Museo Galileo, Florence, Tuscany, Italy, Europe
The Museo Galileo (formerly the Museum of history of science and then Institute and Museum of the History of Science) in Florence is located in Piazza dei Giudici, just behind the square of the Uffizi, in the palace Castellani, a severe medieval building with three floors. Holds one of the most important scientific collections nationally and internationally. On 8 June 2010, after a two-year closure for renovations, the museum of the history of science has reopened to the public with the new name of Museo Galileo. The opening coincides with the 400th anniversary of the Sidereus Nuncius, the work was published in March 1610 with which Galileo Galilei popularized the sensational new show him from the telescope. The building stands on the site of the ancient castle of Altafronte , dating from the late eleventh century , which was the fortress that protected the Arno river port and was part of the circle of the ancient walls of Florence . The name comes from Altafronte family who owned it until 1180, when it was ceded to the powerful Ghibelline family of Uberti . As a result , damaged by the flood of 1333 and now deeply altered , passed to Castellani , who built the present palace . From 1574 to 1841 it housed the Justices of the wheel , to which the signs near the entrance to the walled palace : this is also sometimes referred to as the palace of the Judges, not to be confused with the art palace of Judges and Notaries in the way proconsul . The name judges wheel comes from the fact that they were chosen on a rotating among graduates in law and they sbrigavano civil cases . The palace was the subject of a heavy restoration in the first half of the nineteenth century and for a time it housed the collection of manuscripts in the National Library , up to the 20s . Among the prestigious institutions that have been established in the building we can not forget the Accademia della Crusca and the Deputation of the country's history for Tuscany . Since 1930 the public domain , which owns the building , has awarded the Institute and Museum of the History of Science , which now occupies the whole building . In 1839 it was restored by the architect Francesco Leoni. During some restoration work between 2002 and 2003 have been unearthed in the basement four imposing arches of the foundation stone of the castle Altafronte dating back to Medieval times . Interesting is the loggia on the top floor overlooking the Arno , now backed by windows . The museum was inaugurated in 1930 and collects valuable scientific instruments in part from the collections mediecee, once exhibited at the Museum of the Observatory attiguamente Palazzo Pitti, in part, from the collections Arcispedale of Santa Maria Nuova, partly through purchases from other sources and donations. In fact, if the branch of the Medici Lorenzo the Magnificent and Cosimo the Elder had a great love for the artistic patronage , the branch of the Grand Dukes , who came to power with Cosimo I in 1537 , protected and stimulated the sciences. The objects and equipment on display covering a time span from the Renaissance to the nineteenth century , and although initially the show was a pure display of memorabilia ( such as the famous telescope of Galileo), after the reorganization after the flood (1966) and the renewal of 1991 has become a scientific research institute for Italian and foreign scholars . The exhibition is a thematic basis of twenty rooms . In addition to the aforementioned telescopes belonged to Galileo Galilei , the museum also preserves the thermoscope , the geometric compass military , the inclined plane and a primitive microscope .
It also preserves a collection of instruments of the Accademia del Cimento , founded in 1657, with instruments for experiments on the thermodynamics, the void , the sound and the compressibility of liquids . One of the larger rooms contains a collection of antique globe and celestial spheres , with a great armillary sphere in carved and gilded wood used for complex astronomical calculations , made by Antonio Santucci between 1588 and 1593 .
The museum is also rich in many other instruments from different countries and different eras , including a series of scientific divertissement of the grand-ducal court , such as machines that create optical illusions , games of lenses and also a unique machine that revealed the purity of diamonds, however, because destroying acting on carbon , which are compounds , causing irreparable combustion. Part of the Institute since its founding , the library of the museum is now located on the third floor roof terrace of the building in the old Castellani.
The first science museum
The Medici scientific collections were transferred to the Museo di Fisica e Storia Naturale [Physics and Natural History Museum], founded by Grand Duke Peter Leopold in 1775. There, the collections were enriched by conspicuous acquisitions of new instruments and experimental apparatus. Under its first director, Felice Fontana, the Museum became an important center for research and diffusion of scientific culture.
In 1841, on the occasion of the Third Congress of Italian Scientists, the Tribuna di Galileo was built in the Museo di Fisica e Storia Naturale. The more important instruments of the Medici collection were showcased there, together with those invented and used by Galileo and by the Accademia del Cimento.
In 1860, as a consequence of the unification of Italy, the Museo di Fisica e Storia Naturale was shut down. Most of the collections were donated to the departments of the Istituto di Studi Superiori, the predecessor of the University of Florence. Only the ancient instruments and the zoology and anatomy collections remained in the original location.
Ownership of the ancient scientific collections passed to the University of Florence at its foundation in 1925. To ensure their conservation and proper display, the Medici-Lorraine collections of scientific instruments were handed over to the Museo di Storia della Scienza [History of Science Museum]. The Museum was opened in 1930 in Palazzo Castellani, which remains its home to this day.
Thanks to the commitment of its first directors, Andrea Corsini and Maria Luisa Righini Bonelli, the Museo di Storia della Scienza of Florence established itself as an internationally recognized center for conservation, popularization, and research.
In recent years the Museum displays have been completely redesigned; the Library has become the Italian reference center for studies in the history of science and technology and in scientific museology. The Institute has organized international meetings and seminars, training courses, and high-profile traveling exhibitions. It has published a wide range of works of scholarly and general interest. The Institute has developed educational programs as well as innovative multimedia products.
Institute and Museum of the History of Science | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:02 1 The museum
00:02:12 2 The Medici Collection
00:02:55 3 The Lorraine Collection
00:03:36 4 Gallery
00:03:45 5 Research and documentation
00:04:32 6 Temporary exhibitions
00:05:25 7 Publications
00:06:19 8 The library
00:07:50 9 The Multimedia Lab
00:08:24 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9403958666701437
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Museo Galileo, the former Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza (Institute and Museum of the History of Science) is located in Florence, Italy, in Piazza dei Giudici, along the River Arno and close to the Uffizi Gallery. It is housed in Palazzo Castellani, an 11th-century building which was then known as the Castello d’Altafronte.
Museo Galileo owns one of the world’s major collection of scientific instruments, which bears evidence of the crucial role that the Medici and Lorraine Grand Dukes attached to science and scientists.
The Museo di Storia della Scienza re-opened to the public under the new name Museo Galileo on June 10, 2010, after a two-year closure due to important redesigning and renovation works. It was inaugurated four hundred years after the publication in March 1610 of Galileo’s Sidereus Nuncius (The Starry Messenger), the booklet that revolutionized mankind’s conception of the universe, decisively contributing to the advent of modern science.
Lecture: Prof Paolo Galluzzi on Leonardo
The Shadow of Light: Leonardo's Mind by Candlelight
Paolo Galluzzi (Director, Museo Galileo, Florence)
Professor Paolo Galluzzi Professor Paolo Galluzzi
The Italian Academy is pleased to present Professor Paolo Galluzzi, director of the Museo Galileo in Florence, in a lecture entitled The Shadow of Light: Leonardo’s Mind by Candlelight.
“Leonardo,” says Prof. Galluzzi, “records the extraordinary chain of thoughts triggered by the candle burning on his table, in a double folio in the Codex Atlanticus of c. 1508-10 – a fairly long and organic one, at least by Leonardo’s standards –titled On the motion of flame. The sequence of ingenious observations and penetrating reflections echoes experiments and analyses recorded in other manuscripts of the same years. Leonardo’s daring analogies offer a fascinating journey through his unified vision of man and the physical world, a vision reaching from natural philosophy to meteorology, from the ‘science of painting’ to cosmology, from anatomy to geology. The candle’s flame is transformed by Leonardo’s sharp eye into a powerful microscope that reveals the universal principles which govern all natural phenomena.”
An acclaimed and popular lecturer, Prof. Galluzzi has lectured and taught at the Universities of Siena and Florence, and at Harvard, Princeton, UCLA, and NYU as well as at the University of Hamburg, the Centre Koyré, at the Ecole des Haute Etudes (Paris).
Paolo Galluzzi has been Director of Florence’s Museo Galileo (formerly the Institute and Museum of the History of Science) since 1982. He is a member of the Royal Academy of Science in Stockholm and socio of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. He is the author of more than 200 publications on the activity of the scientists and engineers of the Renaissance, on several aspects of science during the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution, on scientific terminology, on the activities of Galileo and his school, on the history of the European scientific academies and on the birth and development of the historiography of science.
Galileo - An Educational Film
An educational film dramatising the life of Galileo and his scientific discoveries.
Chapters
2:15 - Scene 1: Of Mice and Pendulums. Pisa Cathedral, Italy, 1583.
7:50 - Scene 2: The Feather and the Weights. The Leaning Tower of Pisa, 1590.
14:55 - Scene 3: The Spyglass. Optician's Shop, Holland, 1608.
21:15 - Scene 4: Galileo's Star Party. Galileo's Garden, Padua, Italy. 1609.
36:10 - Scene 5: A Visit From the Pope. Galileo's Garden, Florence, Italy, 1633.
51:00 - Epilogue: The Space Probes. A student's room, Lancaster University, 2009.
Hotel Balestri **** Hotel Review 2017 HD, Uffizi, Italy
Save money booking hotel Hotel Balestri in Uffizi, Italy
Book now
...
Property Location
With a stay at Hotel Balestri, you'll be centrally located in Florence, steps from Museo Horne and Galileo Museum - Institute and Museum of the History of Science. This 4-star hotel is close to Ponte Vecchio and Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Flower.
Rooms
Make yourself at home in one of the 51 air-conditioned rooms featuring minibars. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and satellite programming is available for your entertainment. Private bathrooms...
Galileo's Finger: The Ten Great Ideas of Science
Galileo's Finger: The Ten Great Ideas of Science
November 24, 2010
In his book Galileo's Finger, Peter Atkins identifies criteria that let us classify a scientific idea as 'great.' This conversation describes those criteria, and identifies what Atkins regards as the greatest ideas ever (so far). After providing a foundation, the conversation focuses on the high points of each area of science, from biology and chemistry to physics and mathematics, in a nontechnical and highly pictorial way.
Peter Atkins
Fellow, Lincoln College, Oxford University; Author, Galileo's Finger: The Ten Great Ideas of Science (Oxford University Press, 2003)
In conversation with
Joel Bernstein
Professor of Chemistry, NYUAD
Sign up to our mailing list to stay informed of upcoming NYU Abu Dhabi Institute events:
To view our past events and videos, click here:
Follow NYU Abu Dhabi Institute on social media:
Facebook:
Twitter:
Instagram:
Follow NYU Abu Dhabi on social media:
Visit our website:
Facebook:
Twitter:
Instagram:
Paolo Galluzzi, Spotted Felines and Spotted Sun. The Lincei and Galileo's Istoria
Paolo Galluzzi, Museo Galileo
Institute and Museum of the History of Science
HEAVENLY IMPERFECTION: GALILEO'S DISCOVERY OF SUNSPOTS
Mahindra Humanities Center at Harvard University, Friday, October 4, 2013.
Cosponsored with the Consulate General of Italy in Boston, the Office of the Dean of Arts and Humanities at Harvard, the Museo Galileo of Florence, Trevi Icos, and the 2013, Year of Italian Culture in the United States Project.
The Partial History of Observational Astronomy
Historia et Evolutions Astronomia
History and Evolution of Astronomy
All clips compliments of MuseoGalileo.it
Museo Galileo - Institute and Museum of the History of Science · Piazza dei Giudici 1 · 50122 Florence · ITALY
FAIR USE STATEMENT Education
This video may contain copyrighted material the use of which has not been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. This material is being made available within this transformative or derivative work for the purpose of education, commentary and criticism and is believed to be fair use in accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107.
Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 17 U.S.C. § 106 and 17 U.S.C. § 106A, the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright.
Episode I: The QuEST for Sunspots
Observing sunspots, Galileo discovered the rotation of the Sun… George Ellery Hale discovered that they have intense magnetic fields…But there are still many open questions about these enigmatic structures. EST will help answer them.
Acknowledgments:
Chinese translation by Jiajia Liu. University of Sheffield.
Czech translation by Jan Jurcak. Astronomical Institute AS CR.
German translation by Birgit Krummheuer. Max Planck Gesellschaft.
Greek translation by Georgia Tsiropoula. National Observatory of Athens.
Hungarian translation by Bernadett Belucz and Robertus Erdélyi. University of Sheffield.
Italian translation by Salvo Guglielmo. Universita degli Studi di Catania.
Norwegian translation by Viggo Hansteen. Universitetet i Oslo.
Polish translation by Pawel Rudawy. Astronomical Institute of the Wroclaw University.
Portuguese translation by Ricardo Gafeira. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía.
Slovak translation by Julius Koza and Peter Gomory. Astronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences.
Swedish translation Mats Löfdahl. Stockholms Universitet.
Math Encounters -- Vital Math: How mathematicians changed the world
Mathematics has played a vital role in the development of human civilization, serving as the foundation of much of modern technology and popular culture. From Maxwell and the mobile phone to Florence Nightingale and big data, mathematicians have had a profound impact on all of our lives. Join UK mathematician and professor Chris Budd in a celebration of the contributions of mathematicians over the centuries.
Special introduction by mathematician Robert Kohn, NYU Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences.
Math Encounters is a public presentation series celebrating the spectacular world of mathematics and presented by the Simons Foundation and the National Museum of Mathematics.
For further information, call the Museum of Mathematics at
(212) 542-0566 or e-mail mathencounters@momath.org.
Florence | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:10 1 History
00:04:29 1.1 Roman origins
00:06:12 1.2 Second millennium
00:07:48 1.3 Middle Ages and Renaissance
00:07:58 1.3.1 Rise of the Medici
00:10:40 1.3.2 Savonarola, Machiavelli, and the Medici Popes
00:13:01 1.4 18th and 19th centuries
00:15:10 1.5 20th century
00:18:12 1.6 21st century
00:18:38 2 Geography
00:19:08 2.1 Climate
00:20:11 3 Government
00:22:23 4 Main sights
00:27:47 4.1 Monuments, museums and religious buildings
00:36:23 4.2 Squares, streets and parks
00:38:43 5 Demographics
00:41:22 6 Economy
00:42:30 6.1 Industry, commerce and services
00:44:37 6.2 Tourism
00:48:15 6.3 Food and wine production
00:49:20 7 Culture
00:49:29 7.1 Art
00:56:29 7.2 Language
00:57:37 7.3 Literature
01:00:05 7.4 Music
01:03:11 7.5 Cinema
01:03:48 7.6 Cuisine
01:05:42 7.7 Research activity
01:06:11 7.8 Science and discovery
01:07:32 7.9 Fashion
01:09:09 7.10 Historical evocations
01:09:19 7.10.1 iScoppio del Carro/i
01:10:14 7.10.2 iCalcio Storico/i
01:11:45 7.11 Sport
01:13:34 8 Transportation
01:13:44 8.1 Cars
01:14:33 8.2 Buses
01:16:28 8.3 Trams
01:17:36 8.4 Florence public transport statistics
01:18:29 8.5 Railway station
01:19:57 8.6 Airport
01:20:23 9 International relations
01:20:33 9.1 Twin towns and sister cities
01:20:46 10 Other partnerships
01:20:56 11 Notable residents
01:24:46 12 In popular culture
01:25:05 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8724439747107902
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Florence ( FLORR-ənss; Italian: Firenze [fiˈrɛntse] (listen)) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with 383,084 inhabitants in 2013, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Florence was a centre of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of that era. It is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance, and has been called the Athens of the Middle Ages. A turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful Medici family and numerous religious and republican revolutions. From 1865 to 1871 the city was the capital of the recently established Kingdom of Italy. The Florentine dialect forms the base of Standard Italian and it became the language of culture throughout Italy due to the prestige of the masterpieces by Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli and Francesco Guicciardini.
The city attracts millions of tourists each year, and the Historic Centre of Florence was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982. The city is noted for its culture, Renaissance art and architecture and monuments. The city also contains numerous museums and art galleries, such as the Uffizi Gallery and the Palazzo Pitti, and still exerts an influence in the fields of art, culture and politics. Due to Florence's artistic and architectural heritage, it has been ranked by Forbes as one of the most beautiful cities in the world.Florence is an important city in Italian fashion, being ranked in the top 15 fashion capitals of the world; furthermore, it is a major national economic centre, as well as a tourist and industrial hub. In 2008, the city had the 17th highest average income in Italy.
Florence | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Florence
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Florence ( FLORR-ənss; Italian: Firenze [fiˈrɛntse] (listen)) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with 383,084 inhabitants in 2013, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Florence was a centre of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of that era. It is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance, and has been called the Athens of the Middle Ages. A turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful Medici family and numerous religious and republican revolutions. From 1865 to 1871 the city was the capital of the recently established Kingdom of Italy. The Florentine dialect forms the base of Standard Italian and it became the language of culture throughout Italy due to the prestige of the masterpieces by Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli and Francesco Guicciardini.
The city attracts millions of tourists each year, and the Historic Centre of Florence was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982. The city is noted for its culture, Renaissance art and architecture and monuments. The city also contains numerous museums and art galleries, such as the Uffizi Gallery and the Palazzo Pitti, and still exerts an influence in the fields of art, culture and politics. Due to Florence's artistic and architectural heritage, it has been ranked by Forbes as one of the most beautiful cities in the world.Florence is an important city in Italian fashion, being ranked in the top 15 fashion capitals of the world; furthermore, it is a major national economic centre, as well as a tourist and industrial hub. In 2008, the city had the 17th highest average income in Italy.
List of planetariums | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:13 1 Permanent planetariums
00:00:37 1.1 Africa
00:01:21 1.2 Asia
00:06:51 1.3 Europe
00:21:00 1.4 North America
00:21:09 1.4.1 Canada
00:22:56 1.4.2 Costa Rica
00:23:08 1.4.3 Mexico
00:25:50 1.4.4 United States
00:40:49 1.5 Oceania
00:41:41 1.6 South America
00:44:17 2 Planetarium computer software
00:45:02 3 Planetarium manufacturers
00:50:40 4 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9924122717036314
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
This entry is a list of permanent planetariums, including software and manufacturers. In addition, many mobile planetariums exist, touring venues such as schools.
Day 10: Leonardo Da Vinci museum
via YouTube Capture
List of science museums | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:09 1 Europe
00:00:17 1.1 Austria
00:00:43 1.2 Belgium
00:01:07 1.3 Bulgaria
00:01:19 1.4 Czech Republic
00:01:35 1.5 Denmark
00:01:57 1.6 Estonia
00:02:08 1.7 Finland
00:02:23 1.8 France
00:03:00 1.9 Germany
00:03:44 1.10 Greece
00:03:55 1.11 Hungary
00:04:07 1.12 Monaco
00:04:18 1.13 Ireland (Republic)
00:04:43 1.14 Italy
00:05:20 1.15 Netherlands
00:05:43 1.16 Norway
00:06:03 1.17 Poland
00:06:15 1.18 Portugal
00:06:31 1.19 Romania
00:06:52 1.20 Russia
00:07:19 1.21 Serbia
00:07:30 1.22 Spain
00:08:01 1.23 Sweden
00:08:24 1.24 Switzerland
00:08:44 1.25 Turkey
00:09:20 1.26 United Kingdom
00:12:56 2 Latin America
00:13:05 2.1 Argentina
00:13:29 2.2 Brazil
00:13:51 2.3 Mexico
00:14:37 3 North America
00:14:46 3.1 Canada
00:15:03 3.1.1 Alberta
00:15:17 3.1.2 British Columbia
00:15:42 3.1.3 Manitoba
00:15:53 3.1.4 New Brunswick
00:16:04 3.1.5 Nova Scotia
00:16:15 3.1.6 Ontario
00:16:46 3.1.7 Saskatchewan
00:16:58 3.1.8 Quebec
00:17:13 3.2 United States
00:17:22 4 Asia and Oceania
00:17:32 4.1 Australia
00:18:08 4.2 China
00:18:34 4.3 Hong Kong
00:19:01 4.4 India
00:19:45 4.5 Japan
00:20:30 4.6 Malaysia
00:20:47 4.7 New Zealand
00:21:04 4.8 Philippines
00:21:23 4.9 Singapore
00:21:35 4.10 South Korea
00:21:52 4.11 Taiwan
00:22:28 4.12 Thailand
00:22:40 5 Middle East
00:22:49 5.1 Egypt
00:23:00 5.2 Israel
00:23:18 6 Africa
00:23:26 6.1 South Africa
00:23:38 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8744515203519047
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Below is the list of science museums all over the world. See Science museum for definitions.
Timeline of women in science | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:46 1 Ancient history
00:02:15 2 Middle Ages
00:04:05 3 16th century
00:05:21 4 17th century
00:08:32 5 18th century
00:15:16 6 Early 19th century
00:20:49 7 Late 19th century
00:30:49 8 Early 20th century
00:30:59 8.1 1900s
00:36:28 8.2 1910s
00:41:27 8.3 1920s
00:44:41 8.4 1930s
00:48:44 8.5 1940s
00:52:58 9 Late 20th century
00:53:09 9.1 1950s
00:58:32 9.2 1960s
01:03:35 9.3 1970s
01:07:35 9.4 1980s
01:10:29 9.5 1990s
01:13:56 10 21st century
01:24:14 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7983986663362643
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
This is a timeline of women in science, spanning from ancient history up to the 21st century. While the timeline primarily focuses on women involved with natural sciences such as astronomy, biology, chemistry and physics, it also includes women from the social sciences (e.g. sociology, psychology) and the formal sciences (e.g. mathematics, computer science), as well as notable science educators and medical scientists. The chronological events listed in the timeline relate to both scientific achievements and gender equality within the sciences.
Florence | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:38 1 History
00:03:23 1.1 Roman origins
00:04:43 1.2 Second millennium
00:05:57 1.3 Middle Ages and Renaissance
00:06:06 1.3.1 Rise of the Medici
00:08:09 1.3.2 Savonarola, Machiavelli, and the Medici Popes
00:09:54 1.4 18th and 19th centuries
00:11:32 1.5 20th century
00:13:50 1.6 21st century
00:14:11 2 Geography
00:14:34 2.1 Climate
00:15:21 3 Government
00:17:01 4 Main sights
00:21:07 4.1 Monuments, museums and religious buildings
00:27:34 4.2 Squares, streets and parks
00:29:21 5 Demographics
00:31:19 6 Economy
00:32:12 6.1 Industry, commerce and services
00:33:46 6.2 Tourism
00:36:30 6.3 Food and wine production
00:37:19 7 Culture
00:37:28 7.1 Art
00:42:40 7.2 Language
00:43:31 7.3 Literature
00:45:24 7.4 Music
00:47:43 7.5 Cinema
00:48:12 7.6 Cuisine
00:49:38 7.7 Research activity
00:50:02 7.8 Science and discovery
00:51:03 7.9 Fashion
00:52:19 7.10 Historical evocations
00:52:27 7.10.1 iScoppio del Carro/i
00:53:10 7.10.2 iCalcio Storico/i
00:54:19 7.11 Sport
00:55:43 8 Transportation
00:55:52 8.1 Cars
00:56:30 8.2 Buses
00:57:58 8.3 Trams
00:58:49 8.4 Florence public transport statistics
00:59:28 8.5 Railway station
01:00:36 8.6 Airport
01:00:57 9 International relations
01:01:06 9.1 Twin towns and sister cities
01:01:17 10 Other partnerships
01:01:26 11 Notable residents
01:04:18 12 In popular culture
01:04:34 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9651561680892118
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Florence ( FLORR-ənss; Italian: Firenze [fiˈrɛntse] (listen)) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with 383,084 inhabitants in 2013, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Florence was a centre of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of that era. It is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance, and has been called the Athens of the Middle Ages. A turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful Medici family and numerous religious and republican revolutions. From 1865 to 1871 the city was the capital of the recently established Kingdom of Italy. The Florentine dialect forms the base of Standard Italian and it became the language of culture throughout Italy due to the prestige of the masterpieces by Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli and Francesco Guicciardini.
The city attracts millions of tourists each year, and the Historic Centre of Florence was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982. The city is noted for its culture, Renaissance art and architecture and monuments. The city also contains numerous museums and art galleries, such as the Uffizi Gallery and the Palazzo Pitti, and still exerts an influence in the fields of art, culture and politics. Due to Florence's artistic and architectural heritage, it has been ranked by Forbes as one of the most beautiful cities in the world.Florence is an important city in Italian fashion, being ranked in the top 15 fashion capitals of the world; furthermore, it is a major national economic centre, as well as a tourist and industrial hub. In 2008, the city had the 17th highest average income in Italy.
Launch of Website: A Land Beyond the Stars
A multimedia website on the life of Martin Waldseemüller is unveiled at the fourth of four sessions of a two-day conference celebrating the 500th anniversary of Waldseemüller's Carta Marina and focusing on some of the most mysterious maps of the Medieval and Early Modern periods.
For transcript and more information, visit
History of science | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of science
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The History of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, studies the methods employed by historians of science.
The English word scientist is relatively recent—first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, investigators of nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example by Thales and Aristotle), and scientific method has been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham and Roger Bacon), modern science began to develop in the early modern period, and in particular in the scientific revolution of 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those earlier inquiries.From the 18th century through late 20th century, the history of science, especially of the physical and biological sciences, was often presented as a progressive accumulation of knowledge, in which true theories replaced false beliefs. Some more recent historical interpretations, such as those of Thomas Kuhn, tend to portray the history of science in terms of competing paradigms or conceptual systems in a wider matrix of intellectual, cultural, economic and political trends. These interpretations, however, have met with opposition for they also portray history of science as an incoherent system of incommensurable paradigms, not leading to any scientific progress, but only to the illusion of progress.