Great Living Chola Temples

Great Living Chola Temples Great Living Chola Temples (UNESCO/NHK)

Site inscribed in 1987
The great Temple of Tanjore (Thanjavur) was built between 1003 and 1010 in the reign of the great King Rajaraja, founder of the Chola Empire which stretched over all of South India and the neighbouring islands. Surrounded by two rectangular enclosures, the Brihadisvara Temple (built from blocks of granite and, in part, from bricks) is crowned with a pyramidal 13-storey tower, the vimana, standing 61 m high and topped ...

Source: UNESCO TV / © NHK Nippon Hoso Kyokai
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Seven Wonders of India: The Chola temple of Thanjavur (Aired: January 2009)

Seven Wonders Of India: Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu is one of the most important world heritage sites. It is home to the most ambitious granite monument of the world.

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Great Living Chola Temples, South India 2016 大チョーラ朝寺院群 南インド FZ1000 (4K)

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Panasonic LUMIX DMC-FZ1000 (4K)
Date：
01-02/05/2016
Place：
Tamil Nadu, South India

Great Living Chola Temples:


0:00
Brihadeeswarar Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram:

1:33
Airavatesvara Temple, Darasuram, Kumbakonam:

2:49
Periya Kovil, Thanjavur:

GREAT LIVING CHOLA TEMPLES TAMILNADU INDIA #AFFINITYTTRAVELVLOG LORD SHIVA TEMPLES INDIA

IDEAL RIVER VIEW RESORT at THANJAVUR : NEAT AND CLEAN ROOMS with good river view .idealresort.com
Brihadeeswarar Temple Tamil Nadu:

It is a peerless piece of architecture and represents the culture during Chola Dynasty in India. Moreover, it is a significant Hindu Temple built in ancient times.

Peruvudaiyar Kovil, well known as Brihadeeswarar Temple, RajaRajeshwara and Rajarajeswaram Temple, was edified by Raja Raja Chola I in the year 1010 AD. This ancient shrine is situated at Thanjavur district in Tamil Nadu. Brihadeeshwara Temple is a revered temple for Hindus, which they bestow to Lord Shiva (The God of destruction). This temple is one of the largest temples of India, and one of supreme brilliances of Indian architecture.
AIRAVATESVARA TEMPLE :

Architecture Of The Temple The temple is built using Dravidian architectural style, and is known for its exquisite carvings and sculptures. The mythical creatures called Yalis are sculpted on the pillars of the temple. Yalis are creatures with an elephant's trunk, a bull's body, a lion's head, a ram's horns and a pig's ears. The steps to the temple is another interesting feature of the structure. These are musical steps that produce all the seven 'swaras' (notes) of music when tapped on different points of the steps.

Gangaikonda Cholapuram:

A place of great historical relevance which marked the beginning of one of the greatest reign in Southern Indian history, Gangaikonda Cholapuram was the capital city of the Chola Empire for more than two centuries. The town was built by the Chola King Rajendra in order to commemorate his victory over the Pala Dynasty. He along with his son King Rajendra I envisaged of building a city with great architectural marvels, lavish fields and great pride. It was the center of Chola Empire's reign over much of south-east Asia. Today the great historical city is nothing but a small village with the Lord Siva temple as the symbol of the grandeur of its once glorious path. Compared many a times to Thanjavur, another great Chola city, Gangaikonda Cholapuram is a great place to explore and unfold its heritage, grandeur and elaborate marvels and tales, safely tucked in history.

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Built Spaces: Living Legacies: Film on Chola Temples of Thanjavur and Kumbhakonam

Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur

The celebrated Saiva temple at Thanjavur, appropriately called Brihadisvara and Daksinameru, is the grandest creation of the Chola emperor Rajaraja (AD 985-1012). It was inaugurated by the king himself in his 19th regnal year (AD 1009-10) and named it after himself as Rajesvara Peruvudaiyar. Architecturally, it is the most ambitious structural temple built of granite. It has been regarded as a 'landmark in the evolution of building art in south India' and its vimana as a 'touchstone of Indian architecture as a whole'. The temple is within a spacious inner prakara of 240.9 m long (east-west) and 122 m broad (north-south), with a gopura at the east and three other ordinary torana entrances one at each lateral sides and the third at rear.

Brihadisvara temple, Gangaikondacholapuram, Dist. Perambalur

Rajendra I (AD 1012-1044), the illustrious son of the great Chola king Rajaraja I (AD 985-1014) chose this location to build a new a great capital city for the Chola Empire most probably during the first quarter of 11th century in order to commemorate his conquest over northern territories. Nonetheless, he not only built a city, now in ruins and excavated partially but also a great temple for Siva. The Brihadisvara at Tanjavur had influenced this temple in many ways like the vast conception of the lay out and massive proportion of the elevation.

The lay out -- the sanctum with its axial units, the Chandikesvara shrine, the cloister mandapa with the subsidiary shrines and a gopura is similar to Tanjavur. The location of two smaller shrines -- The South and North Kailasa (now the Amman shrine) are different. But the architect of this edifice has shown remarkable intelligence to correct some of the shortcomings in the design of the Brihadisvara at Tanjavur like the provision for erecting a wooden scaffolding in the masonry of the sanctum, the pleasing elevation by appropriately changing and placing the hara elements etc.

The inscription recording accurately the donations to the God of the temple is missing here. In fact, there is no inscription of Rajendra himself. The earliest inscription is that of his son, but recording the donations of his father.

The temple has sculptures of exceptional quality like the dancing Ganesa, Ardhanari, Dakshinamurthi, Harihara, Adavallan (Nataraja) (on south wall niches), Gangadhara, Lingodhbhava, Vishnu, Subrahmanya, Vishnu-anugrahmurthi (west wall), Kalanthakamurthi, Durga, Brahma, Bairava, Kamantaka (north wall). But the most outstanding sculptures are found in the niches by the side of the northern entrance steps to the sanctum. They are the Chandesanugrahamurti and Sarasvati. The bronzes of Bhogasakti and Subrahmanya are masterpieces of Chola metal icons. The Saurapitha (Solar altar), the lotus altar with eight deities is considered auspicious.

A British officer in 19th century considered this temple as the best source for stones for the construction of a weir across the river Kollidam and therefore ordered its demolition. But the temple was not demolished due to protest by the locals.

Airavatesvara temple, Darasuram, Dist. Tanjavur

Built by the Chola king Rajaraja II (AD 1143-1173), this temple is a gem of Chola architecture. Though much smaller in size when compared to the Brihadisvara temple at Tanjavur and Gangaikondacholapuram, this temple is different as it is highly ornate in execution. The temple consists of a sanctum without a circumambulatory path and axial mandapas. The front mandapa known in the inscriptions as Rajagambhiran tirumandapam, is unique as it was conceptualised as a chariot with wheels. The pillars of this mandapa are highly ornate. The elevation of all the units is elegant with sculptures dominating the architecture.

A number of sculptures from this temple like the full set of Bhikshatana with rishi patnis is various moods, are now preserved in the Tanjavur Art Gallery. They are the masterpieces of Chola art. Remaining ones like Nagaraja, Agastya, dancing Martanda Bhairava, Sarabhamurti, Ganesa etc., are equally gracious. The labelled miniature friezes extolling the events that happened to the 63 nayanmars (Saiva saints) are noteworthy and reflect the deep roots of Saivism in this region. In fact, the king made donation for the singing of hymns from Thevaram, the Saivite sacred book in Tamil, in this temple.

The construction of a separate temple for Devi, slightly later than the main temple, indicates the emergence of Amman shrine as an essential component of the south Indian temple complex.

The Brihadeeswara temple, Great Living Chola Temples, Thanjavur

Brihadeeswara temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, situated at Thanjavur in Tamilnadu. For more details click on -


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7 Wonders of India: Thanjavur Chola Temple

Located in Tamil Nadu, the Brihadisvara temple at Thanjavur was built by the great ruler Rajaraja Chola of the Chola dynasty. The 10th century AD site is an example of Dravidian temple architecture. The central temple called the Periya Koyil, or big temple, stands inside a fort whose walls were built later on in the 16th century. The Great Living Chola Temples consist of the 11th century Brihadisvara temple at Thanjavur, the 11th century Brihadisvara temple at Gangaikondacholisvaram, and the 12th century Airavateswara temple at Darasuram. Temple consists of the garbhagriha, ardhamandapa, mahamandapa and mukhamandapa and aligned on the east- west axis. This site is recognised by UNESCO.

World Heritage Wonders - Great Living Chola Temples [1080p]

World Heritage Wonders - Great Living Chola Temples

World Heritage Great Living Chola Temples in India

According to Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)

The celebrated Saiva temple at Thanjavur, appropriately called Brihadisvara and Daksinameru, is the grandest creation of the Chola emperor Rajaraja (AD 985-1012). It was inaugurated by the king himself in his 19th regnal year (AD 1009-10) and named it after himself as Rajesvara Peruvudaiyar. Architecturally, it is the most ambitious structural temple built of granite. It has been regarded as a ‘landmark in the evolution of building art in south India’ and its vimana as a ‘touchstone of Indian architecture as a whole’. The temple is within a spacious inner prakara of 240.9 m long (east-west) and 122 m broad (north-south), with a gopura at the east and three other ordinary torana entrances one at each lateral sides and the third at rear. The prakara is surrounded by a double-storeyed malika with parivaralayas. The temple with its massive proportions and simplicity of design provided inspiration for future designs in constructions not only in south India but also in south-east Asia.

The sikhara, a cupolic dome, is octagonal and rests on a single block of granite, a square of 7.8 m weighing 80 tons. The majestic upapitha and adhishthana are common to all the axially placed entities like the ardha-maha and mukha-mandapas and linked to the main sanctum but approached through a north-south transept across the ardha-mandapa which is marked by lofty sopanas. The moulded plinth is extensively engraved with inscriptions by its royal builder who refers to his many endowments, pious acts and organisational events connected to the temple. The brihad-linga within the sanctum is 8.7 m high. Life-size iconographic representations on the wall niches and inner passages include Durga, Lakshmi, Sarasvati and Bhikshatana, Virabhadra, Kalantaka, Natesa, Ardhanarisvara and Alingana forms of Siva. The mural paintings on the walls of the lower ambulatory inside are finest examples of Chola and later periods which depict the contemporaneous scenes with legendary ones.

Sarfoji, a local Maratha ruler, rebuilt the Ganapati shrine. The celebrated Thanjavur School of paintings of the Nayakas is largely superimposed over the Chola murals. The temple is rich in iconography as well as inscriptions which provide an account of events showing achievements, financial arrangements, donations and bearing an impression of contemporary society.

Two great Chola Temples of the 11th and 12th centuries have been added to the 11th century Brihadisvara temple of Thanjavur, inscribed in 1987. The Great Living Chola Temples were built by kings of the Chola Empire, which stretched over all of South India and the neighbouring islands. The site now includes the three great 11th and 12th century Chola Temples: the Brihadisvara temple of Thanjavur, the Temple of Gangaikondacholapuram and the Airavatesvara temple at Darasuram.

The Temple of Gangaikondacholapuram, built by Rajendra I, was completed in 1035. Its 53-m vimana (sanctum tower) has recessed corners and a graceful upward curving movement, contrasting with the straight and severe tower at Thanjavur. It has six pairs of massive, monolithic dvarapalas statues guarding the entrances and bronzes of remarkable beauty inside. The Airavatesvara temple complex at Darasuram, built by Rajaraja II, features a 24-m vimana and a stone image of Shiva. The temples testify to the Cholas brilliant achievements in architecture, sculpture, painting, and bronze casting.

Brihadisvara Temple ~ Thanjavur ~ UNESCO World Heritage Site ~ Great Living Chola Temples of India

Brihadishvara Temple, also called Rajarajesvaram or Peruvudaiyar Koyil, is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.It is one of the largest South Indian temples and an exemplary example of a fully realized Dravidian architecture.It is called as Dhakshina Meru (Meru of south). Built by Raja Raja Chola in between 1003 and 1010 AD, the temple is a part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the Great Living Chola Temples, along with the Chola dynasty era Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple and Airavatesvara temple that are about 70 Kms & 40 Kms to its northeast respectively.

Brihadishvara is a Sanskrit composite word composed of Brihat which means big, great, lofty, vast, & Ishvara means lord, Shiva, supreme being, supreme atmah (soul). The name means the great lord, big Shiva temple. Locally, the temple is called the big temple, while in historic inscriptions it is also referred to as the Rajarajeswaram and Peruvudaiyar temple.

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Thanjore Treasure - Secret of Chola Temples

Thanjavur is place you must visit once in a life time, the place which stores in it's heart some of India's finest architecture. These architectures together called as Great Living Chola Temples, is a World Heritage Site. The Big Temple of Tanjore or Brihadeeshwara Temple and the Airavateswara Temple.

The Great Living Chola Temples - A Tour - Mahindra Mojo - Aj Goes Places

Video clips from my visit to the Three Great Living Chola Temples in Tamil Nadu, South India!

Raja Raja Cholan - Temple | Tanjore temple | Temples of Chola Part-1

Brihadishvara Temple, also called Rajarajesvaram or Peruvudaiyar Kovil, is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the largest South Indian temple and an exemplary example of a fully realized Tamil architecture. It is called as Dhakshina Meru of south. Built by Raja Raja Chola I between 1003 and 1010 AD, the temple is a part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the Great Living Chola Temples, along with the Chola dynasty era Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple and Airavatesvara temple that are about 70 kilometres (43 mi) and 40 kilometres (25 mi) to its northeast respectively.

Gangaikonda Cholapuram - The Great living Chola Temples a world heritage site UNESCO

Brihadisvara Temple at Gangaikonda Cholapuram is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva in Gangaikonda Cholapuram, Jayankondam, in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Completed in 1035 AD by Rajendra Chola I as a part of his new capital, this Chola dynasty era temple is similar in design, and has a similar name, as the older 11th century, Brihadeeswarar Temple about 70 kilometres (43 mi) to the southwest in Thanjavur.The Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple is smaller yet more refined than the Thanjavur Temple. Both are among the largest Shiva temples in South India and examples of Dravidian style temples. The temple is also referred to in texts as Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple or Gangaikondacholeeswaram Temple

Airavatesvara Temple | Darasuram | Kumbakonam | Thanjavur | Tamil Nadu | History

The Airavatesvara temple is a large Hindu temple in the Kumbakonam area, Thanjavur District. The temple is dedicated to Shiva. It also reverentially displays Vaishnavism and Shaktism traditions of Hinduism, along with the legends associated with Nayanmars – the Bhakti movement saints of Shaivism.
At present, parts of the temple such as the gopuram is in ruins, and the main temple and associated shrines stand alone. It has two sun dials namely morning and evening sun dials which can be seen as wheels of the chariot. The temple continues to attract large gatherings of Hindu pilgrims every year during Magha, while some of the images such as those of Durga and Shiva are part of special pujas.

The temple was built by king Rajaraja Chola II. He ruled the Chola Empire between 1146 and 1172 CE. The established capital for his predecessors was Gangapuri, also referred in some inscriptions as Gangaikonda Cholapuram, named after the holy north Indian Ganges River and goddess. Rajaraja II, however, spent most of his time in the secondary capital city of Ayirattali, also called Palaiyarai and Rajarajapuri. This urban complex included Darasuram, the site of Airavatesvara Temple. He was a patron of Tamil literature and sponsored new Hindu temples in the empire, instead of enhancements and expansions supported by his father and grandfather. The temple at Ayirattali, which came to be known as Airavatesvarar temple in inscriptions is one of his legacy. The Airavatesvara temple was much larger than it is now. It had sapta veedhis (seven streets) and seven courts, similar to the Srirangam temple, according to the inscriptions. All are gone, except the one court with the main temple that survives. There are ruins of gopuram and some structures at some distance from the current visitor premises confirming that the site was badly damaged at some point like the other major Chola era temples and various Chola cities including the capital Gangaikonda Cholapuram.
The reasons for this destruction are unclear. According to Vasanthi, the Pandyas who defeated the Cholas during the later part of 13th century may have raged the city [Gangaikonda Cholapuram] to ground to avenge their previous defeats. However, it is unclear why other temples were destroyed and this temple was spared, as well as why there are around 20 inscriptions from later Cholas, Pandyas and Vijayanagar Empire indicating various gifts and grants to this temple. An alternate theory links the destruction to the raids, plunder and wars, particularly with the invasion of the capital city and the territories that were earlier a part by the Chola Empire along with Madurai by the armies of Delhi Sultanate led by the Muslim commander Malik Kafur in 1311, followed by Khusrau Khan in 1314 and Muhammad bin Tughlaq in 1327. The period that followed saw wars between the Hindu kings and the Muslim Sultans who seceded the Delhi Sultanate and carved out new polity such as the nearby Madurai Sultanate (1335–1378). The Vijayanagara Empire defeated the Madurai Sultanate in 1378 and this temple along with other Chola era temples thereafter came under Hindu kings again who repaired and restored many of them.

Airavatesvara Temple was added to UNESCO's World Heritage Site list of Great Living Chola Temples in the year 2004. The Great Living Chola Temples includes the Brihadeeswara Temple at Thanjavur, the Temple of Gangaikondacholisvaram at Gangaikonda Cholapuram and the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram. All of these temples were built by the Cholas between the 10th and 12th centuries CE and have a lot of similarities.
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Structural Temples of Cholas

Subject:Indian Culture
Paper: Art & Architecture of India-I

Great Living Chola Temples

The Great Living Chola Temples are temples built during the Chola rule in the south of India. These temples are the Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur, the Temple of Gangaikondacholisvaram and the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram. The Brihadisvara Temple was declared by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1987; the Temple of Gangaikondacholisvaram and the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram were added as extensions to the site in 2004. The site is now known as the Great Living Chola Temples.


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Brihadeeswara Temple- Thanjavur - Shiva Temple - Temples of India [TAMILNADU]

Rajarajeswaram redirects here. For the Shiva temple in Taliparamba, Kerala, see Rajarajeshwara Temple.
Peruvudaiyaar Kovil
Temple complex with Main Gopuram
Peruvudaiyaar Kovil is located in Tamil Nadu Peruvudaiyaar KovilPeruvudaiyaar Kovil
Location in Tamil Nadu
Coordinates: 10°46′58″N 79°07′54″ECoordinates: 10°46′58″N 79°07′54″E
Name
Other names: Brihadeshwara Temple
Big Temple
Proper name: Peruvudaiyaar Temple
Location
Country: India
State: Tamil Nadu
District: Thanjavur
Location: Thanjavur
Architecture and culture
Primary deity: Lord Shiva
Important festivals: Maha Shivaratri
Architectural styles: Dravidian Architecture
History
Date built:
(Current structure) 11th century AD
Creator: Raja Raja Chola I
The Peruvudaiyar Kovil (Tamil: தஞ்சைப் பெருவுடையார் கோயில்) is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva that is located in the city of Thanjavur in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is an important example of Tamil architecture achieved during the Chola dynasty. It is also known as Periya Kovil, Brihadeshwara Temple, RajaRajeswara Temple and Rajarajeswaram, It is one of the largest temples in India and one of India's most prized architectural sites. Built by emperor Raja Raja Chola I and completed in 1010 AD, Peruvudaiyaar Temple, also popularly known as the 'Big Temple', turned 1000 years old in 2010. The temple is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the Great Living Chola Temples.

Thanjavur Periya Kovil stands amidst fortified walls that were probably added in the 16th century. The vimanam (or temple tower) is 216 ft (66 m) high[6] and is among the tallest of its kind in the world. The Kumbam (Kalasha or Chikharam, the apex or the bulbous structure on the top) of the temple is carved out of a single rock and it weighs around 80 tons. There is a big statue of Nandi (sacred bull), carved out of a single rock, at the entrance measuring about 16 feet long and 13 feet high. The entire temple structure is made out of granite, the nearest sources of which are close to Tiruchirappalli, about 60 km to the west of Thanjavur. The temple is the most visited tourist attraction in Thanjavur and the state alike.

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Airavatesvara Temple

Airavatesvara Temple is a Hindu temple of Dravidian architecture located in the town of Darasuram, near Kumbakonam in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. This temple, built by Rajaraja Chola II in the 12th century CE is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, along with the Brihadeeswara Temple at Thanjavur, the Gangaikondacholisvaram Temple at Gangaikonda Cholapuram that are referred to as the Great Living Chola Temples.