Kazakhstan, the country of the great steppe.
In its post-Soviet history, the Kazakh state has reinvented itself as a modern and prosperous Eurasian nation. Geographically, more than 80% of the territory is made up of steppe and desserts.
Kazakhstan is 11 times bigger than Romania and has a population of 18 million inhabitants consisted mostly of Kazakhs living with 138 nationalities, including Romanian. It is the ninth largest country in the world and possesses, along with its oil or gas deposits, minerals which cover nearly the entire Mendeleev's periodic table.
They are often confused with the Cossacks, although they have no blood ties with them, they are Kazakhs and tell their story in the documentary Kazakhstan, the country of the great steppe.
Russia China full support To Pakistan political,economics and military.
HOW TO LEARN provide information . Russia China full support To Pakistan political,economics and military.The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is an Eurasian political, economic, and security organisation, the creation of which was announced on 15 June 2001 in Shanghai, China by the leaders of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan; the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Charter was signed in June 2002 and entered into force on 19 September 2003.[1] These countries, except for Uzbekistan, had been members of the Shanghai Five group, founded on 26 April 1996 in Shanghai. India and Pakistan have joined SCO as full members on 9 June 2017 in Astana, Kazakhstan. Member states of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.
1. CHINA
2. RUSSIA
3.PAKISTAN
4.INDIA
5.Kazakhstan
6.Kyrgyzstan
7.Tajikistan
8.Uzbekistan
The Shanghai Five grouping was created 26 April 1996 with the signing of the Treaty on Deepening Military Trust in Border Regions in Shanghai, China by the heads of states of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan.
On 24 April 1997, the same countries signed the Treaty on Reduction of Military Forces in Border Regions in a meeting in Moscow, Russia.[5]
Russian President Vladimir Putin, Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev, Chinese President Jiang Zemin, Kyrgyz President Askar Akayev, and Tajik President Emomali Rahmon, at one time the leaders of the Shanghai Five.
Subsequent annual summits of the Shanghai Five group occurred in Almaty, Kazakhstan in 1998, in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan in 1999, and in Dushanbe, Tajikistan in 2000. At the Dushanbe summit, members agreed to oppose intervention in other countries' internal affairs on the pretexts of 'humanitarianism' and 'protecting human rights;' and support the efforts of one another in safeguarding the five countries' national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and social stability.[6]
In 2001, the annual summit returned to Shanghai. There the five member nations first admitted Uzbekistan in the Shanghai Five mechanism (thus transforming it into the Shanghai Six). Then all six heads of state signed on 15 June 2001 the Declaration of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, praising the role played thus far by the Shanghai Five mechanism and aiming to transform it to a higher level of cooperation.
In June 2002, the heads of the SCO member states met in Saint Petersburg, Russia. There they signed the SCO Charter which expounded on the organisation's purposes, principles, structures and forms of operation, and established it in international law.
In July 2005, at the summit in Astana, Kazakhstan, with representatives of India, Iran, Mongolia and Pakistan attending a SCO summit for the first time, the president of the host country, Nursultan Nazarbayev, greeted the guests in words that had never been used before in any context: The leaders of the states sitting at this negotiation table are representatives of half of humanity.[7]
By 2007 the SCO had initiated over twenty large-scale projects related to transportation, energy and telecommunications and held regular meetings of security, military, defence, foreign affairs, economic, cultural, banking and other officials from its member states.[citation needed]
In July 2015 in Ufa, Russia, the SCO decided to admit India and Pakistan as full members. India and Pakistan signed the memorandum of obligations in June 2016 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, thereby starting the formal process of joining the SCO as full members.[8] On 9 June 2017, at the historic summit in Astana, India and Pakistan have officially joined SCO as full-fledged members.
The SCO has established relations with the United Nations in 2004 (where it is an observer in the General Assembly), Commonwealth of Independent States in 2005, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 2005, the Collective Security Treaty Organization in 2007, the Economic Cooperation Organization in 2007, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in 2011, the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA) in 2014, and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific in 2015.[9]
Its eight full members account for half of the world's population and a quarter of the world's GDP.
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Please watch: 5 Best Ways To Earn Money Online In Pakistan 2017 - Urdu | Hindi.
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Kazakhstan International Oil & Gas Exhibition 2018
Contact details
KIOGE 2018
26 - 28 September 2018
Atakent Exhibition Centre, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Organiser : ITECA , Kazakhstan
Telephone : + 971 4 568 73 84
Email :oilgas@cem-gulf.com
How will US troop withdrawal from Afghanistan affect Central Asia
Alexander Cooley, author of Great Games, Local Rules, on how NATO withdrawal from Afghanistan will impact Central Asian states from lucrative transport fees to withholding critiques of democracy.
Alexander Cooley is the Tow Professor for Distinguished Scholars and Practitioners in the Department of Political Science at Barnard College, Columbia University. In Great Games, Local Rules, Cooley explores the dynamics of the new competition for control of the region since 9/11. All three great powers -- the United States, Russia, and China -- have crafted strategies to increase their power in the area, which includes Afghanistan and the former Soviet republics of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan.
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(c) Oxford University Press USA 2012
Canaan Schools Veteran's Day Video - 2015
Here is another great video from our friends at Canaan Schools in Canaan, VT, who always take time out from their busy schedules to thank all of the brave men and women who have served our country. Thanks guys!
Russia threatens to use HAARP type Tsunami weapon NWO WMD PROOF
and what remains is Russia possessing orbital launch capability:space power. Russia with lots of money, resources, and new weapons, that no oneknowsabout them yet. With them WE WILL DESTROY any part of the planet within 15 minutes. Not an explosion, not a ray burst, not some kind of a laser, not alightning, no, but a quiet and peaceful weapon.Whole continents will be put to sleep forever.And thats all You will have to dig in the wreckage and debris of your buildings. And all of you 120 million will die, if you will ever demand theKuriles from us!So goes for the rest of the world.Everybody should think about their future.About the future of everyone, you all should start thinking . You think now about selling your wine, Georgian wine, to Russia.And you demand UN observers at the border. Do you want the World to forget the word Georgia completely? It will be Russian-Turkish border insteadPresident Saakashvili , you think about it! And then there will be another tsunami.On the other side of the planet, in the Caucasus.Thats it for you.
Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky (Russian: Влади́мир Во́льфович Жирино́вский; born 25 April 1946) is a Russian politician, colonel of the Russian Army, founder and the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR), Vice-Chairman of the State Duma, and a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.
Zhirinovsky was born in Almaty, the capital of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, modern-day Kazakhstan. His father Wolf Eidelstein was a Polish Jew.[5] In July 1964, Zhirinovsky moved from Almaty to Moscow, where he began his studies in the Department of Turkish Studies, Institute of Asian and African Studies at Moscow State University (MSU), from which he graduated in 1969. Zhirinovsky then went into military service in Tbilisi during the early 1970s. He would later get a law degree and work at various posts in state committees and unions. He was awarded a Ph.D. in philosophy by MSU in 1998. Although he participated in some underground reformist groups, Zhirinovsky was largely inconsequential in Soviet political developments during the 1980s. While he contemplated a role in politics, a nomination attempt for a seat as a People's Deputy in 1989 was quickly abandoned.
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peace
Kurdish parliament session, itw with Kurdish army officer
1. Various of exterior of Kurdistan National Assembly building
2. Various of National Assembly in session
3. Adnan al-Mufti, Speaker of National Assembly, approaching podium at news conference
4. Pan from journalists to Al Mufti, Speaker of the Kurdish legislature
5. SOUNDBITE: (Arabic) Adnan al-Mufti, Speaker of the Kurdish legislature:
The parliament of Kurdistan insists on rights of the region and its government to defend the people of Kurdistan, Iraq and their constitution and democracy against any assaults that might target them.
++DUSK SHOTS++
6. Streets and cars in Irbil
7. Various set up shot for Jabbar Yalwar
8. SOUNDBITE: (Arabic) Jabbar Yalwar, spokesman for the Kurdistan Peshmerga (Includes cutaway of Kurdish flag):
Our military units of the regional guards are deployed all over the region along the border and other areas. They are carrying out their special duties. The Peshmerga forces will defend themselves and the region of Kurdistan including the border and the lands that are a part of Iraq.
9. Traffic on street
STORYLINE:
The Speaker of the Kurdistan National Assembly, which runs the autonomous region of northern Iraq, on Wednesday, stressed the right of the region to defend itself.
Speaking after a session of the Kurdish legislature in Irbil, Adnan Al Mufti said: The Parliament of Kurdistan insists on rights of the region and its government to defend the people of Kurdistan, Iraq and their constitution and democracy against any assaults that might target them.
Also on Wednesday a spokesman for the Kurdistan protection forces or Peshmerga told Associated Press Television that Kurdish Peshmerga troops have been sent into the border areas to defend against any attacks from Turkey.
Our military units of the regional guards are deployed all over the region along the border and other areas. They are carrying out their special duties. The Peshmerga forces will defend themselves and the region of Kurdistan including the border and the lands that are a part of Iraq, said Jabbar Yalwar.
The statements came as Turkey's leaders face growing demands at home to stage the offensive into northern Iraq, where the rebels of the Kurdistan Workers' Party - the PKK - rest, train and get supplies in relative safety before returning to Turkey to conduct attacks.
Turkey's official Anatolia news agency said that warplanes and helicopter gunships bombed positions of Kurdish rebels along the rugged Iraqi-Turkish border on Wednesday, targeting mountain paths used by rebels to infiltrate into Turkey.
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Lao and Cambodia join Demonstration against communism Viietnam.
Description
One of the major companies ‘Samruk-Energo’ will also reduce its costs
Watch in the program:
1. Kazakhstan will hold the Presidential Election on April 26;
2. The government of Kazakhstan will reduce administrative costs by about $4 billion;
3. One of the major companies ‘Samruk-Energo’ will also reduce its costs by almost 40 million tenge;
4. The Kazakhstan Mortgage Company is planning to commission 86 apartments for lease with further purchase in a residential building located on Astana's the left in March this year;
5. According to the participants of the first field meeting of the National Council on the training of professional and technical personnel - the dual training system has proven its efficiency;
6. Online video receptions, convenient working hours with no breaks for lunch, free legal advice, services of lawyers and psychologists - all these can be easily obtained through a call center and the web portal of ‘electronic public reception’;
7. A mining complex is being built on the base of the Koktaszhal deposit in Karkaralinsk, the Karaganda region;
8. A new project that was launched during a national teleconference with the participation of the Kazakh President is to create up to 650 new jobs;
9. Each year domestic grain enterprises export about 2 million tons of flour to the Central Asian countries like Iran and China and the company named ‘TonkerIs’ in the Akmola region is one of such enterprises;
10. The 'Made in Kazakhstan' price tags appeared in one of the rural supermarkets in the Kostanay region;
11. The Soviet soldier’s deed in the WWII has been immortalized;
12. Celebrations to mark the Year of People's Assembly of Kazakhstan are being held in Aktau;
13. The final stage of the festival My Kazakhstan, which was held to mark the 20th anniversary of Kazakhstan People’s Assembly, was concluded by a concert.
Economy of Kazakhstan
The economy of Kazakhstan is the largest economy in Central Asia. It possesses enormous oil reserves as well as minerals and metals. It also has considerable agricultural potential with its vast steppe lands accommodating both livestock and grain production, as well as developed space infrastructure, which took over all launches to the International Space Station from the Space Shuttle. The mountains in the south are important for apples and walnuts; both species grow wild there. Kazakhstan's industrial sector rests on the extraction and processing of these natural resources and also on a relatively large machine building sector specializing in construction equipment, tractors, agricultural machinery, and some military items. The breakup of the USSR and the collapse of demand for Kazakhstan's traditional heavy industry products have resulted in a sharp contraction of the economy since 1991, with the steepest annual decline occurring in 1994. In 1995-97 the pace of the government program of economic reform and privatization quickened, resulting in a substantial shifting of assets into the private sector. The December 1996 signing of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium agreement to build a new pipeline from western Kazakhstan's Tengiz Field to the Black Sea increases prospects for substantially larger oil exports in several years. Kazakhstan's economy turned downward in 1998 with a 2.5% decline in GDP growth due to slumping oil prices and the August financial crisis in Russia. A bright spot in 1999 was the recovery of international petroleum prices, which, combined with a well-timed tenge devaluation and a bumper grain harvest, pulled the economy out of recession.
Current GDP per capita shrank by 26% in the Nineties. In the 2000s, Kazakhstan's economy grew sharply, aided by increased prices on world markets for Kazakhstan's leading exports—oil, metals and grain. GDP grew 9.6% in 2000, up from 1.7% in 1999. In 2006, extremely high GDP growth had been sustained, and grew by 10.6%. Business with booming Russia and China, as well as neighboring Commonwealth of Independent States nations have helped to propel this growth. The increased economic growth also led to a turn-around in government finances, with the budget moving from a cash deficit of 3.7% of GDP in 1999 to 0.1% surplus in 2000. The country experienced a slowdown in economic growth from 2014 sparked by falling oil prices and the effects of the Ukrainian crisis The country's currency was devalued by 19% in 2004 and by 22% in 2015.
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Eric Owen Moss: “I’ll See It When I Believe It”
Eric Owen Moss, MArch ’72, was born in Los Angeles, California. In 1973, after completing his studies at UCLA, UC Berkeley, and Harvard Graduate School of Design, he founded Eric Owen Moss Architects. Today, his firm is an award-winning 25-person office that designs and constructs projects in the United States and around the world. As documented in monographs on the firm’s work, such as Eric Owen Moss Construction Manual 1988–2008 (2009), Moss has placed a distinct emphasis on the act and process of building. His many essays on design theory and reflections on architecture as a discipline have been published in collections including Gnostic Architecture (1999) and Who Says What Architecture Is (2007). His most recent book The New City: I’ll See It When I Believe It (2016) documents his rehabilitation of more than fifty buildings in the Hayden Tract between Los Angeles and Santa Monica: that abandoned industrial district was transformed into an enclave of creative and new media companies, made possible by his close, decades-long collaboration with a developer.
Moss has lectured widely and held teaching positions at major universities around the world, including Harvard, Yale, Columbia, University of Applied Arts in Vienna, and the Royal Academy in Copenhagen. A longtime professor at the Southern California Institute of Architecture (SCI-Arc), he served as its director from 2002 to 2015. Among the many honors he has received are the AIA|LA Educator of the Year in 2006; the Most Admired Educator Award from the Design Futures Council in 2013; and the Jencks Award from the Royal Institute of British Architects, in 2011. In 2014 he was inducted into the National Academy and in 2016 he received the Austrian Decoration of Honor for Science and Art.
UN SecGen meets head of Russian Parliament, comments on Kashmir dispute
1. UN General-Secretary Kofi Annan's plane taxiing on tarmac at Vnukovo 2 airport, Moscow
2. Cutaway airport worker
3. Annan exiting plane, descending stairs and being greeted by Russian officials
4. Plane on tarmac, Russian military
5. Annan approaching red carpet with Russian officials and military
6. Cutaway of Russian military
7. Annan and Russian officials inspecting troops
8. Cutaway of Annan
9. Airport
10. Annan and Russian official looking on
11. Cutaway of Russian and UN flags
12. Annan and officials walking
13. People entering airport building
14. Exterior of the Federation Council (Upper House of the Russian Parliament)
15. Annan shaking hands with Speaker of the Upper House of the Russian Parliament, Sergei Mironov,
16. Annan and Mironov walking
17. Cutaway of flags
18. Interior federation council
19. Annan and UN officials
21. Mironov and Russian officials
22. Cutaway of media
23. Setup of Annan and Mironov
24. SOUNDBITE: (English) Kofi Annan, UN General Secretary:
I am in touch with the leadership of both countries, India and Pakistan and I've spoken to them as recently as yesterday and I am also hoping that at the Almaty meeting Presidents Putin and Jiang Zemin and other leaders will have the opportunity of speaking with Prime Minister Vajpayee and President Musharraf to try to help reduce tensions and save us from any further escalation.
25. Cutaway of media
26. SOUNDBITE: (English) Kofi Annan, UN General Secretary:
I am hopeful that the dicussions in Almaty will make a positive contribution and we are coordinating our efforts and I would hope that none of us is contemplating nuclear war, and both leaders have indicated that they will not use nuclear weapons.
27. Annan and Mironov with translators
28. Annan and Mirionov leaving the council
STORYLINE:
United Nations secretary-general Kofi Annan arrived in Moscow on Tuesday at the start of a three-day official visit.
His first arrangement was a meeting with Speaker of the Upper House of the Russian Parliament Sergei Mironov at the Federation Council in Moscow.
After the meeting, Annan addressed reporters and spoke of on the ongoing tensions in disputed Kashmir. He said he hoped the Russian and Chinese presidents, Vladimir Putin and Jiang Zemin, would be able to hold talks with the leaders of Pakistan and India at the summit of 16 Asian nations - including India and Pakistan - currently underway in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Annan said he was in contact with the Indian prime minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Pakistani president General Pervez Musharraf, and hoped none of us is contemplating nuclear war.
Whilst in Russia the U-N leader plans to hold wide-ranging talks with Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov, Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov, and Duma Speaker Gennady Seleznyov.
Measures to enhance the role of the United Nations in settling international problems are to be discussed during the meetings.
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Artists and Global Citizenship: a Pilot ArtsLink Assembly produced by CEC ArtsLink, New York City
CEC ArtsLink presented a pilot ArtsLink Assembly on Artists and Global Citizenship livestreaming from New York City on the global, commons-based peer produced HowlRound TV network at howlround.tv Friday 16 November 2018 at 2 p.m. EST (New York) / 19.00 UTC +0 (London) / 20.00 UTC +1 (Berlin) / 21.00 UTC +2 (Bucharest) / 22.00 UTC +3 (Moscow). Use #ArtsLinkAssembly in social media.
The ArtsLink Assembly is a new public forum to share practices and ideas, to network and foster dialogue with international and U.S. artists, cultural institutions, foundations, and city and federal agencies.
Central to the Assembly is the exploration of the impact of international cultural exchange and the artists' growing role in social justice and building an open democratic society. The ArtsLink Fellows 2018 from Albania, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, and Ukraine will participate in presentations and focused dialogues.
Speakers included, among others, Simon Brault, Director, Canada Council for the Arts; Izabel Galliera, author of Social Practice in Post-Soviet Europe; Leyya Tawil and Mike Khoury, artists; Nina Murray, U.S. State Department; Noor Zafar, lawyer; and Guiomar Ochoa, NEA.
Foundations panel moderated by Cathy Edwards, New England Foundation for the Arts, features Zeyba Rahman, Doris Duke Foundation for Islamic Art; Michelle Coffey, Lambent Foundation; Rashida Bumbray, Open Society Foundations; and Barbara Lanciers, Trust for Mutual Understanding.
Video index:
0:00 — Welcome
Hadrien Coumans and Brent Michael Davids, Lenape Center / Simon Dove, CEC ArtsLink
7:39 — ArtsLink Fellows 2018: Inga Lāce, Latvia / Assel Kadyrkhanova, Kazakhstan
18:30 — Undoing Nationalism: Laurel Ptak, Art in General, and ArtsLink alum Michal Novotny, Centre for Contemporary Art FUTURA, Prague, Czech Republic
29:20 — Arts Envoy Program: Nina Murray, U.S. Department of State
36:18 — The Ecological Challenge: Hadrien Coumans and Brent Michael Davids, Lenape Center
44:22 — New York Safe Haven Residency: Ashley Tucker, Artistic Freedom Initiative and Sebastien Sanz de Santamaria, Residency Unlimited
55:13 — Arab Experimentalism in Music, Performance and Live Art: artists Leyya Tawil and Mike Khoury
1:06:20 — ArtsLink Fellows 2018: Bozhena Zakaliuzhna, Ukraine / Viacheslav Ivaschenko, Russia
1:17:50 — The Arts Beyond Borders — Beginning with the Americas: Simon Brault, CEO Canada Council for the Arts. View the English transcript on the Canada Council for the Arts website: View the French transcript on the Canada Council for the Arts website:
1:45:25 — Foundations Investing in Trans-National Cultural Programs: Challenges and Opportunities. Panel moderated by Cathy Edwards, New England Foundation for the Arts with Zeyba Rahman, Doris Duke Foundation for Islamic Art; Michelle Coffey, Lambent Foundation; Rashida Bumbray, Open Society Foundations; and Barbara Lanciers, Trust for Mutual Understanding
2:30:30 — ArtsLink Fellows 2018: Zoya Falkova, Kazakhstan
2:41:10 — The Relevance of Socially Engaged Art Practice in Times of Crisis: Izabel Galliera, Assistant Professor, McDaniel College
2:57:33 — How the National Endowment for the Arts Fosters International Creative Collaboration: Guiomar Ochoa, International Activities Specialist, National Endowment for the Arts
3:07:35 — ArtsLink Fellows 2018: Adela Demetja, Albania / Karolina Halatek, Poland
3:18:26 — Make Sanctuary Not Art — Institutions, Artists and the Politics of Solidarity: Abou Farman Farmaian, The New School
3:29:17 — Priit Raud, ArtsLink alum, Estonia
3:41:14 — The Muslim Ban: Policies Targeting Muslim Communities: Noor Zafar, ACLU
3:51:48 — ArtsLink Fellows 2018: Raluca Croitoru, Romania / Filip Rađenović, Serbia
3:59:30 — Thanks: All Fellows 2018
About HowlRound TV
HowlRound TV is a global, commons-based peer produced, open access livestreaming and video archive project stewarded by the nonprofit HowlRound. HowlRound TV is a free and shared resource for live conversations and performances relevant to the world's performing arts and cultural fields. Its mission is to break geographic isolation, promote resource sharing, and to develop our knowledge commons collectively. Participate in a community of peer organizations revolutionizing the flow of information, knowledge, and access in our field by becoming a producer and co-producing with us. Learn more by going to our participate page. For any other queries, email tv@howlround.com, or call Vijay Mathew at +1 917.686.3185 Signal/WhatsApp. View the video archive of past events.
Nazarbayev ignores the United Nations and Human Rights Watch
RIGHT NOW IN KAZAKHSTAN:
ATTENTION FOR THE WORLD HR ORGANIZATION!
DO NOT KEEP SILENCE ABOUT KAZAKHSTAN TURMOIL ON LAND SALE ISSUE PLEASE!
YOUR SILENCE MAY COST US TOO EXPENSIVE!
NOW THE DICTATOR IS REPRESSING THE PEOPLE BY FORCE!
EVIDENCE OF HOW THE REGIME OF NURSULTAN NAZARBAYEV CONTINUES TO IGNORE THE WARNS OF THE UNITED NATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH:
Ealier, the UN and WHR have warned as:
Little progress in Iran nuclear talks
World powers are meeting with Iranian diplomats in Kazakhstan for another round of talks about Iran's nuclear programme.
Aircraft hangar - Testimonial
Cute girl takes apart and reassembles AK-74
Kazakhstan | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kazakhstan
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан, translit. Qazaqstan, IPA: [qɑzɑqˈstɑn] ( listen); Russian: Казахстан, IPA: [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы, translit. Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Russian: Республика Казахстан, tr. Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi). It is a transcontinental country largely located in Asia; the most western parts are located in Europe. Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.Kazakhstan is officially a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of 2018. Given its large land area, its population density is among the lowest, at less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq mi). The capital is Astana, where it was moved in 1997 from Almaty, the country's largest city.
The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by Turkic nomads who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as Turkic Khaganate etc. In the 13th century, the territory joined the Mongolian Empire under Genghis Khan. By the 16th century, the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group, divided into three jüz (ancestor branches occupying specific territories). The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century, they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times. In 1936, it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union.
Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The current President, Nursultan Nazarbayev, has been leader of the country since then, and is characterised as authoritarian, with a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition. Kazakhstan has worked to develop its economy, especially its dominant hydrocarbon industry. Human Rights Watch says that Kazakhstan heavily restricts freedom of assembly, speech, and religion, and other human rights organisations regularly describe Kazakhstan's human rights situation as poor.
Kazakhstan's 131 ethnicities include Kazakhs (63% of the population), Russians, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, Germans, Tatars, and Uyghurs. Islam is the religion of about 70% of the population, with Christianity practised by 26%. Kazakhstan officially allows freedom of religion, but religious leaders who oppose the government are suppressed. The Kazakh language is the state language, and Russian has equal official status for all levels of administrative and institutional purposes. Kazakhstan is a member of the United Nations, WTO, CIS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the Eurasian Economic Union, CSTO, OSCE, OIC, and TURKSOY.
Astana | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Astana
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Astana (; Kazakh and Russian: Астана, translit. Astana; Kazakh pronunciation: [ɑstɑˈnɑ]; Russian pronunciation: [ɐstɐˈna]) is the capital city of Kazakhstan. It is located on the banks of the Ishim River in the north portion of Kazakhstan, within the Akmola Region, though administered separately from the region as a city with special status. The 2017 official estimate reported a population of 1,029,556 within the city limits, making it the second-largest city in Kazakhstan, behind Almaty.Astana became the capital city of Kazakhstan in 1997, and since then has developed economically into one of the most modernized cities in Central Asia. Modern Astana is a planned city, like Brasília in Brazil, Canberra in Australia, Washington, D.C. in the United States and other planned capitals. After Astana became the capital of Kazakhstan, the city cardinally changed its shape. The master plan of Astana was designed by Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa. As the seat of the Government of Kazakhstan, Astana is the site of the Parliament House, the Supreme Court, the Ak Orda Presidential Palace and numerous government departments and agencies. It is home to many futuristic buildings, hotels and skyscrapers. Astana also has extensive healthcare, sports and education systems.
Kazakhstan | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kazakhstan
00:03:52 1 Etymology
00:04:40 2 History
00:05:17 2.1 Kazakh Khanate
00:08:07 2.2 Russian Empire
00:11:21 2.3 Soviet Union
00:15:54 2.4 Independence
00:17:05 3 Geography
00:20:13 3.1 Natural resources
00:22:48 3.2 Climate
00:23:14 3.3 Wildlife
00:24:15 3.4 Administrative divisions
00:25:26 3.5 Municipal divisions
00:26:18 3.6 Urban centres
00:26:27 4 Politics
00:26:35 4.1 Political system
00:27:49 4.2 Elections
00:30:09 4.3 Foreign relations
00:34:46 4.4 Military
00:37:21 4.5 Human rights
00:41:01 5 Economy
00:51:37 5.1 Agriculture
00:53:38 5.2 Infrastructure
00:58:45 5.3 Tourism
01:01:28 5.4 Green economy
01:02:17 5.5 Foreign direct investment
01:04:52 5.6 Banking
01:06:18 5.7 Bond market
01:07:00 5.8 Housing market
01:08:05 5.9 Nurly Jol economic policy
01:09:17 5.10 Economic competitiveness
01:10:16 5.11 Corruption
01:11:33 6 Science and technology
01:16:02 7 Demographics
01:17:17 7.1 Ethnic groups
01:19:14 7.2 Languages
01:20:15 7.3 Religion
01:23:16 7.4 Education
01:25:43 8 Culture
01:27:13 8.1 Literature
01:30:55 8.2 Music
01:35:33 8.3 Cuisine
01:36:11 8.4 Sport
01:41:32 8.5 Film
01:42:30 8.6 Media
01:43:35 8.7 UNESCO World Heritage sites
01:43:59 8.8 Public holidays
01:44:08 9 Membership of international organisations
01:45:14 10 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан, translit. Qazaqstan, IPA: [qɑzɑqˈstɑn] (listen); Russian: Казахстан, IPA: [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы, translit. Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Russian: Республика Казахстан, tr. Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi). It is a transcontinental country largely located in Asia; the most western parts are located in Europe. Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.Kazakhstan is officially a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of 2018. Given its large land area, its population density is among the lowest, at less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq mi). The capital is Astana, where it was moved in 1997 from Almaty, the country's largest city.
The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by Turkic nomads who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as Turkic Khaganate etc. In the 13th century, the territory joined the Mongolian Empire under Genghis Khan. By the 16th century, the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group, divided into three jüz (ancestor branches occupying specific territories). The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century, they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times. In 1936, it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union.
Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The current President, Nursultan Nazarbayev, has been leader of the country since then, and is characterised as authoritarian, with a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition. Kazakhstan has worked to develop its economy, especially its dominant hydrocarbon industry. Human Rights Watch says that Kazakhsta ...