Berlin Holocaust Memorial - memory of children
Memorial marking 70th anniv of transport of Jewish children to UK
1. Mid of memorial at Berlin's Friedrichstrasse
2. Memorial statue of children with suitcases
3. 'Kindertransport' survivors attending ceremony
4. Close-up of memorial plaque
5. Mid of survivor wearing with his old name tag
6. Close-up of memorial statue
7. Wide of the ceremony underway
8. High-angle of three little girls holding flowers
9. Wide of statue and ceremony going on behind
10. SOUNDBITE: (German) Judy Benton, Kindertransport survivor:
I went to Leipzig and saw the children, there were thousands of children there, but I could not go because I had no papers to go. Then some parents asked me if I could take care of their children, I thought I'm not a nurse here but then I got an idea, went into a shop an bought a red cross nurse uniform, I put it on and went into the train. Nobody asked me anything and this is how I got out.
11. Close-up of the memorial statue
12. SOUNDBITE: (English) Erich Reich, Kindertransport survivor:
I think the memorial in Berlin is probably more important than the memorial at Liverpool station in London. It's just, not to remind the German people of what their forefathers did, but remind the whole nation, the whole world, what can happen if you're not careful and you don't worry about the most vulnerable people, old people, children, poor people, black, white, every religion.
13. Mid of 'Kindertransport' survivors at ceremony
STORYLINE
A memorial was unveiled on Sunday in Berlin to mark the 70th anniversary of the beginning of the so-called 'Kindertransport'.
Between December 1938 and the outbreak of the Second World War over ten thousand Jewish children were transported from Nazi Germany to Britain.
Although the Nazi persecution of Jews started as soon as they took over the power in 1933, UK authorities decided to allow entry for Jewish children under the age of 17 after the violence culminated in 1938 Kristallnacht programmes.
One of the children evacuated from Germany was Judy Benton who was a 16-year-old at the time. Her parents had been arrested by the Gestapo and she didn't have the correct papers that would allow her to go on the train so she disguised herself as a red cross nurse.
Another survivor, Erich Reich said he thought the Berlin location was more appropriate than London for the memorial and that it was an important reminder of the past.
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Journeys to Safety: Memories of the Kindertransport
This is our second short film to commemorate Holocaust Memorial Day. Prior to World War II, many children made journeys through Europe to escape the Nazis and the growing wave of anti-Semitism. The memories of those who travelled to safety as part of the Kindertransport programme are shared. The film also marks the 75th Anniversary of the Kindertransport programme (1938 - 2013).
Initiated by appeals from British Jewish leaders and non-Jewish agencies to the British Government, the Kindertransport was an organised programme to allow the temporary admission of unaccompanied children and teenagers up to the age of 17 years into the United Kingdom prior to the outset of World War II.
The first transports left Berlin on 1 December 1938, the last left Germany on September 1 1939. In all, nearly 10,000 mainly Jewish children escaped certain death had they remained in Nazi occupied Europe.
BERLIN CITY TOUR: The Memorial at Friedrichstraße
Berlin, Germany: Züge in das Leben, Züge in den Tod - Trains to Life, Trains to Death (1938-1945)
Trains to Life – Trains to Death is an outdoor bronze sculpture by architect and sculptor Frank Meisler, installed outside the Friedrichstraße station at the intersection of Georgenstraße and Friedrichstraße (Berlin, Germany). It is the Memorial to the Children's Transports during the Nazi Era.
#Berlin, #Germany, #ZügeindasLeben, #ZügeindenTod, #TrainstoLife, #TrainstoDeath, #TopAttractionsinBerlin, #TopThingsMustSeeinBerlin
Kindertransport - Holocaust Remembrance Suite - played by Hal Freedman
Kindertransport (Children's Transport) was the informal name of a series of rescue efforts between 1938 and 1940, which brought thousands of mostly Jewish children to Great Britain from Nazi Germany.
This piece goes out to all of the children...
To the 10,000 children sent on trains to the West, who were saved.
To the 1.5 million children sent on trains to the East, who were lost.
Following the violent pogrom staged by the Nazi authorities upon Jews in Germany and Austria known as Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass) of November 9-10, 1938, the British government eased immigration restrictions for certain categories of Jewish refugees. Spurred by British public opinion and the persistent efforts of refuge aid committees, most notably the British Committee for the Jews of Germany and the Movement for the Care of Children from Germany, British authorities agreed to permit an unspecified number of children under the age of 17 to enter Great Britain from Germany and German-annexed territories (namely, Austria and the Czech lands).
Private citizens or organizations had to guarantee to pay for each child's care, education, and eventual emigration from Britain. In return for this guarantee, the British government agreed to allow unaccompanied refugee children to enter the country on temporary travel visas. It was understood at the time that when the crisis was over, the children would return to their families. Parents or guardians could not accompany the children. The few infants included in the program were tended by other children on their transport.
The first Kindertransport arrived in Harwich, Great Britain, on December 2, 1938, bringing some 200 children from a Jewish orphanage in Berlin which had been destroyed in the Kristallnacht pogrom.
The last transport from Germany left on September 1, 1939, just as World War II began, while the last transport from the Netherlands left for Britain on May 14, 1940, the day on which the Dutch army surrendered to German forces. In all, the rescue operation brought about 9,000--10,000 children, some 7,500 of them Jewish, from Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland to Great Britain.
Source:
Wikipedia:
Kindertransport association:
This piece is part of the Holocaust Remembrance Suite for solo piano, which is an unique remembrance project, which has grown out of a collaboration between Stephan Beneking, composer based in Berlin, and pianist Hal Freedman from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
The innocence and beauty of pure piano classical music
poses a stark contrast to the horrors of the Third Reich and the Holocaust.
The booklet with descriptions about the historical background and scores / sheet music can be downloaded for free here:
Each piece in the Holocaust Remembrance Suite contains a vital message about the war crimes and atrocities of the past. Unfortunately, the message is applicable to conditons that persist in our world today. It is our sincere hope to raise social awareness of these problems through this important project.
The Suite is accompanied by dramatic videos showing images, which further tell the story behind each individual piece:
The 'Holocaust Remembrance Suite' can be downloaded from BandCamp and is available on iTunes and many other platforms.
All proceeds will be donated to charities.
UK royals visit Holocaust memorial in Berlin
(19 Jul 2017) UK ROYALS VISIT HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL IN BERLIN
Britain's Prince William and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, visited the Holocaust Memorial in Berlin on Wednesday as part of their tour of Germany.
Earlier the Royal couple had lunch with German Chancellor Angela Merkel at the chancellery, as well as visiting the Brandenburg Gate - the city's signature landmark.
William and Kate are also scheduled to visit Heidelberg and Hamburg during their three-day visit in Germany. They arrived after a visit to Poland.
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Tree used as WWII hiding place becomes monument
SHOTLIST
Jerusalem
1. Tilt down from tree tops to tree trunk garden surrounding museum
2. Pan around hollow tree trunk
3. Jakob Silberstein arrives for unveiling ceremony
4. Stage and Israeli flags - unveiling ceremony
5. SOUNDBITE (Hebrew) Jakob Silberstein :
My heart beat beat so hard that I feared that the German soldiers standing outside the tree they will hear me and either cut it down or set it on fire with me inside
6. Point of view from inside tree looking up
7. Jakob Silberstein with Natan Eitan vice chairman of Yad Vashem museum standing next to tree trunk
8. Jakob Silberstein with Anna Grilova (daughter of Jana Sudova) unveiling plaque next to tree trunk
9. SOUNDBITE (Hebrew) Jakob Silberstein
The tree was open at the top and I could see the sky, there were two holes and I could look up
10. Point of view from inside the hollow tree trunk
11. Wide view of invited guests
12. Tilt up to hollow tree trunk
13 SOUNDBITE(English) Natan Eitan, Vice chairman of Yad Vashem museum
It's a unique story, we have a lot of stories that end with a sad ending and in the stories there is a lot of hope. The way he tried to find the tree, the trunk, he is stubborn.
14. Plaque placed next to tree telling Jakob Silberstein's story
LEAD IN:
Yad Vashem , Israel's holocaust museum and memorial, has added a section of hollow tree trunk to it's collection of unusual artefacts from the Nazi -era genocide against European Jews.
The tree represents a remarkable story of man's survival.
STORYLINE:
Jakob Silberstein, a Polish Jew, was eighteen years old when German soldiers rounded up his family in the town of Rypin and transported them to the concentration camp at Auschwitz.
This was November 1942 and Hitler's plans for a 'final solution' for Europe's Jews were proceeding apace.
Jakob's parents and three brothers died at Auschwitz, but in 1945, with the German occupiers in Poland fleeing the advancing Red Army, he was forced to join a death march.
Jakob and three friends managed to escape the march at Shunichel, a village near the border between Poland and Czechoslovakia, and a local woman named Jana Sudova hid them in her attic.
The four hid in the attic for six weeks while Jana Sudova fed them and kept a lookout for German soldiers.
Jakob's companions eventually decided leave on foot and walk towards where they thought they would find advancing Russian soldiers.
They were never seen again - Jakob believes they were caught and killed.
He remained in the attic but whenever there were German patrols nearby he changed his hiding place to a hollow birch tree that stood near the house.
He says he first realised the trunk was hollow when he saw rabbits coming and going from a burrow at its base.
Jakob remembers once spending nine hours inside the tree while soldiers made a thorough search of the house and attic.
Jakob says that he was scared that they would either cut the tree down or set fire to the tree with him inside.
But he was never re-captured and after escaped from Europe the end of the war, eventually he made his way to Israel.
Sixty years later, Jakob Silberstein went back to the small Czech village to look for the tree.
Jana Sudova's house was gone but with the help of some local people he located and positively identified the tree.
About two-thirds of the tree trunk Jakob hid in was brought to Yad Vashem, Israel's holocaust museum and memorial.
Natan Eitan, the Vice chairman of Yad Vashem museum says that it is a unique story of full of hope.
It will be on permanent display in the Garden of the Righteous Among the Nations.
Jana Sudova was posthumously recognised by Yad Vahsem as a 'Righteous Gentile', an honorary title given to non-Jews who saved Jews during the Nazi era.
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Holocaust Survivor Testimony: Dr. Avrum Bichler
Dr. Avrum (Abraham) Bichler was born on February 23, 1933 to a well-to-do Jewish family in Krylow, Poland. Avrum grew up going to Hebrew school, as well as seeing antisemitism from the Poles around them. Following the German-Soviet Nonaggression pact in 1939, the Bichler family packed up everything they could and fled east toward Russia, hiding in barns and coming close to capture and death several times. Unfortunately, Avrum and ten members of his family were caught, forced onto a train, and sent to do forced labor at a camp near the Arctic Circle. There they faced terrible conditions, his sister dying, and rampant disease. Avrum and his family were transported to a Siberian brick factory and then to Turkistan, Kazakhstan where conditions continued to be horrendous and starvation rampant. As the war was coming to an end, the Russians interrogated children about their parents’ religious and business activities and kidnapped Jews to send to the front.
After the war ended, the Bichler family tried to return home to Poland, only to discover the horrors they had left behind. After realizing what had occurred in Poland and hearing warnings to not even attempt to return to Krylow, the Bichlers lived in a kibbutz and later Leipheim displaced persons camp in Poland. Avrum discusses both his excitement at seeing Berlin for the first time, as well as the happiness of singing Hebrew songs and being in a kibbutz. Upon arrival in America, Avrum had to adjust to both the language barrier as well as different societal norms. He enrolled in Yeshiva University and received assistance from the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. Avrum ends by telling us to never give up hope and to draw strength from one’s past.
Kindertransport Learning Resource: What the journey would have been like
Dr Claudia Linda Reese and Louise Stafford from the National Holocaust Centre describe what the journey would have been like...
Nazi-era Kindertransport survivors return to Germany | DW News
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Kristallnacht Remembered In Berlin March
More than 200 rabbis from across the world have marched in silence from the Brandenburg Gate to the Holocaust Memorial in Berlin to commemorate the 75th anniversary of Kristallnacht.
The rabbis, from 30 countries, held memorial candles as they walked the short route between the two landmarks just before midnight.
Organisers said it gave rabbis an opportunity to reflect privately on what was also known as the Night of Broken Glass.
Kristallnacht saw a series of coordinated attacks carried out against Jews throughout Nazi Germany and parts of Austria on November 9 and 10 in 1938.
A participant of the Conference of European Rabbis walks through the Holocaust Memorial during the commemoration of the 75th anniversary of Kristallnacht in Berlin A rabbi walks through the Holocaust Museum
The attacks were carried out by the Sturm Abteilung - the Nazi Party's paramilitary wing - as well as non-Jewish civilians. Scores of Jews were killed and thousands of Jewish businesses and synagogues ransacked as the authorities looked on and did nothing.
We paid homage to the victims of the Holocaust last night we paid homage, and we remembered Kristallnacht, said Pinchas Goldschmidt, chief rabbi of Moscow and president of the Conference of European Rabbis.
We came tonight to this Holocaust memorial in the centre of Berlin to remember the six million victims of the Holocaust.
Jewish religious life is back, and the learning and studying of the Torah is also back in Berlin. This is what we are celebrating as well during these few days in Berlin.
The rabbis were in the German capital to participate in the 28th convention of the Conference of European Rabbis, the main rabbinical alliance in Europe.
Seven hundred religious leaders from Europe's mainstream synagogue communities are participating in the event, designed to maintain and defend the religious rights of Jews in Europe.
The anniversary of the infamous pogrom fell on November 9/10.
Rettung der Zehntausend - Die Kindertransporte
ZDF-History 23.09.2018
Rettung der Zehntausend - Die Kindertransporte
Ihre Eltern blieben zurück, doch sie wurden gerettet: 10 000 jüdische Kinder entkamen vor Kriegsbeginn aus Deutschland nach England und entgingen so dem Holocaust.
The Japanese Schindler Who Saved Thousands in WW2
Sugihara's List (2014): The remarkable story of Japanese diplomat Chiune Sugihara has long been overshadowed by other heroes of WW2. Now, a new play is finally set to memorialise his rescue of 6,000 Polish and Lithuanian Jews.
For similar stories, see:
The Netherlands' Unsung Schindler
How Berlin Shaped Tel Aviv
Survivors of the Holocaust
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Sugihara was an incredible person. He probably never saw a Jew before in his life and he saved so many families. 91 year old holocaust survivor Lilly Singer was one of the thousands who would not be alive today without the intervention of Sugihara. She's in the audience of a new play dramatizing his actions which saved thousands of lives. As the Nazi tanks rolled eastwards, Polish Jews began flooding into Lithuania - their only route of escape onward through Russia. Brian Liau is playing the part of Sugihara. He asked the Japanese foreign office 3 times for permission to issue visas. Despite being refused, Sugihara went on to issue over 6,000 visas for families trying to cross the border. Largely forgotten, for Lilly Singer he remains the hero of the conflict. He saved me and that was the end of that.
SBS Australia – Ref. 6323
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Erna Witsches Schmidmayer Holocaust Story - From Kindertransport to Pioneer in Israel
Erna Witsches Schmidmayer Holocaust Story - From Kindertransport to Pioneer in Israel
Erna Witsches tried to unpack her suitcase but her parents stubbornly repacked her bags. The year was 1939 and the 15 year-old Erna was being dispatched on the Kindertransport from Danzig, Germany to London by her desperate parents, Solomon and Sonia- who didn’t survive the Holocaust.
At the age of 93, in the year 2016, Erna Witches recounts the details of her miraculous life story from survival of the Holocaust as a child rescued from Nazi Germany to London England on the Kindertransport to her struggles as a pioneer in the land of Israel.
Erna Witsches was born on April 20, 1923, in Odessa, Russia. In the misplaced hopes of escaping anti-Semitism, her parents decided to move to Danzig, Germany, (now Gdansk, Poland), in 1929. Erna and her brother Willie, enjoyed a happy childhood. Erna was well educated in a Polish Gymnasium school and also learned German, which would predispose her to a command of many more languages – English, French, and Hebrew in addition to her native Russian. Erna recalls attending services at the Great Synagogue in Danzig (which was destroyed in the Holocaust). Erna’s parents shielded her from the political upheaval that would destroy her family, until 1939 when she recalls that they stood in line for three days to withdraw the savings of 100 Pounds Sterling that would get her passage from Danzig, Germany to London, England.
Erna recalls the last image of her departure from the Schlachthof in Danzig, witnessing her grandfather’s beard pulled as a form of humiliation while her parents wept. Erna was transported to Berlin and then boarded a train to Hanover; and from there to Den Haag and by ship to Harwich, England, on August, 25, 1939.
Arriving in London only three days before the war began, Erna recalls the nightly blackouts as the Germans delivered the bombs to England beginning at 7:00pm like clockwork. Erna was housed in a hostel for 12 Jewish girls, at 26 Belsizes Park, all of whom had come on the Kindertransport from Danzig. The girls would sing,” It’s a long way to Tipperary,” to keep their spirits high. In March, 1940 they joined the Girl Guides where they could learn and perfect their English. Erna matriculated as a nurse in 1941in Haslemere, Surrey. After her training Erna worked as a nurse traveling from place to place throughout England. She was in the UK for a total of 8 years.
Meanwhile, Solomon and Sonia Witsches escaped Danzig and headed for a ship in Kladavo, Yugoslavia, that was harbored on the Danube. That ship was filled with Jews who were hoping to sail to Palestine. The ship became stranded in the harbor. The passengers were packed in like sardines, starving and their hands were frozen with frostbite. They suffered enormously until the Nazi’s evacuated the ship and deported them all to camp in Sabac, Yugoslavia. In October of 1941, they had to dig their own graves, were stripped naked and shot.
“I like you, and I’ll come to marry you!” said the British Staff Sergeant Gerhard Schmidmayer after meeting the 18 year-old Erna for the first time in 1942 on his return from Dunkirk before leaving to Sudan. Gerhard had come to see Erna for information about his sister Hela who was on the same ship in Kladavo with Erna’s parents. They had an immediate bond. And just as he promised, Gerhard returned to marry Erna on June 9, 1945, in London, in a small ceremony.
Gerhards’s mother, Johanna Lamm Schmidmayer and her daughter Elsa and son Martin had escaped Danzig to Mauritius and then to Palestine. Erna and Gerhard decided to join them and begin their married lives as pioneers in the land of Israel. Their lives were arduous. Erna worked as a nurse and a midwife. They slowly eked out an existence in Pardas Katz until they could buy a flat in Ramat Gan. Then they were blessed with two children, Gideon in 1949 and Doron in 1958. And ultimately, they rejoiced in 6 grandchildren and now one great-granddaughter.
Erna remembers the happiest day in May 1948 when she and Gerhard, after all they had endured, could rejoice as they dashed off to Tel Aviv to bear witness as David Ben-Gurion read the words proclaiming --the State of Israel.
Written by Giselle Heimann Ratain , Kathy Atlass, and Susan Brody
What was the Kindertransport?
Interview with Judith Rhodes, daughter of Ursula Michel, who came to England from Germany on the Kindertransport.
The interview was conducted by The Peace Museum for use alongside our temporary exhibition entitled: 'Remembering the Kindertransport: A Tale Of Two Suitcases.' The exhibition tells the story of the Kindertransport children through objects and personal effects, including suitcases, belonging to two children who were evacuated to Britain prior to the outbreak of the Second World War. One of which was Ursula Michel.
The exhibition opened on the 27/01/2017 on Holocaust Memorial Day and will run until 26/04/2017. For details of our closing event visit our website here:
DEFYING THE NAZIS: THE SHARPS’ WAR | Gerda's Story | PBS
Premieres Tuesday, September 20, 2016 at 9/8c on PBS.
Gerda Mayer of Vienna recalls saying good bye in 1939 to her parents as she boarded a plane to England as part of the Kindertransport (Children's Transport), a series of rescue missions that saved thousands of Jewish children. The rest of Gerda's family was killed in the Holocaust.
Join the conversation with #SharpsWarPBS.
Flickering Images: The Holocaust in American Television and Film
Sendler Irena, Slawik, Zegota saved Jews
705 Poles were killed for hiding Jews. Germans killed 705 Poles for save Jews during German occupation Poland- World War II 1939-1945 during German Plan Final Solution(German: Die Endlösung), German Plan Generalplan Ost, German Plan Operation Reinhard, German Plan AB-Aktion, German Plan Operation Tannenberg, RSHA, Sicherheitspolizei, Sicherheitsdienst Reinhard Heydrich, Einsatzgruppen, Pacification operations in German-occupied Poland 1939-1945
Would you risk your own life and your family's to save another human being?
Germans selected occupied Poland as the only country where aiding a Jew, be it only to give him a slice of bread, was immediately punished by death. Failure to inform on a neighbor hiding Jews meant deportation to a GERMAN NAZI Concentration and Extermination Camp(1939-1945) AUSCHWITZ, BUCHENWALD, DACHAU, BERGEN BELSEN, Ravensbrück, SACHSENHAUSEN, MAUTHAUSEN, NEUENGAMME, GROSS-ROSEN, SZUCHA, PAWIAK, PALMIRY.
On August 22, 1939, a week before his attack on Poland, Hitler exhorted his nation: Kill without pity or mercy all men, women and children of Polish descent or language. Only in this way can we obtain the living space we need. As many as 200,000 Polish children, deemed to have Germanic (Aryan) features, were forcibly taken to Germany to be raised as Germans, and had their birth records falsified. Very few of these children were reunited with their families after the war.
More than 500 towns and villages were burned, over 16 thousand persons, mostly Polish Christians, were killed in 714 mass executions of which 60% were carried out by the Wehrmacht (German army) and 40% by the SS and Gestapo. In Bydgoszcz the first victims were boy scouts from 12 to 16 years old, shot in the marketplace. All this happened in the first eight weeks of the war. See Richard C. Lucas, The Forgotten Holocaust; The Poles under German Occupation. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky [c1986].
According to the AB German Plan, Poles were to become a people without education, slaves for the German overlords. Secondary schools were closed; studying, keeping radios, or arms of any kind, or practicing any kind of trade were prohibited under the threat of death.
Out of its pre-war population of 36 million, Poland lost 22%, a higher percentage than any other country in Europe. The heaviest losses were sustained by educated classes, youth and democratic forces that could have challenged totalitarianism. See I. C. Pogonowski, Poland: A Historical Atlas. New York, Hippocrene Books, 1987.
Righteous Among the Nations:
POLAND- 6066 - more than from any other German Nazi-occupied country
Total Persons- 22,211
Zegota-Council for Aid to Jews in Occupied Poland(1939-1945). ZEGOTA (in Polish: ŻEGOTA) was the only government-sponsored (London-based Polish Government-in-Exile) social welfare agency established to rescue Jews in German-occupied EUROPE.
The German occupying forces made concealing Jews a crime punishable by death for everyone living in a house where Jews were discovered. Although this penalty was rarely enforced in practice - it is estimated that some 705 Poles were killed for hiding Jews.
The stories of the rescuers are a shining example of the most selfless sacrifice, surpassing in its heroism that of all the soldiers on the battlefield, whom we commemorate each November. In fact the soldier must fight; he cannot refuse. He is sustained by the entire military organization and his efforts are mostly limited to battles that have a clear beginning and end. He is paid and given the food, supplies and weapons that he needs.
Rescuers of Jews in German-occupied Poland were alone, often deprived of their pre-war means of livelihood, expelled from their farms, factories, businesses, offices and even homes, most of them living in dire poverty. All found it virtually impossible to earn a living. They were under no legal obligation to risk their own lives and, even more, those of their families and neighbors. Their help most often lasted days and nights, weeks, months, even years, always in secret, and always risking discovery. To save one person sometimes several dozens of people risked their lives.
Who of us would do it today, especially in the above mentioned conditions?
Sir Nicholas Winton: the man who saved 669 children from the Nazis | Channel 4 News
Seventy-six years ago, Nicholas Winton saved the lives of 669 mostly Jewish children by arranging their transport out of Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia to the safety of Britain. Today, aged 105, he was flown back for a ceremony at Prague Castle.
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Holocaust Survivors Remember Kristallnacht
They were children in 1938. Now, 80 years later, they reflect on the Night of Broken Glass—the turning point in the Third Reich that would change everything.
This film was produced by the Leo Baeck Institute. It is part of The Atlantic Selects, an online showcase of short documentaries from independent creators, curated by The Atlantic.
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