Old Lithuania Minor / Masuria Part 1
Lithuania Minor (Lithuanian: Mažoji Lietuva; German: Kleinlitauen; Polish: Litwa Mniejsza; Russian: Máлая Литвá) or Prussian Lithuania (Lithuanian: Prūsų Lietuva; German: Preußisch-Litauen, Polish: Litwa Pruska) is a historical ethnographic region of Prussia, later East Prussia in Germany, where Prussian Lithuanians or Lietuvininkai lived. Lithuania Minor enclosed the northern part of this province and got its name due to the territory's substantial Lithuanian-speaking population. Prior to the invasion of the Teutonic Knights in the 13th century, the main part of the territory later known as Lithuania Minor was inhabited by the tribes of Skalvians and Nadruvians. The land became depopulated to some extent during the warfare between Lithuania and the Order. The war ended with the Treaty of Melno and the land was resettled by Lithuanian newcomers, returning refugees, and the remaining indigenous Baltic peoples; the term Lithuania Minor appeared for the first time between 1517 and 1526. With the exception of the Klaipėda Region, which became a mandated territory of the League of Nations in 1920 by the Treaty of Versailles and was annexed to Lithuania from 1923 to 1939, the area was part of Prussia until 1945. Today a small portion of Lithuania Minor is within the borders of modern Lithuania and Poland while most of the territory is part of the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. Wiki -
Part 2:
Part 3:
EVENT: Pancake Day in Open Air Museum of Lithuania.
Lietuvos liaudies buities muziejus – muziejus po atviru dangumi, atidarytas 1974 m. Rumšiškėse, prie Pravienos upelio žiočių, Kauno marių pakrantėje. Tai didžiausias ir žymiausias tokio pobūdžio muziejus Lietuvoje, vienas didžiausių pagal užimamą plotą (195 ha) ir eksponuojamų nekilnojamųjų pastatų skaičių (149) muziejų Europoje.
Vietovę galima rasti: Lietuvos liaudies buities muziejus - L. Lekavičiaus g. 2, Rumšiškės, Kaišiadorių raj.
Važiuojant maršrutiniu autobusu Vilniaus ar Kauno kryptimi, nuo stotelių greitkelyje Vilnius - Kaunas ~1,8 km iki muziejaus centrinio įėjimo.
Mikroautobusais, važiuojantys Rumšiškių kryptimi iš Kauno, sustoja Rumšiškių miestelyje. Nuo stotelės iki muziejaus centrinio įėjimo ~500 m.
Visa kita informacija:
Open Air Museum of Lithuania is a unique and one of the largest (195 ha) open-air ethnographic museums in Europe. It has the biggest quantity of exhibits (140 buildings and over 88 000 mobile exhibits). The museum presents the mode of life, works, and traditions of peasants and townspeople of all Lithuanian ethnographic areas: Dzūkija, Aukštaitija, Suvalkija, Žemaitija and Lithuania Minor.
You can reach us: The museum is situated near the highway A1/E85, Vilnius - Kaunas, 25 km from Kaunas, 79 km from Vilnius. The most comfortable access by your own transport. You can also take a bus, train, or ship to get to this location.
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10 Best Cities to Visit in Lithuania
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Here are some of Vilnius most popular attractions:
Cathedral Square.
Old Town and the St Anne’s Church, Gate of Dawn and the Gediminas Castle.
New Town and the Gediminas Avenue.
Jewish district and the Jewish Synagogue.
Republic of Uzupis.
Here’s a list of Kaunas most popular attractions:
Old Town, and the Kaunas Town Hall, Kaunas Castle, Historical Presidential Palace, House of Perkūnas, Kaunas Cathedral, Church of St. Gertrude and Vytautas’ Church.
New Town, and the Liberty Avenue, St. Michael the Archangel Church and the Central Post Office.
Pazaislis Monastery and the Kaunas Lagoon Regional Park.
Numerous museums and theaters, such as the Konstantinas Ciurlionis Museum, Devil‘s Museum and the Musical Theatre, the Drama Theatre, the Puppet Theatre and the Kaunas Pantomime Theatre.
Here are some of Klaipėda’s top sights:
Old Town and the Theatre Square, the Lietuvninkų Square, the Aukštoji street, and the Didžioji vandens street.
The Harbor and the “Meridianas” sailboat, plus the “Black Sea Ghost” statue.
Museums, such as: Klaipėda Sea Museum and Dolphinarium, and the Museum of Clocks and Watches.
The Melnragė Pier.
“Švyturys” beer brewery.
So while visiting Šiauliai make sure to visit these popular attractions:
The Hill of Crosses.
Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul.
The Bicycle Museum.
Radio and TV Tech institute.
Talkša lake with the “Iron Fox” sculpture.
Make sure to check out these popular attractions upon visiting Kernavė:
Pajauta Valley and the Cultural Reserve of Kernavė.
Kernavė Town Museum.
The Church of St. Virgin Maria Skaplierinė.
The octagonal wooden chapel.
Algirdas Alekna “Paslapčių” museum.
Here’s a full list of the main sights in Palanga:
Jonas Basanavicius boulevard with the Sea Bridge at the end.
Alley of Counts Tiskeviciai with the Concert Hall and the Palanga Kurhaus hotel and restaurant.
Tiskeviciai Palace and the Most Holy Virgin Mary’s Ascension Church.
Museums, such as: the Amber Museum and the Palanga Resort Museum, as well as parks, such as the Birutė Park with its Birutė Hill and chapel, the Sculpture Park, and the Fairytales Park.
The Curonian Spit (a UNESCO World Heritage Site) with its soft and sandy beaches.
In summary, here are the must things to see and do in Trakai:
Trakai’s Historical National Park.
Trakai Island Castle and the Museum of History.
Trakai’s Kenesa synagogue.
The Užutrakis Manor.
Karaim community restaurants offering a traditional dish “Kybyn”.
To summarize Anykščiai’s popular attractions:
The Old Town and the Church of St. Mat Apostle and Evangelist, the old cemetery and the Church of St. Alexander.
Home-museums of famous Lithuanian authors – Antanas Vienuolis and Antanas Baranauskas, plus the Horse Museum.
Anykščiai’s pinewood with “Puntukas” Stone.
Kalita Hill.
Here are the top sights to see in Druskininkai:
The Old Town and the wooden villas, plus the Avenues of Maironio, Kosciuškos and Vilniaus, as well as the diamond-shaped main square.
The Russian Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.
The “Druskininkai Water Theme Park” and the “One” Adventure Park.
Spas and wellness centers – they all are pretty good.
Lake Druskonis beach coast and the banks of the Nemunas river.
Here are the main sights in Rumšiškės:
The Town Center.
St. Michael Archangel Church.
Rumšiškės Open-Air Ethnographic Museum.
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Klaipeda, Earth-born Beauty
Klaipėda (Lithuanian pronunciation: [ˈkɫɐɪˑpʲeːdɐ],
Samogitian name: Klaipieda,
Polish name: Kłajpeda,
German name: Memel), is a city in Lithuania on the Baltic Sea coast. It is the third largest city in Lithuania and the capital of Klaipėda County.
The city has a complex recorded history, partially due to the combined regional importance of the usually ice-free Port of Klaipėda at the mouth of the Akmena-Danė River. It was controlled by successive German states until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. As a result of the 1923 Klaipėda Revolt it was added to Lithuania and has remained with Lithuania to this day, except for the period between 1939 and 1945 when it returned to Germany following the 1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania.
Country: Lithuania
Ethnographic region: Lithuania Minor
County: Klaipėda County
Municipality: Klaipėda city municipality
Capital of: Klaipėda County
Klaipėda city municipality
According to Samogitian folk etymology, the name Klaipėda refers to the boggy terrain of the town (klaidyti=obstruct and pėda=foot). Most likely the name is of Curonian origin and means even ground: klais/klait (flat, open, free) and ped (sole of the foot, ground).
The lower reaches of the Neman River were named either *Mēmele or *Mēmela by Scalovians and local Curonian inhabitants. In the Latvian Curonian language it means mute, silent (memelis, mimelis, mēms). This name was adopted by speakers of German and also chosen for the new city founded further away at the lagoon.
Under the Treaty of Versailles after World War I, Klaipėda and the surrounding Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory) were detached from Germany and made a protectorate of the Entente States. The French became provisional administrators of the region until a more permanent solution could be worked out. Both Lithuania and Poland campaigned for their rights in the region. However, it seemed that the region would become a free city, similar to the Free City of Danzig. Not waiting for an unfavorable decision, the Lithuanians decided to stage the Klaipėda Revolt, take the region by force, and present the Entente with a fait accompli. The revolt was carried out in January 1923 while western Europe was distracted by the occupation of the Ruhr. The Germans tacitly supported the action, while the French offered only limited resistance. The League of Nations protested the revolt, but accepted the transfer in February 1923. The formal Klaipėda Convention was signed in Paris on 8 May 1924, securing extensive autonomy for the region.
During World War II, from the end of 1944 into 1945, as Allied victory appeared imminent, the inhabitants fled as the fighting drew nearer. The nearly empty city was captured by the Soviet Red Army on 28 January 1945 with only about 50 remaining people. After the war the Memel Territory was incorporated into the Lithuanian SSR, marking the start of a new epoch in the history of the city, and the end of the city's belonging to the German speaking lands.
The Soviets transformed Klaipėda, the foremost ice-free port in the Eastern Baltic, into the largest piscatorial-marine base in the European USSR. A gigantic shipyard, dockyards, and a fishing port were constructed. Subsequently, by the end of 1959, the population of the city had doubled its pre-war population, and by 1989 there were 203,000 inhabitants.
Until the 1970s, Klaipėda was only important to the USSR for its economy, while cultural and religious activity was minimal and restricted.
In 2014 Klaipėda was visited 64 times by cruise ships, surpassing the Latvian capital, Riga, for the first time.
Klaipėda's climate is humid continental (Köppen Dfb) but quite close to being oceanic (Köppen Cfb). In July and August, the warmest season, high temperatures average 20 °C (68 °F), and low temperatures average 14 °C (57 °F).
Klaipėda is a windy city with many stormy days per year. In autumn and winter, gales are not unusual. Sea breezes are common from April to September. Snow can fall from October to April and a phenomenon resembling lake-effect snow is frequent. Severe snowstorms can paralyze the city in winter.
Klaipėda's main attractions are the historic buildings in the city's centre, dating from the 13th to 18th centuries. Some of its older buildings have picturesque half-timbered construction, similar to that found in Germany, France, England, Denmark and southern Sweden. Other places of interest include:
Annual events include Klaipėda Music Spring, the Klaipėda Castle Jazz Festival, Museum Nights, the International Festival of Street Theatres, the International Short Film Festival, and the Klaipėda Sea Festival, among others. The Parbėg laivelis folk festival is held every two years.
Klaipeda Sea Festival & Birthday 767 (2019) arvizas | Klaipeda Juros Svente
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The Klaipėda Sea Festival has been held annually in the city of Klaipėda, Lithuania during the month of July since 1934.
In 2009, the city hosted the Tall Ships Race as part of the festival. According to a city website, about 500,000 people have been present at the event.
The Klaipéda Sea Festival usually starts at the end of July or beginning of August and lasts for 3 days. The first Klaipéda Sea Festival was organised in 1934. The festival program usually becomes available closer to time, organizers advertise in local newspapers and on jurossvente.lt website. Before the festival the High Street is nicely decorated and the opening ceremony starts with the Mayor's speech following various free street concerts and a local market where it is possible to purchase various handmade tools and crafts, locally produced food, and clothing. There is also a carnival, where mythological sea creatures are presented by adults and children dressed up in different costumes. There are also various international sailing events, different sports competitions, fishermen competitions, street theater, exhibitions and children's performances. The performers come from different countries. Every year the program introduces something new, so every festival is different. At the end of the Sea Festival there is always a beautiful free firework show.
If there is too much noise and too many activities, it is always possible to use a ferry and get to the beach.
Pubs and bars are open till late; many of them will have their own live entertainment.
The main street is usually closed and it is always advisable to leave cars at home and use public transport.
Sea Festival in 2019
Sea Festival in 2019 Sea Festival in 2019
23 JULY, TUESDAY
17.00 Presentation of the journalist’s and publisher’s Zita Tallat-Kelpšaitė book Signs and
Words (Ženklai ir žodžiai). The book is dedicated to celebrate the 20th Anniversary of the
international business magazine JŪRA MOPE SEA. (Deck of the sail-boat “Meridianas”)
17.00 Lithuanian Sea Museum presents: the directory At the Roots of the Lithuanian Fleet. People
and Ships. (Klaipėda County I. Simonaitytė Public Library, Herkaus Manto St. 25)
24 JULY, WEDNESDAY
16.00 Lithuanian Sea Museum presents: opening of the exhibition Aloyzas Každailis: My Way Had
Been Dusty, Rocky, Like Hell“. (Klaipėda County I. Simonaitytė Public Library, Herkaus Manto St. 25)
17.00 Installation Mysterious Waters of Klaipėda. On the programme: art installation and
presentation of the old town's water body system, interesting facts that you might not be aware of.
(Courtyard of the Lithuania Minor History Museum, Didžioji Vandens St. 2, Klaipėda)
25 JULY, THURSDAY
14.30 Seamen's Honouring Ceremony by the monument “Albatrosas.” Organised by: Klaipėda State
Seaport Authority. (Lithuanian Sea Museum, Smiltynė)
17.00 Opening of the exhibition Prussian Lithuanians” (“Lietuvininkai”): the valuables out of the
personal archives of the four prominent figures from the Lithuania Minor – Ieva Simonaitytė, Martynas
Jankus, Arvedas Kybrancas, Adomas Brakas: photographs, art works, letters and notes, stored in the
Lithuanian Archives of Literature and Art, are first publicly displayed. (Klaipėda Regional State Archives,
Naujoji Uosto St. 16)
17.00 Presentation of the project Gone Klaipėda (“Pražuvusi Klaipėda“). Reproduced fragments of
life of the city as of the16th-17th centuries are presented by the artist Aida Raimonda Pečeliūnienė,
Klaipėda Region Modelling Club Mikropasaulis. (Exposition hall at former St. John’s Church square,
next to Turgaus St.)
17.00-19.00 “BNTP“ UAB presents BURINUKAS‘ PORT: education activities for children “Let's Resurrect
Čiurlionis - Prelude (Dedication) in B-flat Minor, VL 169 (Kamilė Zaveckaitė)
Kamilė Zaveckaitė performs Prelude in B-flat Minor by Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis. The piece belongs to Čiurlionis' youth period, set in a romantic tradition and featuring a rich variety of Lithuanian folk elements. The performance venue is an historic Oginski Manor where Čiurlionis studied music under the guidance of his patron Michał Kleofas Ogiński.
Summer Piano Academy Klaipėda Piano Masters
Plungė Oginski Manor / Samogitian Art Museum, July 2019
kpm.lt
Vilnius
Vilnius (Lithuanian pronunciation: [ˈvʲɪlʲnʲʊs] ( ); see also other names) is the capital of Lithuania, and its largest city, with a population of 539,939 (806,308 together with Vilnius County) as of 2014. Vilnius is located in the southeast part of Lithuania and is the second biggest city of the Baltic states.
Vilnius is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality. It is also the capital of Vilnius County. The first known written record of Vilnius as the Lithuanian capital is known from Gediminas' letters in 1323.
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Stockholm: Royal Palace and Old Town (with Costa Pacifica)
(where you can find all information, vídeos, pics, ...)
A sweet presentation of Stockholm ( Can you feel it?
Baltic Cities Cruises with Costa Pacifica - 29/05/2011 to 09/06/2011
Cruise Itinerary / Itinerário:
29/05/2011 - Kiel (Germany/Alemanha)
30/05/2011 - At Sea/Navegação
31/05/2011 - Stockholm/Estocolmo (Sweden/Suécia)
01/06/2011 - Helsinki/Helsinquia (Finland/Finlândia)
02/06/2011 - St. Petersburg/São Petersburgo (Russia)
03/06/2011 - St. Petersburg/São Petersburgo (Russia)
04/06/2011 - Tallinn (Estonia)
05/06/2011 - Riga (Latvia/Letónia)
06/06/2011 - Klaipeda (Lithuania/Lituânia)
07/06/2011 - Gdynia (Poland/Polónia)
08/01/2011 - Bornholm (Denmark/Dinamarca)
09/06/2011 - Hamburg/Hamburgo (Germany/Alemanha)
31/05/2011 - Estocolmo (Suécia)
Estocolmo é uma cidade com uma intensa vida cultural que acolhe a maior parte das instituições culturais nacionais como teatros, ópera e museus. Na Veneza do Norte existem dois locais pertencentes ao Património da humanidade da Unesco: o Castelo de Drottningholm e o cemitério Skogskyrkogården. Estocolomo, foi já Cidade Europeia da Cultura. Todos os anos os Prémios Nobel da literatura, física, química e medicina são atribuídos durante uma cerimónia formal.
31/05/2011 - Stockholm (Sweden)
Stockholm, Sweden's capital and one of the world's most beautiful cities, is scattered across fourteen islands in the sheltered Baltic Bay and crisscrossed by scenic bridges. Your city tour starts with City Hall, the political centre and site of the annual Nobel Prize festivities. Here you can admire the 20 million pieces of gilded mosaic tile used to decorate the Golden Room. From here the tour travels to the centre of town to visit the Royal Palace. Built over Vasa Castle after it was destroyed by fire in 1697, the palace today contains 500 rooms furnished in Baroque and Rococo style. You will then continue your guided tour on foot through the old town, where medieval palaces and winding cobbled alleys blend with history to form a characteristic atmosphere. Here you will have some free time for shopping and lunch (not included). After lunch, explore Djurgården, the old regal hunting reserve and the Vasa Museum, home of the ship Vasa, pride of the Royal family. The ship sank in 1628 on its maiden voyage and has been completely restored. On your way back to the ship, you'll pass through Fjällgatan, one of the most atmospheric streets of Stockholm, lined by old wooden houses.
Música / Music Instrumental
NO COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT IS INTENDED by this video it is ONLY for entertainment purposes.
sonhos vividos wonderful dreams viagem travel journey tour ferias holidays vacation excursion outing camminare viaggiare conducir viajar gaan karren rýden varen reizen перемещение ταξίδι vacances διακοπές праздники días de fiesta 假日 vakantie 휴일 العطل
Stockholm: City Hall (with Costa Pacifica)
(where you can find all information, vídeos, pics, ...)
A sweet presentation of Stockholm ( Can you feel it?
Baltic Cities Cruises with Costa Pacifica - 29/05/2011 to 09/06/2011
Cruise Itinerary / Itinerário:
29/05/2011 - Kiel (Germany/Alemanha)
30/05/2011 - At Sea/Navegação
31/05/2011 - Stockholm/Estocolmo (Sweden/Suécia)
01/06/2011 - Helsinki/Helsinquia (Finland/Finlândia)
02/06/2011 - St. Petersburg/São Petersburgo (Russia)
03/06/2011 - St. Petersburg/São Petersburgo (Russia)
04/06/2011 - Tallinn (Estonia)
05/06/2011 - Riga (Latvia/Letónia)
06/06/2011 - Klaipeda (Lithuania/Lituânia)
07/06/2011 - Gdynia (Poland/Polónia)
08/01/2011 - Bornholm (Denmark/Dinamarca)
09/06/2011 - Hamburg/Hamburgo (Germany/Alemanha)
31/05/2011 - Estocolmo (Suécia)
Estocolmo é uma cidade com uma intensa vida cultural que acolhe a maior parte das instituições culturais nacionais como teatros, ópera e museus. Na Veneza do Norte existem dois locais pertencentes ao Património da humanidade da Unesco: o Castelo de Drottningholm e o cemitério Skogskyrkogården. Estocolomo, foi já Cidade Europeia da Cultura. Todos os anos os Prémios Nobel da literatura, física, química e medicina são atribuídos durante uma cerimónia formal.
31/05/2011 - Stockholm (Sweden)
Stockholm, Sweden's capital and one of the world's most beautiful cities, is scattered across fourteen islands in the sheltered Baltic Bay and crisscrossed by scenic bridges. Your city tour starts with City Hall, the political centre and site of the annual Nobel Prize festivities. Here you can admire the 20 million pieces of gilded mosaic tile used to decorate the Golden Room. From here the tour travels to the centre of town to visit the Royal Palace. Built over Vasa Castle after it was destroyed by fire in 1697, the palace today contains 500 rooms furnished in Baroque and Rococo style. You will then continue your guided tour on foot through the old town, where medieval palaces and winding cobbled alleys blend with history to form a characteristic atmosphere. Here you will have some free time for shopping and lunch (not included). After lunch, explore Djurgården, the old regal hunting reserve and the Vasa Museum, home of the ship Vasa, pride of the Royal family. The ship sank in 1628 on its maiden voyage and has been completely restored. On your way back to the ship, you'll pass through Fjällgatan, one of the most atmospheric streets of Stockholm, lined by old wooden houses.
Música / Music Instrumental
NO COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT IS INTENDED by this video it is ONLY for entertainment purposes.
sonhos vividos wonderful dreams viagem travel journey tour ferias holidays vacation excursion outing camminare viaggiare conducir viajar gaan karren rýden varen reizen перемещение ταξίδι vacances διακοπές праздники días de fiesta 假日 vakantie 휴일 العطل
East Prussia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
East Prussia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
East Prussia (German: Ostpreußen, pronounced [ˈɔstˌpʁɔʏsən] (listen); Polish: Prusy Wschodnie; Lithuanian: Rytų Prūsija; Latin: Borussia orientalis; Russian: Восточная Пруссия) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945. Its capital city was Königsberg (present-day Kaliningrad). East Prussia was the main part of the region of Prussia along the southeastern Baltic Coast.East Prussia enclosed the bulk of the ancestral lands of the Baltic Old Prussians. During the 13th century, the native Prussians were conquered by the crusading Teutonic Knights. After the conquest the indigenous Balts were gradually converted to Christianity. Because of Germanization and colonisation over the following centuries, Germans became the dominant ethnic group, while Masurians and Lithuanians formed minorities. From the 13th century, East Prussia was part of the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights. After the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466 it became a fief of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1525, with the Prussian Homage, the province became the Duchy of Prussia. The Old Prussian language had become extinct by the 17th or early 18th century.Because the duchy was outside of the core Holy Roman Empire, the prince-electors of Brandenburg were able to proclaim themselves King beginning in 1701. After the annexation of most of western Royal Prussia in the First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772, eastern (ducal) Prussia was connected by land with the rest of the Prussian state and was reorganized as a province the following year (1773). Between 1829 and 1878, the Province of East Prussia was joined with West Prussia to form the Province of Prussia.
The Kingdom of Prussia became the leading state of the German Empire after its creation in 1871. However, the Treaty of Versailles following World War I granted West Prussia to Poland and made East Prussia an exclave of Weimar Germany (the new Polish Corridor separating East Prussia from the rest of Germany), while the Memel Territory was detached and was annexed by Lithuania in 1923. Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, war-torn East Prussia was divided at Joseph Stalin's insistence between the Soviet Union (the Kaliningrad Oblast in the Russian SFSR and the constituent counties of the Klaipėda Region in the Lithuanian SSR) and the People's Republic of Poland (the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship). The capital city Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946. The German population of the province was largely evacuated during the war or expelled shortly thereafter in the expulsion of Germans after World War II. An estimated 300,000 (around one fifth of the population) died either in war time bombings raids, in the battles to defend the province or through mistreatment by the Red Army.
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (Lithuanian SSR; Lithuanian: Lietuvos Tarybų Socialistinė Respublika; Russian: Литовская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Litovskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), one of the USSR republics that existed in 1940–1941 and 1944–1990, was formed on the basis of the Soviet occupation rule. It was also known as Soviet Lithuania. After 1946, its territory and borders mirrored those of today's Republic of Lithuania (with the exception of minor adjustments at the Belarusian border).
Established on 21 July 1940 as a puppet state, during World War II in the territory of the previously independent Republic of Lithuania after it had been occupied by the Soviet army on 16 June 1940, in conformity with the terms of the 23 August 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.
Between 1941 and 1944, the German invasion of the Soviet Union caused its de facto dissolution. However, with the retreat of the Germans in 1944–1945, Soviet hegemony was re-established, and existed for fifty years. As a result, many western countries (including the United States) continue to recognize Lithuania as an independent, sovereign de jure state subject to international law represented by the legations appointed by the pre-1940 Baltic states which functioned in various places through the Lithuanian Diplomatic Service.
On 18 May 1989, the Lithuanian SSR declared state sovereignty within its borders during perestroika. On 11 March 1990, the Republic of Lithuania was declared to be re-established as an independent state and the declaration (while considered illegal by the Soviet authorities) was recognized by Western powers immediately prior to the breakup of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union itself recognized Lithuanian independence on 6 September 1991.
Kaunas | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kaunas
00:01:40 1 Etymology
00:02:26 2 Folk history
00:03:12 3 Coat of arms
00:04:40 4 History
00:04:49 4.1 Early history
00:05:25 4.2 Grand Duchy of Lithuania
00:07:26 4.3 Russian Empire
00:10:00 4.4 Interwar Lithuania
00:18:59 4.5 Soviet occupation and the June Uprising
00:24:48 4.6 Nazi occupation
00:26:33 4.7 Jewish community of Kaunas
00:29:38 4.8 Soviet administration
00:32:43 4.9 Restored independence
00:34:44 5 Geography
00:35:09 5.1 Administrative divisions
00:35:21 6 Climate
00:36:44 7 Religion
00:37:37 8 Culture
00:40:03 8.1 Museums
00:42:01 8.2 Theaters
00:43:04 9 Parks, Leisure, and Cemeteries
00:44:40 10 Economy
00:49:39 11 Demographics
00:51:46 12 Municipality council
00:52:17 12.1 Mayors
00:54:00 13 Transportation
00:54:09 13.1 Airports
00:55:07 13.2 Highways
00:55:53 13.3 Bridges
00:57:06 13.4 Railways
00:58:00 13.5 Hydrofoil
00:58:24 13.6 Public transportation
00:59:48 14 Sports
01:02:25 15 Education
01:04:26 16 Annual events
01:05:27 17 Notable residents
01:05:36 18 Twin towns – sister cities
01:05:49 19 Honours
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kaunas (; Lithuanian: [ˈkɐʊˑnɐs] (listen); also see other names) is the second-largest city in Lithuania and the historical centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the biggest city and the centre of a county in Trakai Municipality of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1413. In the Russian Empire, it was the capital of the Kaunas Governorate from 1843 to 1915.
During the interwar period, it served as the temporary capital of Lithuania, when Vilnius, the traditional capital, was considered part of Poland between 1920 and 1939. During that period Kaunas was nicknamed the Little Paris because of its rich cultural and academic life, fashion, construction of countless Art Deco and Lithuanian National Romanticism architectural-style buildings as well as popular furniture, the interior design of the time, and a widespread café culture. The city interwar architecture is regarded as among the finest examples of European Art Deco and has received the European Heritage Label. It contributed to Kaunas being named as the first city in Central and Eastern Europe to be designated as a UNESCO City of Design. Kaunas has been selected as the European Capital of Culture for 2022, together with Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.The city is the capital of Kaunas County, and the seat of the Kaunas city municipality and the Kaunas District Municipality. It is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaunas. Kaunas is located at the confluence of the two largest Lithuanian rivers, the Nemunas and the Neris, and is near the Kaunas Reservoir, the largest body of water in the whole of Lithuania.
World War II | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
World War II
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. The major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.Japan, which aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific, was at war with China by 1937—though neither side had declared war on the other. World war is generally said to have begun on 1 September 1939, with the invasion of Poland by Germany and subsequent declarations on Germany by France and the United Kingdom. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africa, and the fall of France in mid 1940, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire. War in the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain, the Blitz, and the long Battle of the Atlantic followed. On 22 June 1941, the European Axis powers launched an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the largest land theatre of war in history. This Eastern Front trapped the Axis, most crucially the German Wehrmacht, into a war of attrition. In December 1941, Japan launched a surprise attack on the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean. Following an immediate U.S. declaration of war against Japan, supported by one from Great Britain, the European Axis powers quickly declared war on the U.S. in solidarity with their Japanese ally. Rapid Japanese conquests over much of the Western Pacific ensued, perceived by many in Asia as liberation from Western dominance and resulting in the support of several armies from defeated territories.
The Axis advance in the Pacific halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway; later, Germany and Italy were defeated in North Africa and then, decisively, at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union. Key setbacks in 1943, which included a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front, the Allied invasions of Sicily and Italy, and Allied victories in the Pacific, cost the Axis its initiative and forced it into strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained its territorial losses and turned toward Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key Western Pacific islands.
The war in Europe concluded with an invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union, culminating in the capture of Berlin by Soviet troops, the suicide of Adolf Hitler and the German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945 and the refusal of Japan to surrender under its terms, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August respectively. With an invasion of the Japanese archipelago imminent, the possibility of additional a ...
The Second World War | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:06:35 1 Chronology
00:08:42 2 Background
00:08:50 2.1 Europe
00:13:48 2.2 Asia
00:15:18 3 Pre-war events
00:15:28 3.1 Italian invasion of Ethiopia (1935)
00:16:51 3.2 Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)
00:18:15 3.3 Japanese invasion of China (1937)
00:20:11 3.4 Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
00:21:17 3.5 European occupations and agreements
00:25:46 4 Course of the war
00:25:55 4.1 War breaks out in Europe (1939–40)
00:30:23 4.2 Western Europe (1940–41)
00:35:21 4.3 Mediterranean (1940–41)
00:38:21 4.4 Axis attack on the Soviet Union (1941)
00:43:42 4.5 War breaks out in the Pacific (1941)
00:49:59 4.6 Axis advance stalls (1942–43)
00:52:21 4.6.1 Pacific (1942–43)
00:56:31 4.6.2 Eastern Front (1942–43)
00:58:26 4.6.3 Western Europe/Atlantic and Mediterranean (1942–43)
01:01:22 4.7 Allies gain momentum (1943–44)
01:07:42 4.8 Allies close in (1944)
01:12:45 4.9 Axis collapse, Allied victory (1944–45)
01:19:14 5 Aftermath
01:26:16 6 Impact
01:26:25 6.1 Casualties and war crimes
01:30:39 6.2 Genocide, concentration camps, and slave labour
01:34:04 6.3 Occupation
01:36:42 6.4 Home fronts and production
01:39:00 6.5 Advances in technology and warfare
01:44:35 7 See also
01:44:44 8 Notes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8254195237048937
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. The major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.Japan, which aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific, was at war with China by 1937, though neither side had declared war on the other. World War II is generally said to have begun on 1 September 1939, with the invasion of Poland by Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and the United Kingdom. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africa, and the fall of France in mid 1940, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire. War in the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain, the Blitz, and the long Battle of the Atlantic followed. On 22 June 1941, the European Axis powers launched an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the largest land theatre of war in history. This Eastern Front trapped the Axis, most crucially the German Wehrmacht, into a war of attrition. In December 1941, Japan launched a surprise attack on the United States as well as European colonies in the Pacific. Following an immediate U.S. declaration of war against Japan, supported by one from Great Britain, the European Axis powers quickly declared war on the U.S. in solidarity with their Japanese ally. Rapid Japanese conquests over much of the Western Pacific ensued, perceived by many in Asia as ...