Russian Special Purpose || 604 Center | Vityaz | Maroon Berets
Special Forces Vityaz (604 Center Special Purpose) - Win Yourself , You Will Be Invincible.
The detachment was originally designed as anti-terrorist unit. Vityaz regularly conducts operations to counter-terrorism patrols on the border of Chechnya and the Caucasus In addition, soldiers are trained to prevent disorder in prisons. More than 70 soldiers of the detachment were awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation for courage and heroism.
In the 70 years due to the increasing incidence of terrorism in Europe there is a need to have military units designed to perform a specific task responsible for the fight against terror. The Interior Ministry of the OCH, it was decided to establish a part of operative division of internal troops of the special units of permanent combat readiness, military personnel which would have special training to counter terrorism and other illegal activities.
In early 1978, work began on the formation and training of training company for special purposes (OCH). Set conscripts for this division was carried out from among the best athletes ODON solely on a voluntary basis.
The first operation, entrusted company, has been providing security at the Olympic Games in Moscow (1980).
In 1991 he was created a special purpose detachment Vityaz. During the formation of the experience gained in OCH and similar units in Russia.
The idea to take the exam on the right to wear the beret was also born in the Vityaz. The first commander Vityaz Sergey Lysyuk together with other officers developed criteria for special examinations, physical and tactical training, which are held in all divisions of the Interior troops so far.
Vityaz took part in the resolution of international conflicts that occurred on the territory of the former USSR. Together with a group A of the
in 1989 conducted a unique special operation to storm the temporary detention facility of Sukhumi, where riots broke out. In 1994-1996. participated in the disarmament of illegal armed formations in Chechnya. In 1996, the group participated in the battle near the village of Pervomaisky.
In 1999-2003. the group participated in many counter-terrorism operations in the North Caucasus. Also, Vityaz took an active part in special operations to eliminate the warlords in Chechnya.
In November 2002, Russian President Vladimir Putin at the opening ceremony of the monument to the soldiers of internal troops handed Gold Star of the Hero of Russian parents fighter detachment Vityaz Sergey Burnaeva, who died in the performance of military duty in Chechnya and award prizes posthumously.
In October 2002, a detachment Vityaz in conjunction with other special units of the Federal Security Service and the Interior Ministry of Russia took part in a special operation to eliminate the terrorists who seized hostages in the Dubrovka theater.
The detachment also participated in the anti-terrorist operation in Chechnya.
Vityaz former glory regained in the operation to force Georgia to peace in 2008,now Spetsnaz Vityaz fights against of terrorists in the North Caucasus.
They have the following tasks: Participation in the disarmament and the elimination of illegal armed groups, organized criminal groups, the suppression of mass disorders accompanied by armed violence, the withdrawal of the population illegally held weapons;
Participation in the suppression of acts of terrorism;
Participation in the removal of individuals who have seized hostages, important state facilities and special cargoes, facilities for communications, as well as buildings of state authorities;
Participation in ensuring security officials and citizens of the Russian Federation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Detachments Of Special Purpose National Guard of Russia:
604 TSSN Vityaz, Moscow
7th OSN Rosich, Novocherkassk
12th OSN Ural, Nizhny Tagil
15th OSN Vyatich, Armavir
17th OSN Edelweiss, Mineralnye Vody
19th OSN Ermak, Novosibirsk
21th OSN Typhoon, Khabarovsk
23th OSN Obereg, Chelyabinsk
25th OSN Mercury, Smolensk
26th OSN Bars, Kazan
27th OSN Kuzbass, Kemerovo
28th OSN Ratnik, Arkhangelsk
29th OSN Bulat, Ufa
33th OSN Peresvet, Moscow
34th OSN, Grozny
35th OSN Rus, Simferopol
Spetsnaz - Hand To Hand Combat
Spetsnaz Vityaz (604 Center Special Purpose) - Win Yourself , You Will Be Invincible.
The detachment was originally designed as anti-terrorist unit. Vityaz regularly conducts operations to counter-terrorism patrols on the border of Chechnya and the Caucasus In addition, soldiers are trained to prevent disorder in prisons. More than 70 soldiers of the detachment were awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation for courage and heroism.
In the 70 years due to the increasing incidence of terrorism in Europe there is a need to have military units designed to perform a specific task responsible for the fight against terror. The Interior Ministry of the OCH, it was decided to establish a part of operative division of internal troops of the special units of permanent combat readiness, military personnel which would have special training to counter terrorism and other illegal activities.
In early 1978, work began on the formation and training of training company for special purposes (OCH). Set conscripts for this division was carried out from among the best athletes ODON solely on a voluntary basis.
The first operation, entrusted company, has been providing security at the Olympic Games in Moscow (1980).
In 1991 he was created a special purpose detachment Vityaz. During the formation of the experience gained in OCH and similar units in Russia.
The idea to take the exam on the right to wear the beret was also born in the Vityaz. The first commander Vityaz Sergey Lysyuk together with other officers developed criteria for special examinations, physical and tactical training, which are held in all divisions of the Interior troops so far.
Vityaz took part in the resolution of international conflicts that occurred on the territory of the former USSR. Together with a group A of the
in 1989 conducted a unique special operation to storm the temporary detention facility of Sukhumi, where riots broke out. In 1994-1996. participated in the disarmament of illegal armed formations in Chechnya. In 1996, the group participated in the battle near the village of Pervomaisky.
In 1999-2003. the group participated in many counter-terrorism operations in the North Caucasus. Also, Vityaz took an active part in special operations to eliminate the warlords in Chechnya.
In November 2002, Russian President Vladimir Putin at the opening ceremony of the monument to the soldiers of internal troops handed Gold Star of the Hero of Russian parents fighter detachment Vityaz Sergey Burnaeva, who died in the performance of military duty in Chechnya and award prizes posthumously.
In October 2002, a detachment Vityaz in conjunction with other special units of the Federal Security Service and the Interior Ministry of Russia took part in a special operation to eliminate the terrorists who seized hostages in the Dubrovka theater.
The detachment also participated in the anti-terrorist operation in Chechnya.
Vityaz former glory regained in the operation to force Georgia to peace in 2008,now Spetsnaz Vityaz fights against of terrorists in the North Caucasus.
They have the following tasks: Participation in the disarmament and the elimination of illegal armed groups, organized criminal groups, the suppression of mass disorders accompanied by armed violence, the withdrawal of the population illegally held weapons;
Participation in the suppression of acts of terrorism;
Participation in the removal of individuals who have seized hostages, important state facilities and special cargoes, facilities for communications, as well as buildings of state authorities;
Participation in ensuring security officials and citizens of the Russian Federation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Detachments Of Special Purpose National Guard of Russia:
604 TSSN Vityaz, Moscow
7th OSN Rosich, Novocherkassk
12th OSN Ural, Nizhny Tagil
15th OSN Vyatich, Armavir
17th OSN Edelweiss, Mineralnye Vody
19th OSN Ermak, Novosibirsk
21th OSN Typhoon, Khabarovsk
23th OSN Obereg, Chelyabinsk
25th OSN Mercury, Smolensk
26th OSN Bars, Kazan
27th OSN Kuzbass, Kemerovo
28th OSN Ratnik, Arkhangelsk
29th OSN Bulat, Ufa
33th OSN Peresvet, Moscow
34th OSN, Grozny
35th OSN Rus, Simferopol
Kazan Ciudad - Rusia 2018
Kazan Ciudad - Rusia 2018
Mundial de Fútbol Rusia - World Cup Russia 2018
La Copa Mundial de la FIFA Rusia 2018 - FIFA - será la XXI edición de la Copa Mundial de Fútbol.
Esta edición del evento se realizará en Rusia entre el 14 de junio y el 15 de julio de 2018, siendo la primera oportunidad en que dicho país organiza el campeonato y la primera vez en la historia que se celebre en un país de Europa Oriental.
Rusia confirmó 12 estadios en 11 ciudades: Ekaterimburgo, Kaliningrado, Kazán, Krasnodar, Moscú, Nizhni Nóvgorod, Rostov del Don, San Petersburgo, Samara, Sochi, Volgogrado y Saransk, las cuales albergarán los 64 partidos de la Copa Mundial
Kazán. Situada a orillas del majestuoso rio Volga, a unos 800 km al este de Moscú, Kazán fue fundada en 1005 por los protobúlgaros como una fortaleza y un importante centro de comercio. Kazán fue conquistada para Rusia por el zar Iván el Terrible en 1552. Hoy es una de las ciudades más prosperas de Rusia, capital de la región de Tartaristán, y posee un elevado grado de autonomía dentro de la Federación Rusa. Muchos de sus habitantes se expresan en su idioma propio, y mantienen su religión, cultura, tradiciones y costumbres. Kazán es oficialmente denominada la “Tercera Capital de Rusia”, tras Moscú y San Petersburgo. En su Universidad estudiaron personajes históricos como Lenin y Tolstoi. Kazán es un punto de encuentro de los mundos Oriental y Occidental, un cruce de culturas y tradiciones europeas, rusas y tártaras. La ciudad está dividida en dos barrios principales, el ruso y el tártaro, separados entre sí por el lago Qaban y el canal Bolaq. El contraste entre las cúpulas de las iglesias ortodoxas rusas y los minaretes de las mezquitas tártaras le da a la ciudad un carácter y una atmósfera únicos. Kazán es un importante centro cultural y educativo, con numerosos teatros, museos, salas de conciertos, festivales y eventos internacionales, bibliotecas y universidades. Kazán ha sido declarada Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO.
El centro histórico lo constituyen antiguas mansiones, casas de comerciantes, edificios culturales e industriales del siglo XIX y principios del XX. Pasearemos por la calle Bauman, principal arteria peatonal del centro, donde se encuentra la catedral de Pedro y Pablo, en estilo barroco ruso, que se alza en perfecta armonía con el vecino edificio clásico de la Universidad Estatal de Kazán. La calle Kremlyovskaya es el centro cultural de la ciudad, muy cerca se encuentran el Teatro Dramatice Bolshói, la Opera de Kazán, la Biblioteca Nacional y el Ayuntamiento. Al otro lado del canal Bolaq y del lago Qaban entraremos en el antiguo barrio tártaro de la ciudad, donde los tártaros debieron instalarse tras la conquista de Kazán por los rusos. La mezquita Mardzhani, la mezquita Azimov y muchas otras elevan sus minaretes en esta área históricamente musulmana. En la confluencia del rio Kazanka con el poderoso Volga admiraremos el Monumento a los Soldados Caídos, el Palacio de la Agricultura, y el moderno edificio del Circo de Kazán. Finalizaremos nuestra visita panorámica en el Kremlin de Kazán.
Visita del Kremlin de Kazán. El antiguo Kremlin domina la ciudad, e impresiona por su magnitud y poderío. En la confluencia de los ríos Kazanka y Volga, el fuerte protobúlgaro de madera del siglo XII, destruido por los mongoles, fue reconstruido por los tártaros como una fortaleza que protegía su principado. Tras la conquista de la ciudad, Iván IV el Terrible ordeno la reconstrucción del Kremlin de Kazán siguiendo el mismo modelo. Fue completado entre 1556 y 1562 por maestros de Pskov. Dentro de su recinto amurallado se encuentran numerosos edificios históricos, el más antiguo de los cuales es la Catedral de la Anunciación (1561-62). Al igual que muchos otros edificios de la época, fue construida en la tradicional piedra de arenisca local, en vez de ladrillo, material utilizado en casi todo el resto de Rusia. Junto a ella se encuentra la Casa del Obispo (1829). Otro monumento de gran importancia es la mezquita Qol-Sharif, recientemente reconstruida en el interior del Kremlin. El Palacio de los Gobernadores (1845-1848), edificado en el lugar donde estaba el palacio del Jan, es hoy en día el Palacio Presidencial. Cerca de la Torre Spasskaya se encuentra el Monasterio del Salvador, de 1557. Fue el principal foco misionero cristiano en estas tierras predominantemente musulmanas. Entre los numerosos edificios militares destacan el Cuerpo de Guardia, la Escuela de Cadetes, la Escuela Ecuestre y la Fundición de Cañones de Artillería. Entre las imponentes murallas y torres de sus fortificaciones se eleva la más alta estructura del Kremlin de Kazán, la Torre Inclinada Soyembika, llamada así en honor de la última zarina tártara. El Kremlin de Kazán ha sido declarado Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO.
Soviet Footage
Soviet footage w/ Lenin and Stalin set to Partisans Song sung by Red Army Choir
Estonia in World War II | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:52 1 Preface
00:03:09 1.1 Kellogg-Briand Pact
00:03:32 1.2 Non-aggression treaty
00:03:46 1.3 The Convention for the Definition of Aggression
00:04:35 1.4 Declaration of neutrality
00:05:27 1.5 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
00:06:37 2 The beginning of World War II
00:10:39 3 Soviet occupation
00:17:53 3.1 Soviet terror
00:20:55 3.2 Soviet repression of ethnic Russians
00:21:46 3.3 Historical Soviet sources
00:25:30 4 Summer War
00:30:05 4.1 Damages
00:32:49 5 German occupation
00:36:52 5.1 The Holocaust
00:41:02 6 Estonian military units in 1941–1943
00:41:16 6.1 Estonian units in German forces
00:44:18 6.2 Estonian Rifle Corps in the Red Army
00:46:11 7 Battles in 1944
00:48:14 7.1 Formation of bridgeheads in Narva
00:50:00 7.2 Narva Offensives, February and March
00:54:15 7.3 Sinimäed Hills
00:56:39 7.4 Southeastern Estonia
00:59:15 7.5 Baltic Offensive
01:01:57 8 Attempt to restore independence
01:03:40 9 Soviet return
01:07:39 10 Controversies
01:07:53 10.1 The position of the European Court of Human Rights
01:09:44 10.2 The position of the Estonian government
01:10:48 10.3 The position of the Russian government
01:11:48 10.4 Positions of the veterans
01:13:09 11 Notes
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Speaking Rate: 0.8758266150043176
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Before the outbreak of the Second World War, Germany and the Soviet Union signed the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, concerning the partition and disposition of sovereign states, including Estonia, and in particular its Secret Additional Protocol of August 1939.The Republic of Estonia declared neutrality in the war but fell under the Soviet sphere of influence due to the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940. Mass political arrests, deportations, and executions followed. In the Summer War during the German Operation Barbarossa in 1941, the pro-independence Forest Brothers captured South Estonia from the NKVD and the 8th Army before the arrival of the German 18th Army. At the same time, Soviet paramilitary destruction battalions carried out punitive operations, including looting and killing, based on the tactics of scorched earth proclaimed by Joseph Stalin. Estonia was occupied by Germany and incorporated into Reichskommissariat Ostland.
In 1941, Estonians were conscripted into the 8th Estonian Rifle Corps and in 1941–1944 to the Nazi German forces. Men who avoided these mobilisations fled to Finland to be formed into the Finnish Infantry Regiment 200. About 40% of the Estonian pre-war fleet was requisitioned by British authorities and used in Atlantic convoys. Approximately 1000 Estonian sailors served in the British Merchant Navy, 200 of them as officers. A small number of Estonians served in the Royal Air Force, in the British Army and in the U.S. Army.From February to September 1944, the German army detachment Narwa held back the Soviet Estonian Operation. After breaching the defence of II Army Corps across the Emajõgi river and clashing with the pro-independence Estonian troops, Soviet forces reoccupied mainland Estonia in September 1944. After the war, Estonia remained incorporated into the Soviet Union as the Estonian SSR until 1991, although the Atlantic Charter stated that no territorial arrangements would be made.
World War II losses in Estonia, estimated at around 25% of the population, were among the highest proportion in Europe. War and occupation deaths listed in the current reports total at 81,000. These include deaths in Soviet deportations in 1941, Soviet executions, German deportations, and victims of the Holocaust in Estonia.
Vladimir Lenin | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Vladimir Lenin
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known by the alias Lenin, was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924. Under his administration, Russia and then the wider Soviet Union became a one-party communist state governed by the Russian Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, he developed political theories known as Leninism.
Born to a wealthy middle-class family in Simbirsk, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics following his brother's 1887 execution. Expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in protests against the Russian Empire's Tsarist government, he devoted the following years to a law degree. He moved to Saint Petersburg in 1893 and became a senior Marxist activist. In 1897, he was arrested for sedition and exiled to Shushenskoye for three years, where he married Nadezhda Krupskaya. After his exile, he moved to Western Europe, where he became a prominent theorist in the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). In 1903, he took a key role in a RSDLP ideological split, leading the Bolshevik faction against Julius Martov's Mensheviks. Encouraging insurrection during Russia's failed Revolution of 1905, he later campaigned for the First World War to be transformed into a Europe-wide proletarian revolution, which as a Marxist he believed would cause the overthrow of capitalism and its replacement with socialism. After the 1917 February Revolution ousted the Tsar and established a Provisional Government, he returned to Russia to play a leading role in the October Revolution, in which the Bolsheviks overthrew the new regime.
Lenin's Bolshevik government initially shared power with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, elected soviets, and a multi-party Constituent Assembly, although by 1918 it had centralised power in the new Communist Party. Lenin's administration redistributed land among the peasantry and nationalised banks and large-scale industry. It withdrew from the First World War by signing a treaty with the Central Powers and promoted world revolution through the Communist International. Opponents were suppressed in the Red Terror, a violent campaign administered by the state security services; tens of thousands were killed or interned in concentration camps. His administration defeated right and left-wing anti-Bolshevik armies in the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1922 and oversaw the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921. Responding to wartime devastation, famine, and popular uprisings, in 1921 Lenin encouraged economic growth through the market-oriented New Economic Policy. Several non-Russian nations secured independence after 1917, but three re-united with Russia through the formation of the Soviet Union in 1922. In increasingly poor health, Lenin died at his dacha in Gorki, with Joseph Stalin succeeding him as the pre-eminent figure in the Soviet government.
Widely considered one of the most significant and influential figures of the 20th century, Lenin was the posthumous subject of a pervasive personality cult within the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. He became an ideological figurehead behind Marxism–Leninism and thus a prominent influence over the international communist movement. A controversial and highly divisive individual, Lenin is viewed by supporters as a champion of socialism and the working class, while critics on both the left and right emphasize his role as founder and leader of an authoritarian regime responsible for political repression and mass killings.
Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (Estonian SSR or ESSR; Estonian: Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistlik Vabariik ENSV; Russian: Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика ЭССР, Estonskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika ESSR), also known as Soviet Estonia or Estonia was an unrecognized republic of the Soviet Union, administered by a subordinate of the government of the Soviet Union. The ESSR was initially established on the territory of the Republic of Estonia on July 21, 1940, following the invasion of Soviet troops on June 17, 1940, and the installation of a puppet government backed by the Soviet Union, which declared Estonia a Soviet constituency. The Estonian SSR was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet state on August 9, 1940. The territory was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1944 and administered as a part of Reichskommissariat Ostland.
Most countries did not recognize the incorporation of Estonia de jure and only recognized its Soviet government de facto or not at all. A number of these countries continued to recognize Estonian diplomats and consuls who still functioned in the name of their former government. This policy of non-recognition gave rise to the principle of legal continuity, which held that de jure, Estonia remained an independent state under occupation throughout the period 1940–91.On 16 November 1988, the Estonian SSR became the first republic within the Soviet sphere of influence to declare state sovereignty from Moscow. On 30 March 1990, the Estonian SSR declared that Estonia had been occupied since 1940 and declared a transitional period for the country's full independence. The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic was renamed as the Republic of Estonia on May 8, 1990. The independence of the Republic of Estonia was re-established on August 20 during the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt the following year and the Soviet Union itself recognized the independence of Estonia on September 6, 1991.