The history of Soviet Kazakhstan in pictures
The history of Soviet Kazakhstan in pictures
A slideshow about the history of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (part of the Soviet Union), accompanied by the anthem thereof.
In this slideshow: The map of USSR with the KazSSR highlighted; three flags of the KazSSR (1937, 1940, 1953); coat of arms of the KazSSR; Amangeldy Imanov, the leader of an anti-Tsarist rebellion during the First World War; a battle between the Russian army and Imanov's rebels; Vladimir Lenin, the leader of the Bolsheviks, the Russian Revolution and the Soviet Union; Alexander Dutov, Boris Annenkov and their officers - White Army commanders in Kazakhstan during the Russian Civil War; Saken Seyfullin, a leading Kazakh communist, writer, poet and statesman; Joseph Stalin, Lenin's successor; Filipp Goloshchekin, architect of Stalin's collectivisation in Kazakhstan, which caused a great famine; the location of the Kengir Concentration Camp aka Steplag; writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn, being searched in the Steplag; Kazakh heroes of the WWII - Bauyrzhan Momyshuly, Manshuk Mametova, Aliya Moldagulova, Nurken Abdirov and Talgat Bigeldinov; leaders of the KazSSR - Zhumabay Shayakhmetov (1946-1954), made advances in education, opposed the scale of Khrushchev's Virgin Lands campaign (see below); Panteleimon Ponomarenko (1954-1955), probably appointed due to his support for the campaign; Leonid Brezhnev (1955-1956), he later became the leader of the Soviet Union; Nikolay Belyayev (1957-1960); Ismail Yusupov (1962-1964), supported Khrushchev's plan to incorporate some cotton-growing areas in southern KazSSR to the Uzbek SSR; and Dinmukhamed Kunayev (1960-1962, 1964-1986), who opposed the aforementioned incorporation, but was reinstated after Khrushchev's downfall. Being a Brezhnev supporter, Kunayev was accused of corruption in Gorbachev's time and replaced with Kolbin; a map of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site - a major test site for Soviet Nuclear weaponry; the explosion of the first Soviet nuclear bomb; Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet leader who initiated a massive agricultural program called the Virgin Lands campaign, which affected KazSSR greatly, namely through an expansion of agriculture and an influx of immigrants; two pictures of the Virgin Lands campaign; the location of the Baikonur Cosmodrome, the first Soviet space launching site; Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space, his ship was launched from Baikonur; the shrinkage of the Aral sea, which is a result of excessive drainage of water for irrigation; Gennady Kolbin, the successor of Kunayev, whose unpopularity with the Kazakh population caused massive riots in December 1986; two pictures of the riots; Nursultan Nazarbayev, who was appointed in place of Kolbin, the last leader of the KazSSR and the first president of an independent Republic of Kazakhstan; the Republic Square and the Presidential Palace in Almaty, the former capital; the flag of the independent Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan/Almaty Panfilov Park Part 14
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Park of 28 Panfilov Guardsmen:
The Park of 28 Panfilov Guardsmen is a major park in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The park is located in east-central Almaty in the area surrounding Zenkov Cathedral. It is dedicated to and named after the Panfilov Heroes, 28 soldiers of an Almaty infantry unit who died fighting Nazi German invaders outside of Moscow in World War II. The group takes its name from Ivan Panfilov, the General commanding the 316th division which, in spite of heavy casualties, believed at that time managed to significantly delay the Germans' advance on the capital, buying time for the defenders of the city. An eternal flame commemorating the fallen of the Russian Civil War and the Great Patriotic War burns in front of the giant black monument of soldiers from all 15 Soviet republics.
Ascension Cathedral:
Designed by Andrei Pavlovich Zenkov in 1904, a cathedral was built entirely of wood with the belfry being erected on September 14, 1906. The inner structure of the cathedral was made in the artistic workshops of Moscow and Kiev. The iconostasis was painted by N. Khludov. The cathedral in considerably survived the 1911 earthquake. After the Russian Revolution the cathedral was used to house the Central State Museum of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. From 1930 to 1940 it was used by important public organizations. The first radio transmitters in Almaty were situated in the cathedral's belfry. Restoration work on the cathedral began in 1973 and lasted until 1976. In May 1995 control of the cathedral was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church, and after additional restoration work it was reopened for religious services in 1997.
Kazakh Museum of Folk Musical Instruments
The Hungry Steppe: Famine, Violence & the Making of Soviet Kazakhstan
Kluge Fellow Sarah Cameron analyzes a little-known episode of Stalinist social engineering, the Kazakh famine of 1930-33, which led to the death of more than 1.5 million people, a quarter of Soviet Kazakhstan's population. Using memoirs, oral history accounts, and archival documents, she explores the stories of those who lived through the famine, asking how this crisis reshaped Soviet Kazakhstan and what it meant to be Kazakh, and how the case of the Kazakh famine alters understandings of development and nation-building under Stalin.
For transcript and more information, visit
Kazakh S.S.R. - Kalka
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Folk Music of the U.S.S.R.
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Released on: 1960-01-01
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Kazakhstan bids farewell to hero of Soviet Union, Major General Talgat Bigeldinov
Almaty residents bid farewell to the legendary pilot, Second World War veteran, twice Hero of the Soviet Union Talgat Bigeldinov. A memorial service was held at the Army House on Wednesday, where more than 1,000 people, including prominent public and political figures, war veterans and friends of Talgat Bigeldinov gathered together to say their last goodbyes to the famous pilot. Talgat Bigeldinov was the only Kazakhstani man who had received the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union twice for his bravery and heroic deeds in fighting the German Nazi invaders. The brave pilot earned both gold stars after the major air battles, at the age of only 23. After the war ended, he continued to serve in the Air Force, and later held senior positions in the State Committee for Construction of the Kazakh SSR. He was then elected the member of the Supreme Council. Many military and civilian awards, schools, universities and streets in our country have been given the name of Talgat Bigeldinov. At the memorial meeting Almaty Mayor Akhmetzhan Yessimov read the telegram of condolences on behalf of the Kazakh President.
80. The building of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of Kazakh Soviet Republic
The building was built in 1937 according to the design of M.D. Sugal and V.V. Biryukov, on one of the busiest avenues of the city, Abylaikhan Avenue, 97. In Soviet times, the highest legislative body of Kazakhstan was working here.
The three-storied L shaped construction plays a vital role in the ensemble of the central area of the city. The corner of the building is accentuated by portico consisting of 4 pillars and the side pylon. Parapet is decorated with high-relief images of figures on a horizontal plane - working people of prewar decade, a symbol of labor and valor (sculptor A.Kroshin). This parapet ornament was applied for the first time in urban planning practice of Alma-Ata and it was easily a recognizable sign of the building.
Here you can see the Soviet tank T-26, the Red Army soldier with a three-linear rifle and athletic collective farmers with baskets filled with the gifts of nature. The work was carried out in line with social realism. Currently, Almaty Financial Management is located in the building.
Monumental Art of Kazakhstan (1976) - Documentary on Soviet Mosaics
Shared, translated and captioned by Monumental Almaty (MonumentalAlmaty.com, @monumentalalmaty)
Source: Central State Archive for Film, Photo, and Audiorecordings of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan / Қазақстан Qazaqstan,قازاقستان,Казахстан
Kazakhstan / Қазақстан Qazaqstan,قازاقستان,Казахстан officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a country in Eurasia ranked as the ninth largest country in the
world. It is also the world's largest landlocked country. Its territory of 2,727,300 km² is greater than Western Europe. It is neighbored clockwise from the
north by Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea. The capital moved in 1997 to Astana
from Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city.
Vast in size, the terrain of Kazakhstan ranges from flatlands, steppes, taigas, rock-canyons, hills, deltas, and snow-capped mountains to deserts. With 16.0
million people (2009 census)[1], Kazakhstan has the 62nd largest population in the world, though its population density is less than 6 people per square
kilometre (15 per sq. mi.).
For most of its history the territory of modern-day Kazakhstan has been inhabited by nomadic tribes. By the 16th century the Kazakhs emerged as a distinct
group, divided into three hordes. The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century all of Kazakhstan was
part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times before
becoming the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936, a part of the USSR. During the 20th century, Kazakhstan was the site of major Soviet projects,
including Khrushchev's Virgin Lands campaign, the Baikonur Cosmodrome, and the Semipalatinsk Polygon, the USSR's primary nuclear weapon testing site.
Kazakhstan declared itself an independent country on December 16, 1991, the last Soviet republic to do so. Its communist-era leader, Nursultan Nazarbayev,
became the country's new president. Since independence, Kazakhstan has pursued a balanced foreign policy and worked to develop its economy, especially its
hydrocarbon industry. While the country's economic outlook is improving, President Nazarbayev maintains strict control over the country's politics.
Nevertheless, Kazakhstan's international prestige is building.It is now considered to be the dominant state in Central Asia.The country is a member of many
international organizations, including the United Nations, NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and the Shanghai Cooperation
Organisation. In 2010, Kazakhstan is chairing the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
Kazakhstan is ethnically and culturally diverse, in part due to mass deportations of many ethnic groups to the country during Stalin's rule. Kazakhs are the
largest group. Kazakhstan has 131 nationalities including Kazakh, Russian, Ukrainian, Uzbek and Tatar. It has a population of 16.0 million, of whom around
63% percent are Kazakhs.
Kazakhstan allows freedom of religion, and many different beliefs are represented in the country. Islam is the primary religion. The Kazakh language is the
state language, while Russian is also officially used as an equal language (to Kazakh) in Kazakhstan's institutions.
Kazakhs’ Nauryz holiday celebrated
Three occasions coincide on March 22 for Mongolians such as World Water Day, First Space Flight Anniversary and Kazakhs’ Nauryz (Nowruz) holiday.
With Nauryz being an international holiday, Mongolian Kazakhs living in western parts of the country have grand celebration of the traditional holiday which symbolizes goodness and wealth, happiness and love and friendship. Nauryz means a ‘new day’, and it represents New Year to the Kazakhs.
According to a demographic report issued by the National Statistical Office on the Kazakh minority in Mongolia, there are 114,506 Kazakhs, constituting 3.9 percent of Mongolia’s population and mostly living in Bayan-Ulgii, Khovd, Selenge and Tuv provinces and Ulaanbaatar city.
On this day 36 years ago, a Mongolian flew into space. Jugderdemidiin Gurragchaa along with the Soviet cosmonaut V.A.Janibekov took off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome at 14.58 of March 22, 1981.
In eight days of space travel, the two cosmonauts have circled the Earth for 124 times and landed back on their home planet on March 30.
Thus, Mongolia became the 10th country in the world to send off a cosmonaut to space, 5th country to test its technology in space and 20th to create space equipment, which was tested in space.
Mongolia’s first and only space traveler J.Gurragchaa was born on December 5 of 1947 in Gurvanbulag soum of Bulgan aimag. After graduating from a local high school, Gurragchaa went to serve in the army in 1966. In 1971, he studied in the aviation academy in the Frunze city of the former USSR, modern-day Bishkek, the capital city of the Kyrgyz Republic.
J.Gurragchaa graduated in 1973 from Jukov’s Air Force Academy in Moscow.
From 1978, he had begun training as cosmonaut along with his Mongolian colleague M.Ganzorig at the Space Training Centre named after Yurii Gagarin. At the time, he was a Captain in the Mongolian People’s Army.
Between 2000 and 2004, he was the Minister of Defense and a member of the government cabinet headed by N.Enkhbayar. In 2004, he was elected to the State Great Khural (Parliament).
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Fourth generation ethnic Koreans from Central Asia face deportation in Korea
만 19세 되면 한국 떠나야…고려인 4세의 설움
Eighty years have passed since the forced deportation of ethnic Koreans from the Russian Far East to Central Asian countries.
Still today, many of them struggle to find their home, and that includes those who returned to home soil.
Kim Hyesung turns the spotlight to their side of the story for our News Features tonight.
Sixteen-year-old Lee Mi-yeon is studying hard with her classmates at a high school in Ansan, south of Seoul.
Unlike the other students, she's a Kareisky, an ethnic Korean from Central Asia, who moved to Korea from Uzbekistan in 2011.
After many ups and downs, Mi-yeon says she's finally adjusted to her life in Korea.
13
I cried almost every day during my first year here in Korea, telling my mom I want to go back to Uzbekistan because I had no friends and everything was new. But after picking up the Korean language and slowly making more friends, I became more open personality-wise. I made more friends and have supportive teachers. I'm really grateful
Mi-yeon's parents came to Korea in 2009, two years before her, to work and settle down.
They say they're glad they were able to live together again, and they're proud to see their daughter doing well in school.
39-40
All l wish for... is to see Mi-yeon grow up, go to college, get married, have kids here in Korea and be happy. We've lived in Uzbekistan, Russia, and Korea, and have a somewhat mixed identity. Ultimately I feel like Korea is my home at heart. But because of the visa issue, I'm worried that that my wish might be impossible.
A growing number of ethnic Koreans from Central Asia have moved to South Korea over the last several years -- a total of 40-thousand as of this year. But around a thousand of them, kids like Lee Mi-yeon, the fourth generation, will eventually have to leave the country when they turn 19.
The current Overseas Koreans Act defines overseas Koreans as those with citizenship in another country who have at least one parent or grandparent who possessed Korean citizenship.
-
The third generation can get national health insurance and work in Korea, but the fourth generation who came with parents with H2 working visa cannot remain in the country on family-sponsored visas once they become adults.
These people are the descendants of Koreans who moved to the Russian Far East during the Japanese colonial rule.
Under Stalin's regime in the Soviet Union, they were forced in 1937 to relocate to Central Asian countries like Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.
They've lived outside of Korea for decades.
But according to Kim Young-suk, the director of a social welfare organization supporting ethnic Koreans, the Kareski still have a lot in common with Koreans here.
28 30-2930
Many formed their own Korean communities even when in Central Asia. Kareisky still maintain a Korean lifestyle and customs, such as eating Korean food, holding ancestral rites and upholding Korean traditional virtues like filial duty.
Kim says if the fourth generation are forced to leave Korea when they turn 19, it could create social problems, not to mention the separation of families.
30-31
After having painfully adjusted to Korean society, the fourth generation will have go through a readjustment process all over again in Central Asia. They may not be able to find a job. Above all, they want to stay in Korea, but if forced to leave, it could create anti-Korean sentiment.
An organization in Korea is calling for the current Overseas Koreans Act to be revised.
The People’s Committee for the 80th Anniversary of the Forced Kareisky Relocation submitted a proposal to the Moon Administration on June 6th.
Experts say the 1999 Act is outdated, and that the Korean government has a duty to help the Kareisky. many of whom are descendants of the Korean independence activists of the early 20th century.
But there's no easy fix.
1:10
From a common-sense standpoint, the current Act on Overseas Koreans does need changes. But if the government grants visas to all ethnic Koreans from Central Asia, they would also need to give visas to all ethnic Koreans from China. Revising the law could result in discrimination and conflict with the Chinese government. So the Moon Administration definitely needs to take a cautious and wise approach.
Even after several decades, many ethnic Koreans from Central Asia are still struggling to find a place to call home.
As more of them return to Korea, there'll be more in the fourth generation living in fear, not knowing how long they can stay with their family.
And time to find a fair solution is running out.
Kim Hyesung, Arirang News.
ASTANA - NURSULTAN KAZAKHSTAN 4k
ASTANA, KAZAKHSTAN - АСТАНА, КАЗАХСТАН. Kazakhstan, Qazaqstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi). Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.
Kazakhstan is officially a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Kazakhstan has an estimated 18 million people as of 2014. Given its large land area, its population density is among the lowest, at less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq mi). The capital is Astana, where it was moved in 1997 from Almaty, the country's largest city.
The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by Turkic nomads who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as Turkic Khaganate etc. In the 13th century, the territory joined the Mongolian Empire under Genghis Khan. By the 16th century, the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group, divided into three jüz (ancestor branches occupying specific territories). The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century, they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times. In 1936, it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union.
Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The current President, Nursultan Nazarbayev, has been leader of the country since then, and is characterised as authoritarian, with a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition.[15] Kazakhstan has worked to develop its economy, especially its dominant hydrocarbon industry. Human Rights Watch says that Kazakhstan heavily restricts freedom of assembly, speech, and religion,[18] and other human rights organisations regularly describe Kazakhstan's human rights situation as poor.
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Editing Software: Movavi Video Editor 14 Plus
ҚОЗОҒИСТОН ー КИЗИКАРЛИ МАЪЛУМОТЛАР / КАЗАХСТАН / KAZAKHSTAN
ҚОЗОҒИСТОН ー КИЗИКАРЛИ МАЪЛУМОТЛАР / КАЗАХСТАН / KAZAKHSTAN
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Казахстан (каз. Қазақстан, qɑzɑqˈstɑn), официально также Республика Казахстан — государство, расположенное в центре Евразии, большая часть которого относится к Азии, а меньшая — к Европе. Население — 17 733 198 человек. Территория Казахстана, определяемая её Конституцией, составляет 2 724 902 км². Занимает девятое место в мире по территории , пятьдесят первое — по объёму ВВП по ППС и шестьдесят четвёртое — по численности населения. Климат в республике в основном резко-континентальный, с чётко выраженными сезонами. В Казахстане — 7 крупных рек, длина каждой из которых превышает 1000 км. Крупнейшей авиакомпанией Казахстана является «Air Astana». По данным на май 2011 года на территории Казахстана зарегистрировано 3 264 400 легковых автомобилей. Вооружённые силы Республики Казахстан (ВС РК) были созданы указом президента Республики Казахстан Нурсултана Назарбаева 7 мая 1992 года. Численность всех национальностей, казахи,
русские, узбеки, украинцы, уйгуры, татары, немцы итд. Нурсултан Абишевич Назарбаев (каз. Нұрсұлтан Әбішұлы Назарбаев) р. 6 июля 1940 года, с. Чемолган, Каскеленский район, Алма-Атинская область — казахстанский государственный и политический деятель, первый президент Казахстана с 10 декабря 1991 года. Президент Казахской ССР.
Jiang Zemin arrives for Asia summit
1. Mountains surrounding Kazakstan's capital Almaty
2. Cutaway flags
3. Officials waiting at Almaty airport
4. Kazakh military and red carpet on runway
5. Cutaway security
6. Chinese President Jiang Zemin's plane on tarmac
7. Zemin's plane on tarmac with officials
8. Zemin disembarking from plane
9. Jiang greeted by Kazak officials
10. Jiang walks across tarmac to waiting cars, surrounded by officials and press
STORYLINE:
Chinese President Jiang Zemin arrived in Kazakstan on Monday ahead of a 16-nation security summit in Almaty.
The Conference on Interaction and Confidence-building Measures in Asia (CICA), is holding its first full meeting since being proposed in 1992.
Top of the agenda is the escalating tension between nuclear-capable rivals Pakistan and India over the disputed province of Kashmir.
Jiang Zemin and Russian President Vladimir Putin are scheduled to meet separately with Pakistani President General Pervez Musharraf and Indian prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee on Tuesday, to encourage them to talk face to face.
Although Musharraf on Monday reiterated his willingness to hold direct talks, Vajpayee has refused to do so until the infiltration of Pakistan-based Islamic militants into Indian territory is halted.
Musharraf and other Pakistani officials have insisted they are cracking down, and they dispute India's contention that Pakistan actively helps the militants.
They say that Pakistan provides only moral and diplomatic support for Kashmiris, most of them Muslims, who want either independence or a merger with Islamic Pakistan.
Meanwhile tensions remain high in the disputed province.
Sources in Muzaffarabad, capital of the Pakistani-controlled part of Kashmir, said steady shelling by both sides had been reported Monday across the Line of Control dividing the disputed region.
Two people, a suspected Muslim militant and a civilian, were killed.
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Kazakhstan | Basic Information | Everyone Must Know
#Kazakhstan #Countryinformation #FirstWorldPeoples Kazakhstan officially the Republic of Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi).It is a transcontinental country largely located in Asia; the most western parts are located in Europe. Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.
Kazakhstan is officially a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage.Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of 2018. Given its large land area, its population density is among the lowest, at less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq mi). The capital is Astana, where it was moved in 1997 from Almaty, the country's largest city.
The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by Turkic nomads who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as Turkic Khaganate etc. In the 13th century, the territory joined the Mongolian Empire under Genghis Khan. By the 16th century, the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group, divided into three jüz (ancestor branches occupying specific territories). The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century, they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times. In 1936, it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union.
Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The current President, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, has been leader of the country since 19 March 2019 after the resignation of his predecessor, who is characterised as authoritarian. His predecessor had led a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition.Kazakhstan has worked to develop its economy, especially its dominant hydrocarbon industry.Human Rights Watch says that Kazakhstan heavily restricts freedom of assembly, speech, and religion, and other human rights organisations regularly describe Kazakhstan's human rights situation as poor.
Геноцид Казаков (Макаш Татимов - часть 2)
About 70 kilometers west of Kazakhstan's commercial capital, Almaty, the village is dissected by a highway. Farmers work in the fields growing mainly melons and wheat.
But what lies underground in Samsy is a nearly forgotten page in Kazakh history.
Dotting the fields there are scores of mounds, a little more than a meter high. Buried beneath these mounds are the unnamed dead from a horrific man-made famine in the early 1930s, which killed at least 1 million Kazakhs.
While other former Soviet states, notably Ukraine, have marked the great Soviet famine, which spanned the winters of 1931-33, the Kazakh government has sought to bury this bitter memory along with the forgotten victims.
As many as 14 million people in the Soviet Union died of starvation during Josef Stalin's forced collectivization drive. Ukraine was worst affected, but the famine spread to Kazakhstan, the North Caucasus, and parts of Russia.
Samsy is just one of hundreds of villages and towns in Kazakhstan where tales of the famine are still remembered.
In the village of Oyil in Kazakhstan's Aqtobe Province, Kural Tokmurzin, now in his 70s, remembers the stories his mother and other relatives told him about those times.
Tokmurzin told RFE/RL's Kazakh Service that it started when Communist Party officials arrived in Oyil, in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, as the collectivization of agriculture began.
They were looking for kulaks, he said, the term given to anyone who appeared to be better off financially than other people. In the case of Oyil, that meant those fortunate few who owned livestock -- perhaps a dozen sheep or a few horses.
Many of the people whose sheep and horses were confiscated had to move to inner Russia, to Karakalpakistan, and on to Iran or to Uzbekistan, Tokmurzin said. There were rumors that life was easier there, that it was easier to survive. Those who stayed suffered but survived the winter of 1929-1930. But the worst season came in 1930-31 when the famine started.
The collectivization process hit the traditionally nomadic Kazakhs hard. They were suddenly forced to settle in one spot and, as Tokmurzin said, those who had more than just a few farm animals were treated as kulaks.
Added to that were the requisitions from Moscow that demanded huge shares of the crops so that the Soviet government could obtain hard currency and purchase machinery for the numerous factories being built.
Thousands of Kazakhs fled the famine. Tokmurzin's Uncle Shitan went to the Russian city of Orenburg and then Stalingrad (now Volgograd) to look for work and food. But he returned when the Soviet government began distributing food aid to Kazakhstan in 1933.
'Gangs Of Cannibals'
By then Kazakhstan was in chaos. People told him the roads were lined with corpses and that wild animals, particularly wolves, were eating the corpses, Tokmurzin said. The people said these animals might attack my uncle. More shocking were the tales of gangs of cannibals roaming the countryside.
Preparing to complete his journey back to Oyil, he was again warned that there were starving people cannibalizing others in Kolda.
Shitan decided to leave but told his nephew years later that after he departed Kolda he sensed he was being followed. He went to a nearby river and saw that several men were pursuing him. Shitan jumped in the icy river and swam across to escape his pursuers.
The devastation was monumental, but was often only discovered later.
In 1967, authorities decided to build a House of Culture in Oyil. As excavation began, workers found the skulls and other bones of young children.
It emerged that Tokmurzin had an older brother and sister, born before the famine started. They, like thousands of other children, were given to the authorities who promised to give them the care their parents could not provide during those hard times. Neither survived.
Estimates of the total number of people who died due to the famine vary. But all sources agree that more than 1 million ethnic Kazakhs alone died during the famine, although many say the number of dead Kazakhs was twice as high.
In the 1980s, Professor Talas Omarbekov of Kazakhstan State University was allowed to view the Soviet archives about the country's famine.
What I saw was the figure that 2.3 million people died. This is only the figure for ethnic Kazakhs. If you add the hundreds of thousands from other ethnic groups who died, we can say that during collectivization we lost half our population, Omarbekov said.
The figures Omarbekov cites do not include the tens of thousands who fled to other areas of the Soviet Union or beyond its borders to Iran, China, and Mongolia.
Even as late as 1959, ethnic Kazakhs accounted for less than 30 percent of the population in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. According to some figures, up to 90 percent of the animal herds of the nomadic Kazakhs had died.
euronews Life - Almaty: Kazakhstan's Garden City
The city of Almaty lies to the south of Kazakhstan, a stop off point in years gone by on the Silk Road, the great trading route that linked east and west.
Trade and economy are still at the heart of Almaty which was once the country's capital. It is the financial centre of central Asia and attracted some six million tourists last year. History, hot summers and a raft of winter sports on tap are among the top attractions.
In the hustle and bustle of modern development Almaty has not forgotten long held traditions like the famous steam baths, the Russian Banya.
Some like it hot first thing. Bagdat Yermagambedov has been taking the steam for 30 years.
Its a tradition here and everyone likes to start the week with a Banya to gather energy for the rest of the week, but what is a Russian bath without the steam - its not a bath! It's a great pleasure to come here to the steam rooms to re-charge our energy, he explained.
The vast Arasan complex was opened in 1982 and has been hailed as the best 'Banya' in central Asia. If a massage is not for you there are many other ways of ending your visit.
Some people like to start the day with a good thrashing; birch leaves pummel the skin and its supposed to stimulate the circulation to take the stress out of the day before you have even started. It doesn't so much hurt as it stings.
A morning in the Banya is perhaps the perfect preparation for a visit to the busy Green Bazaar. On the Silk Road it is Kazakhstan's biggest market and brings to life all the finest traditions of the Asian bazaar, buying selling and meeting people.
The word Almaty means city of apples and the region is believed to be the ancestral home of the apple as one stallholder pointed out: The apples from Almaty are considered to be top quality and we have many different varieties, and of those the most appetising, the most popular and well known, is this one here - the Aport.
Underground for the commuter its all less crowded where you can get a seat at any time of the day on the new metro.
Opened just six months ago the metro was 23 years in the planning and finished at an estimated cost of 900 million euros. The platforms and seven stations on the 8.5 kilometre stretch have gleaming marble floors.
Two more stations are set to open. Soon they will be buzzing with more passengers.
Beyond the city boundary you will hear the motto of a group of children echo in the mountain air. We don't take the easiest path, they chant.
Local climber Maxut Zhumayev started this childrens' camp. He is one of only 12 mountaineers to scale the 14 peaks over 8,000 metres without oxygen, a remarkable feat.
Not quite the heights which 11-year-old Iskander Temirtas is aiming for. At the summit he wants to take an easier route down but is told he can't. Maxut has banned mobile phones, iPads and computer games.
I want children to believe in themselves, in their power, their force. Its very important for me that they use me as an example so that they can see that you can climb Everest, you can be the strongest and win Olympic medals. There is nothing too difficult in this life, he said.
Maxut is hoping his philosophy will catch the imagination of a new generation and his mountain camps will grow to become an integral part of life in Almaty.
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Cooperation between Kazakhstan and Russia
Almaty Women Make the News, Irina Mednikova, 2015
UNESCO Almaty Interview. Irina Mednikova - journalist. I worked for about eight years in journalism. In newspapers such as the Republic, wrote for Forbes, Esquire. Now I work as a consultant for UN Women Multi-Country Office for Central Asia, and besides, as Head of the Kazakhstan Youth Information Service.
How women are represented in the media , in my opinion it is directly dependent and due to the fact how they are represented in politics, economy, in their professions, the business sector, arts and so on.
In order to get into the media, get access to the microphone, get access to self-expression through the media, the woman should be the bearer of information occasion, carries some important facts or public opinion.
If we look at the representation of women in politics in Kazakhstan, we see that over the last ten years this representation has grown.
Now we have the government 16 % of women and in parliament 26%. Now, and have been in the past, a number of women ministers. Overall ( in Kazakhstan) the representation of women in government about 30%. Consequently , the media provide a microphone and public authorities receive 30 % women's views and views of 70% of men.
With regard to women's access to the media as whole (women, as part of our population), especially for women in the fields and villages, in my opinion, this is a big problem with the Institute of Media, in Journalism. Coverage problems in the regions in general is paid very little attention.
We have news (in Kazakhstan) are concentrated around major public events. This newswires reprinted in media supplemented with expert commentary. Also later in the subjects interviewed. And we both create a path constantly going on the same subjects and the media probably will not do this step of the way and not get bogged down deep in people's problems.
--End--
--Russian begin--
Интервью Бюро ЮНЕСКО в Алматы. Ирина Медникова - журналист. Я работала около восьми лет в журналистике в таких газетах как Республика, писала для Forbes, Esquire. Сейчас работаю консультантом для Многостранового отделения Структуры «ООН-женщины» в Центральной Азии и кроме этого, возглавляю Молодежный Информационный Службу Казахстана.
Насколько женщины представлены в средствах массовой информации, это на мой взгляд, напрямую зависит и связано с тем, насколько они представлены в политике экономике в своих профессиях, бизнес секторе в искусстве и так далее.
Для того чтобы попасть в СМИ, получить доступ к микрофону доступ к самовыражению через СМИ, женщина должна быть носителем информационного повода, носителем каких-то фактов или важного для общества мнения.
Если мы посмотрим на представленность женщины в политике Казахстана, мы увидим что на протяжении последних десяти лет эта представленность росла.
Сейчас мы имеем в правительстве 16 процентов женщин имеем в парламенте 26 процентов женщин. Сейчас и были в прошлом несколько женщин министров. В целом (в Казахстане) представленность женщин в государственных органах порядка 30%. Следовательно СМИ предоставляют микрофон государственным органам получают 30% мнений женщин и 70% мнений мужчин.
Что касается доступа к СМИ женщин в целом, женщина как части нашего населения, в особенности женщин в областях, селах, на мой взгляд это большая проблема институтом СМИ, с самой журналистикой. Потому что освещению проблем регионов, вообще-то очень мало уделяется внимания.
Kazakh orphans face social stigma - 26 Dec 09
More than 16,000 children in the central Asian Republic of Kazakhstan are estimated to be living in state-run orphanages.
But, as Al Jazeera's Robin Forestier-Walker reports from Almaty, the social stigma surrounding adoption and foster care means many children are unlikely to find a new family.
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Born In Kazakhstan (celebrities, athletes, musicians....) - 10 Famous People
Some fun facts about those who were born in Kazakhstan AKA Republic of Kazakhstan, Қазақстан Республикасы (Kazakh), Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy, Республика Казахстан (Russian) and Respublika Kazakhstan that most people are not aware; artist, politicians, host, comedians and etc.
Home of the Karkaraly National Park, Kazakh steppe, Ak Orda Presidential Palace, Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center, Nur Alem, Air Astana, Bayanaul National Park, Baikonur Cosmodrome, Khazret Sultan Mosque, Kazakh National University of Arts, Football Federation of Kazakhstan FFK, International Astana Action Film Festival and etc.
Kazakhstan, a Central Asian country and former Soviet republic, extends from the Caspian Sea in the west to the Altai Mountains at its eastern border with China and Russia. Its largest metropolis, Almaty, is a long-standing trading hub whose landmarks include Ascension Cathedral, a tsarist-era Russian Orthodox church, and the Central State Museum of Kazakhstan, displaying thousands of Kazakh artifacts.
Capital: Astana
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