2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:42 1 Earthquake
00:07:11 1.1 Geology
00:11:35 1.2 Energy
00:12:51 1.3 Geophysical effects
00:17:03 1.4 Aftershocks
00:19:21 1.5 Earthquake Warning System
00:21:06 2 Tsunami
00:22:20 2.1 Japan
00:35:28 2.2 Elsewhere across the Pacific
00:40:11 3 Land subsidence
00:41:59 4 Casualties
00:42:08 4.1 Japan
00:47:41 4.2 Overseas
00:48:21 5 Damage and effects
00:50:26 5.1 Ports
00:51:44 5.2 Dams and water problems
00:52:52 5.3 Electricity
00:57:32 5.4 Oil, gas and coal
00:59:04 5.5 Nuclear power plants
01:02:36 5.5.1 Fukushima meltdowns
01:04:23 5.5.2 Incidents elsewhere
01:05:49 5.6 Wind power
01:06:13 5.7 Transport
01:10:31 5.8 Telecommunications
01:11:39 5.9 Defense
01:12:13 5.10 Space center
01:12:50 5.11 Cultural properties
01:14:12 6 Aftermath
01:16:14 7 Humanitarian response
01:16:42 8 Media coverage
01:19:32 9 Scientific and research response
01:24:03 10 See also
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SUMMARY
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The 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tōhoku (東北地方太平洋沖地震, Tōhoku-chihō Taiheiyō Oki Jishin) was a magnitude 9.0–9.1 (Mw) undersea megathrust earthquake off the coast of Japan that occurred at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) on Friday 11 March 2011, with the epicentre approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku and the hypocenter at an underwater depth of approximately 29 km (18 mi).
The earthquake is often referred to in Japan as the Great East Japan Earthquake (東日本大震災, Higashi nihon daishinsai) and is also known as the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, the Great Sendai Earthquake, the Great Tōhoku Earthquake, and the 3.11 earthquake.
It was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan, and the fourth most powerful earthquake in the world since modern record-keeping began in 1900.
The earthquake triggered powerful tsunami waves that may have reached heights of up to 40.5 metres (133 ft) in Miyako in Tōhoku's Iwate Prefecture, and which, in the Sendai area, traveled up to 10 km (6 mi) inland.The earthquake moved Honshu (the main island of Japan) 2.4 m (8 ft) east, shifted the Earth on its axis by estimates of between 10 cm (4 in) and 25 cm (10 in), increased earth's rotational speed by 1.8 µs per day, and generated infrasound waves detected in perturbations of the low-orbiting GOCE satellite.
Initially, the earthquake caused sinking of part of Honshu's Pacific coast by up to roughly a metre, but after about three years, the coast rose back and kept on rising to exceed its original height.The tsunami swept the Japanese mainland and killed over ten thousand people, mainly through drowning, though blunt trauma also caused many deaths. The latest report from the Japanese National Police Agency report confirms 15,897 deaths, 6,157 injured, and 2,533 people missing across twenty prefectures, and a report from 2015 indicated 228,863 people were still living away from their home in either temporary housing or due to permanent relocation.A report by the National Police Agency of Japan on 10 September 2018 listed 121,778 buildings as total collapsed, with a further 280,926 buildings half collapsed, and another 699,180 buildings partially damaged. The earthquake and tsunami also caused extensive and severe structural damage in north-eastern Japan, including heavy damage to roads and railways as well as fires in many areas, and a dam collapse. Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan said, In the 65 years after the end of World War II, this is the toughest and the most difficult crisis for Japan. Around 4.4 million households in northeastern Japan were left without electricity and 1.5 million without water.The tsunami caused nuclear accidents, primarily the level 7 meltdowns at three reactors in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Pow ...