, the Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich. He and his family were imprisoned and transferred to Tobolsk in late summer 1917. On 30 April 1918, Nicholas, Alexandra, and their daughter Maria were handed over to the local Ural Soviet council in Ekaterinburg (renamed Sverdlovsk during the Soviet era); the rest of the captives followed on 23 May. Nicholas and his family were executed by their Bolshevik guards on the night of 16/17 July 1918. The remains of the imperial family were later found, exhumed, identified and re-interred with elaborate State and Church ceremony in St. Petersburg on 17 July 1998 – 80 years later.
In 1981, Nicholas, his wife, and their children were recognized as martyrs by the Russian Orthodox Church Outsid ...
Dr Peter Beter Robotoids VS Synthetic Automatons
Dr. Peter David Beter - Audio Letter No. 51.
AUDIO LETTER(R) is a registered trademark of Audio Books,
Inc., a Texas corporation, which originally produced this tape
recording. Reproduced under open license granted by Audio
Books, Inc.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
This is the Dr. Beter AUDIO LETTER(R), Box 16428, Ft. Worth,
Texas 76133
Hello, my friends, this is Dr. Beter in Washington. Today is
Oct. 27, 1979, and this is my AUDIO LETTER No. 51.
The autumn of 1929 was a time of restless anticipation. On
all sides the air was stirring with the winds of change, radical
change. In the United States the Prohibition Era was in full
swing. Countless thousands of illegal speak-easies sprouted up
all over America. Millions of Americans determined to enjoy the
high times filled the speak-easies. One dance craze after
another swept the nation, and yet it was all just a little
unreal. Now and then people wondered: Where is all this
leading? At the same time, Americans were increasingly worried
about crime. Prohibition had brought with it a crime wave
unprecedented in America. It was the era of the famous
gangsters--the Capones and the Dillingers. On one hand people
were afraid, yet they were also fascinated, and gangster movies
would soon be packing the theaters. It was also a time of
turbulence on the international scene. In the Far East, tensions
over Manchuria were building among China, Russia, and Japan.
Soon China would be fighting, first with Russia, then with Japan;
but even as these and other tensions were rising, disarmament was
in the air. The great powers were discussing naval limitations,
and there was talk of convening a great conference for general
disarmament.
Developments like these were setting the stage for war to
come; but to most Americans they did not seem to matter much. It
was more exciting to watch the multiplying exploits in aviation
of that day. In 1927 Charles Lindbergh had flown the Atlantic in
the first non-stop flight from New York to Paris. Later he and
other aviators of this and other countries were outdoing
themselves with new accomplishments. An era was beginning which
would see flights spreading across continents, spanning oceans,
and girdling the globe. It was a time of thrills with both
tragedy and triumph. Aviation had caught the imagination of the
public, and yet very few had enough imagination to foresee how
aviation would soon revolutionize the world.
But in that autumn of 50 years ago all eyes were turning to
watch just one thing above all others--it was the New York stock
market. For years the stock market had been booming upward. It
had been so strong for so long that it seemed like a sure thing,
but now for some reason the stock market was beginning to shudder slightly. Prices reached a peak in September 1929, then they began to shiver and shudder erratically. Some stocks continued to climb, others dropped; trading volume began to increase as more and more shares changed hands. Meanwhile the market as a whole began to drop. The market was suffering from chills and fever, shivering slowly downward. Then came Black Thursday,
October 24. Stocks were sold off in an avalanche as panicky
traders tried to beat each other to the punch in getting out.
The tumult on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange grew so
loud that worried crowds collected outside in Wall Street. By
noon there were beginning to be news bulletins. Well-known
speculators committed suicide. Meanwhile a visitor had arrived
from England just at the right moment to stand in the galleries
and watch the frenzy. His name: Winston Churchill. It was not
until well into that evening that the ticker tape finally caught
up with the chaos. All around the country, investors and
speculators waited and watched. For many, the numbers on the
tape spelled RUIN. As people began to recover from the shock,
there were all kinds of official reassurances. The public was
assured that the market and the economy still were sound and
strong. It was said that there had been simply a shaking out of
weak spots.
Guest Pastor Billy Crone: AI & the Rise of the Machines
Pastor Billy informs us of the prophecy in Daniel 12: 1-4 and how it relates to the current worlds interest in and rapid increase of knowledge and artificial intelligence.
Борис Годунов / Boris Godunov
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Классическая экранизация одноименного произведения Александра Сергеевича Пушкина. 1604 год, Россия — накануне «смутного времени» польско-шведского нашествия («семибоярщины»). Главное действующее лицо трагедии — русский царь, унаследовавший трон Ивана Грозного после смерти его старшего сына Федора и смерти царевича Дмитрия.
Boris Yeltsin
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (Russian: Бори́с Никола́евич Е́льцин; IPA: [bɐˈrʲis nʲɪkɐˈlaɪvʲɪtɕ ˈjelʲtsɨn] ( ); 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Russian politician and the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.
Originally a supporter of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yeltsin emerged under the perestroika reforms as one of Gorbachev's most powerful political opponents. On 29 May 1990 he was elected the chairman of the Russian Supreme Soviet. On 12 June 1991 he was elected by popular vote to the newly created post of President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (SFSR), at that time one of the 15 constituent republics of the Soviet Union. Upon the resignation of Mikhail Gorbachev and the final dissolution of the Soviet Union on 25 December 1991, Yeltsin remained in office as the President of the Russian Federation, the USSR's successor state. Yeltsin was reelected in the 1996 election; in the second round he defeated Gennady Zyuganov from the revived Communist Party by a margin of 13%. However, Yeltsin never recovered his early popularity after a series of economic and political crises in Russia in the 1990s.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
Dissolution of the Soviet Union | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on 26 December 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). It was a result of the declaration number 142-Н of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), although five of the signatories ratified it much later or did not do so at all. On the previous day, 25 December, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, the eighth and final leader of the USSR, resigned, declared his office extinct and handed over its powers—including control of the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes—to Russian President Boris Yeltsin. That evening at 7:32 p.m., the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the pre-revolutionary Russian flag.Previously, from August to December all the individual republics, including Russia itself, had either seceded from the union or at the very least denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR. The week before formal dissolution, eleven republics signed the Alma-Ata Protocol formally establishing the CIS and declaring that the USSR had ceased to exist. Both the Revolutions of 1989 and the dissolution of the USSR also marked the end of the Cold War.
Several of the former Soviet republics have retained close links with the Russian Federation and formed multilateral organizations such as the Commonwealth of Independent States, Eurasian Economic Community, the Union State, the Eurasian Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union to enhance economic and security cooperation. On the other hand, the Baltic states have joined NATO and the European Union.
Dissolution of the Soviet Union | Wikipedia audio article
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Dissolution of the Soviet Union
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on 26 December 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union (USSR). It was a result of the declaration number 142-Н of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), although five of the signatories ratified it much later or did not do so at all. On the previous day, 25 December, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, resigned, declared his office extinct and handed over its powers—including control of the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes—to Russian President Boris Yeltsin. That evening at 7:32 p.m., the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the pre-revolutionary Russian flag.Previously, from August to December all the individual republics, including Russia itself, had either seceded from the union or at the very least denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR. The week before formal dissolution, eleven republics signed the Alma-Ata Protocol formally establishing the CIS and declaring that the USSR had ceased to exist. Both the Revolutions of 1989 and the dissolution of the USSR also marked the end of the Cold War.
Several of the former Soviet republics have retained close links with the Russian Federation and formed multilateral organizations such as the Commonwealth of Independent States, Eurasian Economic Community, the Union State, the Eurasian Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union to enhance economic and security cooperation. On the other hand, the Baltic states have joined NATO and the European Union.
Timeline of Christian missions | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:12 1 Apostolic Age
00:01:57 2 Early Christianity
00:05:57 3 Era of the seven Ecumenical Councils
00:16:04 4 Middle Ages
00:19:07 5 1000 to 1499
00:27:30 6 1500 to 1600
00:44:58 7 1600 to 1699
01:03:37 8 1700 to 1799
01:26:16 9 1800 to 1849
01:42:16 10 1850 to 1899
01:59:20 11 1900 to 1949
02:11:58 12 1950 to 1999
02:24:01 13 2000 to present
02:26:46 14 Footnotes
02:26:55 15 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Speaking Rate: 0.7752023995226462
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
This timeline of Christian missions chronicles the global expansion of Christianity through a listing of the most significant missionary outreach events.
Boris Yeltsin | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Boris Yeltsin
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (Russian: Бори́с Никола́евич Е́льцин, IPA: [bɐˈrʲis nʲɪkɐˈlaɪvʲɪtɕ ˈjelʲtsɨn] (listen); 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician and the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999. Originally a supporter of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yeltsin emerged under the perestroika reforms as one of Gorbachev's most powerful political opponents. During the late 1980s, Yeltsin had been a candidate member of the Politburo, and in late 1987 tendered a letter of resignation in protest. No one had resigned from the Politburo before. This act branded Yeltsin as a rebel and led to his rise in popularity as an anti-establishment figure.
On 29 May 1990, he was elected the chairman of the Russian Supreme Soviet. On 12 June 1991 he was elected by popular vote to the newly created post of President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). Upon the resignation of Mikhail Gorbachev and the dissolution of the Soviet Union on 25 December 1991, the RSFSR became the sovereign state of the Russian Federation, and Yeltsin remained in office as president. He was reelected in the 1996 election, in which critics widely claimed pervasive corruption; in the second round he defeated Gennady Zyuganov from the revived Communist Party by a margin of 13.7%. However, Yeltsin never recovered his early popularity after a series of economic and political crises in Russia in the 1990s.
Yeltsin transformed Russia's socialist economy into a capitalist market economy, implementing economic shock therapy, market exchange rate of the ruble, nationwide privatization and lifting of price controls. Yeltsin proposed a new Russian constitution which was popularly approved at the 1993 constitutional referendum. However, due to the sudden total economic shift, a majority of the national property and wealth fell into the hands of a small number of oligarchs. Rather than creating new enterprises, Yeltsin's policies led to international monopolies hijacking the former Soviet markets, arbitraging the huge difference between old domestic prices for Russian commodities and the prices prevailing on the world market. In the foreign policy Yeltsin offered cooperative and conciliatory relations, particularly with the Group of Seven, CIS and OSCE, as well as adherence to arms control agreements, such as START II.Much of the Yeltsin era was marked by widespread corruption, and as a result of persistent low oil and commodity prices during the 1990s, Russia suffered inflation and economic collapse. Within a few years of his presidency, many of Yeltsin's initial supporters had started to criticize his leadership, and Vice President Alexander Rutskoy even denounced the reforms as economic genocide. Ongoing confrontations with the Supreme Soviet climaxed in the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis in which Yeltsin ordered the unconstitutional dissolution of the Supreme Soviet parliament, which as a result attempted to remove him from office. In October 1993, troops loyal to Yeltsin stopped an armed uprising outside of the parliament building, leading to a number of deaths. On 31 December 1999, under enormous internal pressure, Yeltsin announced his resignation, leaving the presidency in the hands of his chosen successor, then-Prime Minister Vladimir Putin. Yeltsin left office widely unpopular with the Russian population.Yeltsin kept a low profile after his resignation, though he did occasionally publicly criticise his successor. Yeltsin died of congestive heart failure on 23 April 2007.
Russian scientists | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:01 1 Polymaths
00:06:03 2 Earth scientists
00:12:02 3 Biologists and paleontologists
00:22:10 4 Physicians and psychologists
00:29:18 5 Economists and sociologists
00:31:49 6 Historians and archeologists
00:43:43 7 Linguists and ethnographers
00:53:09 8 Mathematicians
01:07:46 9 Astronomers and cosmologists
01:14:41 10 Physicists
01:28:08 11 Chemists and material scientists
01:35:49 12 Structural engineers
01:37:46 13 Aerospace engineers
01:46:24 14 Naval engineers
01:48:53 15 Electrical engineers
01:51:11 16 Computer scientists
01:53:43 17 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7151389975143612
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
List of Russian scientists | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
List of Russian scientists
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======