Toruń landscape, Toruń, Kuyavian-Pomeranian, Poland, Europe
Toruń is an ancient city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River. Its population is 205,934 as of June 2009. Toruń is one of the oldest cities in Poland. The medieval old town of Toruń is the birthplace of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus. In 1997 the medieval part of the city was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 2007 the Old Town in Toruń was added to the list of Seven Wonders of Poland. National Geographic Polska rated the old town market and the Gothic town hall as one of the 30 Most Beautiful Places in the World. In 2010 Forbes magazine ranked Toruń as number one of the Polish Cities Attractive for Business. In 2009 it was listed as one of the Best Cities to Live in Poland, in a ranking published by Przekrój. Previously it was the capital of the Toruń Voivodeship (1975-98) and the Pomeranian Voivodeship (1921-45). Since 1999, Toruń has been a seat of the self-government of the Kujawy-Pomerania Province and, as such, is one of its two capitals (together with Bydgoszcz). The cities and neighboring counties form the Bydgoszcz-Toruń twin city metropolitan area. In September 2004, Bydgoszcz Medical School joined Toruń's Nicolaus Copernicus University as its Collegium Medicum. The current Mayor of Toruń is Mr. Michał Zaleski. Toruń has two drama theatres (Teatr im. Wilama Horzycy with three stages and Teatr Wiczy), two children's theatres (Baj Pomorski and Zaczarowany Świat), two music theatres (Mała Rewia, Studencki Teatr Tańca), and numerous other theatre groups. The city hosts, among others events, the international theatre festival, Kontakt, annually in May A building called Baj Pomorski has recently been completely reconstructed. It is now one of the most modern cultural facilities in the city, with its front elevation in the shape of a gigantic chest of drawers. It is located at the south-east edge of the Old Town. Toruń has a number of cinemas including a Cinema City, which has over 2,000 seats. Over ten major museums document the history of Toruń and the region. Among others, the House of Kopernik and the accompanying museum commemorate Nicolaus Copernicus and his revolutionary work, the university museum reveals the history of the city's academic past. The Centre of Contemporary Art (Centrum Sztuki Współczesnej - CSW) opened in June 2008 and is one of the most important cultural facilities of this kind in Poland. The modern building is located in the very centre of the city, adjacent to the Old Town. The Toruń Symphonic Orchestra (formerly the Toruń Chamber Orchestra) is well-rooted in the Toruń cultural landscape. Toruń is equipped with a planetarium (located downtown) and an astronomical observatory (located in nearby community of Piwnice). The latter boasts the largest radio telescope in the Eastern part of Central Europe with a diameter of 32 m (104.99 ft), second only to the Effelsberg 100 m (328.08 ft) radio telescope. Toruń is well known for Toruń gingerbread, a type of pierniki often made in elaborate moulds. Muzeum Piernika in Toruń is the only museum dedicated to gingerbread in Europe.
Nieszawa: a forgotten medieval city in Poland discovered with the use of remote sensing techniques
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Nieszawa has been founded to the west of the Dybów Castle, buit in 15th c. As an initiative of Polish king Władysław II Jagiełło. The settlement received in 1425 municipal rights, becoming Nowa (New) Nieszawa, Nieszawa or Dybowo. The name was an association with an earlier settlement, located 3 km further to the west (at present Mała Nieszawka) at foregrounds of the first Teutonic Order's castle on Polish lands erected in first half of 13th c. and demolished after signing of the Treaty of Melno in 1422.
This second Nieszawa developed dynamically, benefiting from its location on the bank of the Vistula river, not one kilometre away from the walls of Teutonic town of Toruń (Thorn). Border location and rising income from river trade became reasons of socioeconomic tension between the Kingdom of Poland and Teutonic Order. After the mutiny of Toruń's townspeople against the Teutonic rule and in appreciation of their involvement in the Thirteen Years' War (1454--66), Polish king Casimir IV Jagiellon gave out a decree -- according to the will of Toruń's townspeople -- to demolish the competitive economic centre at Nieszawa. The king simultaneously decided to relocate the city 32 upstream of Vistula, where Nieszawa exists to this day. The former place, where old Nieszawa existed has never been overbuilt.
Today, the area identified with 15th c. Nieszawa consists of fields on the floodplain terrace in Toruń's Podgórz district. These fields contain a time capsule with undeground relics of a medieval town that existed for only 35 years. Nieszawa, was a town with over a thousand citizens, with a vast town square, carefully designed districts, regular street layout, market spaces, production zones and an impressive embankment-moat fortification system existed in the protective shade of the Dybow Castle as a resilient metropolis on the border between Kingdom of Poland and Teutonic state. Creation of such advanced urban organism required increased effort of the Kingdom. Dynamically developing Nieszawa, has risen during not more than 40 years of existence as a main competition of the Hanseatic Toruń, successfully displacing it's Teutonic rival in river trade.
History of archaeological research
Between 2012-2013, thanks to financial support from the Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage and National Heritage Board, the Scientific Association of Polish Archaeologists (Łódź branch) conducted non-invasive archaeological survey that allowed to locate and discover the spatial organisation of the second location of Nieszawa.
The movie presents the achievements of 2 seasons of non-invasive archaeological survey of medieval location of Nieszawa. Due to the work of archaeologists and historians an impressive urban organism emerges from the underground, an organism created in the sole purpose of economic rivalry with the Teutonic Order.
The breaking point in locating the location of medieval Nieszawa were the results of aerial survey conducted during 2001-2011 campaigns by archeologist Wiesław Stępień, who managed to document cropmarks revealing part of the urban layout. Basing on the results of trial excavations conducted by archaeologist Lidia Grzeszkiewicz-Kotlewska (199-2001) a project for non-invasive survey with geophysical methods has been created. During two years magnetic prospection has covered 32 hectares on the extent of over 1,2 kms, which places the survey as the most extensively conducted in Poland so far. Additional soil resistivity measurements have covered 0,5 ha. In 2013 more additional fieldwork has been done with application of magnetic susceptibility measurements, a pioneer survey to the extent of 4 ha. The geophysical survey has been also aided by numerous techniques of aerial archaeology - photographic documentation with UAV drones, aerial prospection of the landscape of Vistula's left bank and innovatory application of termovision. These informations have been complemented with numeric terrain model created with LIDAR ALS data.
Consultations with specialists in the field of medieval urbanisation, dr Jerzy Sikora (Institute of Archaeology, University of Łódź) and dr Michał Starski (Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw) resulted in creation of a digital three-dimensional spatial model of old Nieszawa, which sums up the state of knowledge about the city and reconstructs it digitally for the state of 2013's research (the earlier visualization, created after 2012's research is available here: ).
Watermill, Malbork Castle, Malbork, Pomeranian, Poland, Europe
The Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork is the largest castle in the world by surface area. It was built in Prussia by the Teutonic Knights, a German Roman Catholic religious order of crusaders, in a form of an Ordensburg fortress. The Order named it Marienburg (Mary's Castle). The town which grew around it was also named Marienburg. The castle is a classic example of a medieval fortress and, on its completion in 1406, was the world's largest brick castle. UNESCO designated the Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork and the Malbork Castle Museum a World Heritage Site in December 1997. It is one of two World Heritage Sites in the region with origins in the Teutonic Order. The other is the Medieval Town of Toruń, founded in 1231 as the site of the castle Thorn (Toruń). Malbork Castle is also one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated September 16, 1994. Its listing is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland. The castle was built by the Teutonic Order after the conquest of Old Prussia. Its main purpose was to strengthen their own control of the area following the Order's 1274 suppression of the Great Prussian Uprising of the Baltic tribes. No contemporary documents survive relating to its construction, so instead the castle's phases have been worked out through the study of architecture and the Order's administrative records and later histories. The work lasted until around 1300, under the auspices of Commander Heinrich von Wilnowe. The castle is located on the southeastern bank of the river Nogat. It was named Marienburg after Mary, patron saint of the religious Order. The Order had been created in Acre (present-day Israel). When this last stronghold of the Crusades fell to Muslim Arabs, the Order moved its headquarters to Venice before arriving in Poland. Malbork became more important in the aftermath of the Teutonic Knights' conquest of Gdańsk (Danzig) and Pomerania in 1308. The Order's administrative centre was moved to Malbork from Elbląg (Elbing). The Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, Siegfried von Feuchtwangen, who arrived in Malbork from Venice, undertook the next phase of the fortress' construction. In 1309, in the wake of the papal persecution of the Knights Templar and the Teutonic takeover of Danzig, Feuchtwangen relocated his headquarters to the Prussian part of the Order's monastic state. He chose the site of Marienburg conveniently located on the Nogat in the Vistula Delta. As with most cities of the time, the new centre was dependent on water for transportation. The castle was expanded several times to house the growing number of Knights. Soon, it became the largest fortified Gothic building in Europe, on a nearly 52-acre (21 ha) site. The castle has several subdivisions and numerous layers of defensive walls. It consists of three separate castles - the High, Middle and Lower Castles, separated by multiple dry moats and towers. The castle once housed approximately 3,000 brothers in arms. The outermost castle walls enclose 52 acres (21 ha), four times the acreage of the enclosed space of Windsor Castle. The developed part of the property designated as a World Heritage Site is 18.038 ha (44.57 acres). The favourable position of the castle on the river Nogat allowed easy access by barges and trading ships arriving from the Vistula and the Baltic Sea. During their governance, the Teutonic Knights collected river tolls from passing ships, as did other castles along the rivers. They controlled a monopoly on the trade of amber. When the city became a member of the Hanseatic League, many Hanseatic meetings were held there. In the summer of 1410, the castle was besieged following the Order's defeat by the armies of Władysław II Jagiełło and Vytautas the Great (Witold) at the Battle of Grunwald. Heinrich von Plauen successfully led the defence in the Siege of Marienburg (1410), during which the city outside was razed. In 1456, during the Thirteen Years' War, the Order facing opposition from its cities for raising taxes to pay ransoms for expenses associated with its wars against Kingdom of Poland could no longer manage financially. Meanwhile, Polish General Stibor de Poniec of Ostoja raised funds from Danzig for a new campaign against them. Learning that the Order's Bohemian mercenaries had not been paid, Stibor convinced them to leave. He reimbursed them with money raised in Danzig. Following the departure of the mercenaries, King Casimir IV Jagiellon entered the castle in triumph in 1457, and in May, granted Danzig several privileges in gratitude for the town's assistance and involvement in the Thirteen Years' War (1454–66) as well as for the funds collected for the mercenaries that left. The mayor of the town around the castle, Bartholomäus Blume, resisted the Polish forces for three more years, but the Poles captured and hanged him in 1460.
Malbork Castle Poland(9)
Part of a larger choir trip to Poland
Unknown Poland - Castles in Poland - The Eagle's Nests Castle in Bydlin
Castles in Poland - The Eagle's Nests Castle in Bydlin
Plateaux Festival 2008 Documentary - part 01
Video documenting 2 days of Plateaux Festival, prt held in Centre of Contemporary Arts Znaki Czasu in Torun. Author: Sylwester Gałuszka [PGR Art]
Krakow Poland
Krakow, Poland 2011. Enjoy this wonderful city in my short film in pictures.
Warsaw, Poland - Unravel Travel TV
Warsaw is Poland's largest city and an economic, political, and cultural centre. It's a bustling metropolis harbouring an unforgettable history and today offers parkland as well as a city full of culture - you will find historic palaces and churches amongst modern architecture, while cosy cafes compete with fashionable clubs. The city's history itself is believed to have begun with the creation and development of Old Warsaw (Stara Warszawa), which was set on what is today known as the Old Town (Stare Miasto). Mazovian Prince Bolesław II brought prosperous traders to the Old Town, and his headquarters were based there. Warsaw is also known for its famous musical resident, Fryderyk Chopin, who for the first half of his 39 years, was associated with Warsaw. It was in Warsaw that he studied music, where he was formally educated, and where his heart found its final resting place. The last time Chopin played a concert in Warsaw was in October of 1830, at the National Theatre. He died on October 17, 1849 and was buried at the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris. His heart, however, came back to Warsaw -- it was his most fervent desire to have his heart buried in Warsaw -- and it now lies in the Holy Cross Church (kościół św. Krzyża) on Krakowskie Przedmieście Street.
Poland Tourism
When visiting Warsaw, check out the following places:
Łazienki Królewskie Park-Palace Complex:
The park and palace complex at Łazienki is one of the most beautiful of this type in Europe. Established in the 17th century, the landscape gardens feature many interesting architectural monuments, especially the Palace on the Island built for King Stanislaw August Poniatowski -- Poland's last monarch. It served as his summer residence and was famous for the Thursday dinners.
Wilanów Park-Palace Complex:
The summer residence of King Jan III Sobieski and then Augustus II as well as subsequent aristocratic families. It stands as an excellent representation of European Baroque at its height and a homage to the former greatness of the Republic. The palace is surrounded by a grandiose, two level Baroque Italian garden and a romantic park in an English style. Wilanów is the venue of important cultural events and concerts. The former stables house the Poster Museum.
Palace of Culture and Science:
Completed in 1955 as a 'gift from the Soviet people', the building is the embodiment of Socialist Realist architecture. It is still the tallest building in Poland and fulfils the role of a cultural centre accommodating theatres, museums, a cinema and a concert hall. The highest viewing platform in Warsaw, on the 30th foor, offers an excellent panoramic view of the city.
Warsaw Rising Museum:
Opened in 2004, on the 60th anniversary of the outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising, the museum pays tribute to all those who fought and died for their country's independence. Housed in a former tramway power station, the modern museum guides visitors through interactive displays, video footage and photographs.
National Museum:
The museum contains a rich collection of exhibits from antiquity to modern times. The building originates from the inter-war period. During the World War II it secretly stored some of the Royal Castle treasures. It organizes numerous temporary exhibitions presenting art from all over the world. The Vistula-side building wing is the Museum of the Polish Army presenting the history of Polish military featuring an interesting outdoor exhibition.
Warsaw Zoological Garden:
Established in 1928, the garden is now inhabited by several thousand animals, yet the real personalities of the Warsaw Zoo are the brown bears whose area is located outside the garden, near Solidarności Avenue, and can be viewed by passers-by.
University of Warsaw Library:
The facade of the building, which resembles a line of open books, is one of the most interesting examples of contemporary architecture in Warsaw. The roof garden is open to the public.
Places related to Fryderyk Chopin:
Fryderyk Chopin is undoubtedly the best known resident of Warsaw. He spent the first 20 years of his life in the city. Here he studied music, learned the manners of society and gave his first concerts. Walking the streets of Warsaw you will pass buildings where he stayed or which he visited. There are many places which are a homage paid to his talent and Warsaw boasts the world's largest Chopin memorabilia collection.
Poland Tourism
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Poland Travel -The former royal capital of Kraków is a living lab of architecture over the ages. Its nearly perfectly preserved Gothic core proudly wears overlays of Renaissance, Baroque and Art Nouveau, a record of tastes that evolved over the centuries. Fabulous medieval castles and evocative ruins dot hilltops elsewhere in the country, and the fantastic red-brick fortresses of the Teutonic Knights stand proudly in the north along the Vistula.
At the other extreme, simple but finely crafted wooden churches hide amid the Carpathian hills, and the ample skills of the countrys highlanders are on display at the regions many skansens (open-air ethnographic museums).
Enjoy Your Poland Travel!
10 Best Places to Visit in Poland
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10 Best Places to Visit in Poland.
Life has not been easy for Poland, an eastern European country that has been invaded and destroyed many times over the centuries. The country suffered mightily in World War II when many of its citizens, including its large Jewish population, were hustled off to Nazi concentration camps. The Polish spirit, however, refused to die and today the country combines medieval architecture with lively cultural activities to meet the needs of modern tourists. An overview of the best places to visit in Poland:
10. Malbork
9. Lublin
8. Bialowieza Forest
7. Torun
6. Tatra National Park
5. Poznan
4. Wroclaw
3. Gdansk
2. Warsaw
1. Krakow
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Music: NCS
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Fire Show on Adamka street
Some guys doing some stunts with fire :]
Warsaw - A Tour Of Warsaw Poland All Year Round
All About Poland And Warsaw at
A tour of Warsaw showing you the city in all seasons. Restaurants, hotels, things to do and see.
Warsaw is a city that has many things to do, regardless of the season.
If you are going to travel to Warsaw, this video gives you good introductory material. It is a virtual tour of things to do and things to see in Warsaw
Poland - Wieliczka Salt Mine - Travel Video
The Wieliczka Salt Mine is the oldest, continually working mine in the world. The mine was established in 1044 AD. What also makes this mine unique are the sculptures carved out of the rock salt. Lying on nine levels it's evacuations stretch for a total of 186 miles reaching a depth of 1079 feet. Today the mine houses an underground Hotel, Spa and Convention center. If you are anywhere near Krakow the place is a must see. City buses frequently run from Krakow to Wieliczka.
Music from JewelBeat.com
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Top 10 Best Places To Visit In Poland
Top 10 Best Places To Visit In Poland - Life has not been easy for Poland, an eastern European country that has been invaded and destroyed many times over the centuries. The Polish spirit, however, refused to die and today the country combines medieval architecture with lively cultural activities to meet the needs of modern tourists. An overview of the best places to visit in Poland:
- Krakow
- Warsaw
- Gdansk
- Wroclaw
- Poznan
- Tatra National Park
- Torun
- Bialowieza Forest
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POLAND - WikiVidi Documentary
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a sovereign country in Central Europe. It is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312679 km2 with a mostly temperate climate. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin. The establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe with a uniquely liberal political system which declared Europe's fir...
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Shortcuts to chapters:
00:03:54: Etymology
00:04:29: Prehistory and protohistory
00:06:03: Piast dynasty
00:10:19: Jagiellon dynasty
00:13:41: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
00:18:20: Partitions
00:21:28: Era of insurrections
00:26:58: Reconstruction
00:30:40: World War II
00:38:45: Post-war communism
00:41:58: Present-day
00:45:42: Geography
00:47:24: Geology
00:50:40: Waters
00:55:58: Land use
00:57:39: Biodiversity
00:59:21: Climate
01:01:04: Politics
01:03:31: Law
01:07:31: Foreign relations
01:10:20: Administrative divisions
01:11:15: Military
01:15:26: Law enforcement and emergency services
01:16:56: Economy
01:21:14: Corporations
01:22:48: Tourism
01:24:55: Energy
01:26:43: Transport
01:30:42: Science and technology
01:32:44: Communications
01:34:24: Demographics
01:38:07: Languages
01:39:57: Religion
01:44:47: Health
01:46:45: Education
01:49:26: Culture
01:50:25: Famous people
01:51:39: Society
01:54:06: Music
01:58:10: Art
02:00:44: Architecture
02:04:53: Literature
02:09:46: Media
02:12:18: Cuisine
02:14:37: Sports
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Copyright WikiVidi.
Licensed under Creative Commons.
Wikipedia link:
Travel Guide to Warsaw, Poland
- Visit for more information on Warsaw, Poland
Warsaw is the capital city of Poland and also the largest city. It is located on the Vistula River and about 260 km's from the Baltic Sea and 300 km's from the Carpathian Mountains. Known as the phoenix city it has survived many wars throughout it bloody history. Warsaw is also an Alpha-global city as it is a major international tourist destination and an important economic hub in Central and Eastern Europe.
What to see
• St. Mary's Church
• Łazienki Palace
• Warsaw University of Technology
• Royal Baths Park
• Commission Palace
• Sejm Building
• National Temple of Divine Providence
• Olympic Centre in Warsaw
• Great Theatre
• Palace of Culture and Science
• Warsaw Uprising Museum
• Golden Terraces Shopping Centre
• Historic Centre of Warsaw
What to do
• Topienie Marzanny
• Ludwig van Beethoven Easter Festival
• Anniversary of the Ghetto Uprising
• Polish Contemporary Opera Festival
• Mozart Festival
• Chopin Summer Concerts
• International Street Arts Festival
• Warsaw Film Festival
• Piano Festival
7/13 Tourism in Latvia Visit Riga The historic center
Juillet 2014 : des rues du centre ville, chanteurs et musiciens de rue, policiers, façades de grands hôtels, jardin non clos du centre ville, quelques oiseaux
Nicolaus Copernicus | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nicolaus Copernicus
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Nicolaus Copernicus (; Polish: Mikołaj Kopernik; German: Nikolaus Kopernikus; Niklas Koppernigk; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe, in all likelihood independently of Aristarchus of Samos, who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier.The publication of Copernicus' model in his book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), just before his death in 1543, was a major event in the history of science, triggering the Copernican Revolution and making a pioneering contribution to the Scientific Revolution.Copernicus was born and died in Royal Prussia, a region that had been part of the Kingdom of Poland since 1466. A polyglot and polymath, he obtained a doctorate in canon law and was also a mathematician, astronomer, physician, classics scholar, translator, governor, diplomat, and economist. In 1517 he derived a quantity theory of money – a key concept in economics – and in 1519 he formulated an economic principle that later came to be called Gresham's law.
Pomerania | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Pomerania
00:00:56 1 Geography
00:01:05 1.1 Borders
00:01:30 1.2 Landscape
00:02:28 1.3 Subregions
00:04:19 2 Etymology
00:05:06 2.1 Terminology
00:05:41 3 History
00:05:50 3.1 Prehistory to the Dark Ages (circa 400 A.D. - 1400 A.D.)
00:06:36 3.2 Renaissance (circa 1400 - 1700) to Early Modern Age
00:08:24 3.3 Modern Age
00:11:52 4 Demographics
00:12:20 4.1 Hither Pomerania
00:12:58 4.2 Cities and towns with more than 50,000 inhabitants
00:14:49 5 Culture
00:14:58 5.1 Languages and dialects
00:15:59 5.2 Cuisine
00:16:12 5.3 Museums
00:16:46 6 Economy
00:17:43 7 See also
00:18:09 8 Footnotes
00:18:18 9 External links
00:18:27 9.1 Internet directories
00:18:47 9.2 Culture and history
00:19:26 9.3 Maps of Pomerania
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze; German, Low German and North Germanic languages: Pommern; Kashubian: Pòmòrskô) is a historical region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Germany and Poland.
The name derives from the Slavic po more, meaning by the sea or on the sea. Pomerania stretches roughly from the Recknitz and Trebel rivers in the west to the Vistula river in the east.The largest Pomeranian islands are Rügen, Usedom/Uznam and Wolin. The largest Pomeranian city is Gdańsk, or, when using a narrower definition of the region, Szczecin. Outside its urban areas, Pomerania is characterized by farmland, dotted with numerous lakes, forests, and towns. The region was strongly affected by post–World War I and II border and population shifts, with most of its pre-war inhabitants leaving or being expelled after 1945.