Exploring Preah Khan at the Temples of Angkor, Siem Reap Province, Cambodia
After visiting Angkor Wat we headed over to Preah Khan to explore a less popular (but equally impressive temple) at the Temples of Angkor, Siem Reap Province, Cambodia. Immediately, we felt a sense of relief having escaped the enormous crowds at Angkor Wat. It was still early enough in the morning that we had nearly the entire temple to ourselves. Given that it is largely unrestored and has an eerie maze like quality, we enjoyed every moment of wandering around feeling somewhat like we were exploring more than just touring the complex. As our favorite temple, we recommend others to wake-up earlier than normal to come and explore before it becomes inundated with package tourists.
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Preah Khan (Khmer: ប្រាសាទព្រះខ័ន), sometimes transliterated as Prah Khan, is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia, built in the 12th century for King Jayavarman VII. It is located northeast of Angkor Thom and just west of the Jayatataka baray, with which it was associated. It was the centre of a substantial organisation, with almost 100,000 officials and servants. The temple is flat in design, with a basic plan of successive rectangular galleries around a Buddhist sanctuary complicated by Hindu satellite temples and numerous later additions. Like the nearby Ta Prohm, Preah Khan has been left largely unrestored, with numerous trees and other vegetation growing among the ruins.
Preah Khan was built on the site of Jayavarman VII's victory over the invading Chams in 1191. Unusually the modern name, meaning holy sword, is derived from the meaning of the original—Nagara Jayasri (holy city of victory).[1] The site may previously have been occupied by the royal palaces of Yasovarman II and Tribhuvanadityavarman.[2] The temple's foundation stela has provided considerable information about the history and administration of the site: the main image, of the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara in the form of the king's father, was dedicated in 1191 (the king's mother had earlier been commemorated in the same way at Ta Prohm). 430 other deities also had shrines on the site, each of which received an allotment of food, clothing, perfume and even mosquito nets;[3] the temple's wealth included gold, silver, gems, 112,300 pearls and a cow with gilded horns.[4] The institution combined the roles of city, temple and Buddhist university: there were 97,840 attendants and servants, including 1000 dancers[5] and 1000 teachers. The temple is still largely unrestored:
This is part of our Travel in Cambodia series. We're making a series of videos showcasing Khmer / Cambodian culture, arts, food, religion and people.
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All photos and video taken by Samuel Jeffery (Nomadic Samuel) and Audrey Bergner (That Backpacker).
This video features music from Kevin Macleod available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Commercial license.
Oknha Meas | Boutique Indochine d' Angkor Hotel and Spa, Siem Reap Rom Tour
Boutique Indochine d' Angkor Hotel and Spa, Siem Reap Rom Tour
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Cambodia / Siem Reap - Angkor Thom, Bayon Temple
Video: Samuel Degen,
Musik: Sascha Ende, ende.tv
Angkor Wat (Khmer: អង្គរវត្ត) is the largest Hindu at first, and then Buddhist temple complex and the largest religious monument in the world. The temple was built by the Khmer King Suryavarman II in the early 12th century in Yasodharapura (Khmer: យសោធរបុរៈ, present-day Angkor), the capital of the Khmer Empire, as his state temple and eventual mausoleum. Breaking from the Shaivism tradition of previous kings, Angkor Wat was instead dedicated to Vishnu. As the best-preserved temple at the site, it is the only one to have remained a significant religious centre since its foundation -- first Hindu, then Buddhist. The temple is at the top of the high classical style of Khmer architecture. It has become a symbol of Cambodia, appearing on its national flag, and it is the country's prime attraction for visitors.
Angkor Wat combines two basic plans of Khmer temple architecture: the temple mountain and the later galleried temple, based on early Dravidian Architecture, with key features such as the Jagati. It is designed to represent Mount Meru, home of the devas in Hindu mythology: within a moat and an outer wall 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi) long are three rectangular galleries, each raised above the next. At the centre of the temple stands a quincunx of towers. Unlike most Angkorian temples, Angkor Wat is oriented to the west; scholars are divided as to the significance of this. The temple is admired for the grandeur and harmony of the architecture, its extensive bas-reliefs, and for the numerous devatas adorning its walls.
The modern name, Angkor Wat, means Temple City or City of Temples in Khmer; Angkor, meaning city or capital city, is a vernacular form of the word nokor (នគរ), which comes from the Sanskrit word nagara (नगर).[2] Wat is the Khmer word for temple grounds, derived from the Pali word vatta (वत्त).[3] Prior to this time the temple was known as Preah Pisnulok (Vara Vishnuloka in Sanskrit), after the posthumous title of its founder.
Der Bayon (ursprünglich Madhyadri) ist neben dem Angkor Wat die bekannteste und eindrucksvollste Tempelanlage in Angkor (Provinz Siem Reap, Kambodscha) -- berühmt vor allem wegen seiner Türme mit meterhohen aus Stein gemeißelten Gesichtern.
Im späten 12. Jahrhundert begann König Jayavarman VII. (regierte von 1181 bis ca. 1219) mit dem Bau der neuen Hauptstadt des Khmer-Reiches, Angkor Thom (große Stadt). Im Zentrum der 9 km² großen, von einer Mauer umgebenen, etwa 1 km nördlich von Angkor Wat beginnenden Stadt wurde der Bayon als Haupttempel errichtet.
Seit dem 15. Jahrhundert, als das Reich der Khmer vom aufstrebenden Thai-Königreich Ayutthaya besiegt und Angkor verlassen worden war, geriet auch Angkor Thom und damit der Bayon weitgehend in Vergessenheit. Zwar war das Gebiet von Angkor auch weiterhin bewohnt und wurde landwirtschaftlich genutzt, die meisten Tempel außer dem Angkor Wat wurden aber kaum mehr besucht und vom tropischen Wald überwuchert.
Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts erwachte das Interesse europäischer Wissenschaftler und in der Folge auch der europäischen Öffentlichkeit (siehe auch: Henri Mouhot) an diesem Teil des französischen Kolonialreiches in Indochina. Die archäologischen Arbeiten wurden allerdings wegen des Ersten und Zweiten Weltkrieges, des Indochinakrieges, des auf Kambodscha übergreifenden Vietnamkrieges und schließlich der Machtergreifung der Roten Khmer für Jahrzehnte unterbrochen.
Seit den späten 1980er Jahren, nach dem Ende der Herrschaft der Roten Khmer und der vietnamesischen Besatzung, wurde der Bayon, wie die anderen Tempelanlagen in Angkor, wieder weitgehend restauriert (siehe auch Anastilosis). Beteiligt sind daran, koordiniert vom International Coordinating Committee (ICC) der UNESCO, Archäologen des kambodschanischen Instituts Authority for the Protection and Management of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap (APSARA), der französischen École française d'Extrême-Orient, des deutschen German Apsara Conservation Project (GACP) und der FH Köln, sowie das Japanese Government Team for Safeguarding Angkor (JSA) und der US-amerikanische World Monuments Fund (WMF).
Seit 1992 wird der Bayon, als Teil von Angkor, auf der Weltkulturerbe-Liste der UNESCO geführt.
Die Khmer waren zur Zeit der Errichtung Angkor Thoms teilweise Anhänger des Hinduismus und teilweise Buddhisten. Wie viele Tempel in Angkor spiegelte auch der Bayon den Synkretismus der Khmer wider und beherbergte sowohl hinduistische Götterbilder wie auch dem Buddha gewidmete Heiligtümer. Jayavarman VII. selbst war Anhänger des Mahayana-Buddhismus (im heutigen Kambodscha ist der Theravada-Buddhismus vorherrschend). So wurde das zentrale Heiligtum des Tempels dem Buddha geweiht.