History: UKRAINE
Crimea:
Cossacks helped Russia get Crimea from Turkey 39:43
Donbas (East) 56:55
Crimea turned over to Ukraine 2:16:28
Russia 12:46 / 31:16
UKRAINE - THE BIRTH OF A NATION (2008) / A Jerzy Hoffman Film
1:34 Kyiv (401 - 500)
2:16 Byzantium (330–1453)
2:45 Princess Olga (890 - 969) adopted Christianity
3:28 Chersonesus in Crimea
4:06 Volodymyr the Great (958 - 1015)
4:29 Prince Yaroslav the Wise (978 - 1054)
4:39 Saint Sophia's Cathedral (1100)
5:31 Anna the Queen of France (1030 – 1075)
6:41 Volodymyr II Monomakh (1053-1125)
7:20 Yuri Dolgorukiy (1099 - 1157)
7:26 Moscow
7:37 The Mongols
10:16 The Principality of Galicia–Volhynia or Kingdom of Rus
10:49 Lviv
12:37 Ivan III of Russia (1440-1505)
12:46 The myth about Russia
13:07 Crimea
13:53 Roxolana (1502 – 1558)
15:20 serfdom (Polish oppression)
15:40 printing press
17:14 Zaporizhian Sich
18:33 Ukraine replaces the name Rus
18:40 cossack
20:15 Brest Union
20:18 The uniates
21:08 Hetman Sagaidachny (1570 - 1622)
23:05 Orthodoxy
23:28 Yarema Vyshnevetsky (1612 – 1651)
23:31 Catholicism
24:54 Bohdan Khmelnytsky (1595 – 1657)
30:04 The Pereyaslav Council -------------------------------------------------1654
34:39 Ivan Mazepa (1639 - 1709)
37:06 The Battle of Poltava on 27 June 1709
40:11 Zaporizhian Sich (1552-1709)
40:27 Solovki
French Revolution--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1789
47:03 Dumy - historical ballads
48:18 Greek Catholic Church banned
48:49 Kyiv University (1833)
49:48 The Order of Basilian Fathers
50:55 Taras Shevchenko (1814 - 1861) (age 47)
54:57 Blue and yellow banner
55:45 The Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood
56:32 national liberation movement
56:55 Crimean War ----------------------------------------------------- 1853 to 1856
57:07 Alexander II (1818 - 1881) abolished serfdom
57:26 city of Donetsk (1868)
58:56 Green wedge
59:23 Volodymyr Antonovych (1834 - 1908)
59:28 Mykhailo Drahomanov (1841-1895 )
1:00:42 Lesya Ukrainka (1871 - 1913) (aged 42)
1:02:13 The Shevchenko Scientific Society (1873 )
1:11:03 Mykhailo Hrushevsky
1:03:27 Ivan Franko (1856 - 1916)
1:04:22 History of Ukraine-Ruthenia
1:04:49 Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky (1865 - 1944) 1:45:42
1:06:31 World War I------------------------------------------------------------------1914
1:07:32 Dmitro Dontsov (1883 - 1973)
1:07:57 (1914) Russian occupation
1:11:24 Symon Petliura
1:11:24 West Ukrainian People's Republic
1:19:27 Ukrainian Galician Army
1:23:30 Nestor Makhno
1:30:48 The Russian famine ----------------------------------------------------1921
1:41:21 Ukr National Democratic Alliance, (UNDO)
1:42:20 Ukr Sich Riflemen
1:42:43 (UVO) Ukr Military Organization
1:42:51 Yevhen Konovalets
1:43:10 Dmytro Dontsov
1:44:01 The Organization of Ukr Nationalists (OUN)
1:44:52 (1933) Stepan Bandera head of OUN
1:47:07 Avgustyn Voloshyn
1:47:33 Melnyk's and Bandera's
1:39:06 collectivization (1939)
1:38:55 *** ???????????????????????????? ????????????????: !!! ???????????????????? 1:39:33
World War II ----------------------------------------------------------------(1939 - 1945)
1:51:24 The Nachtigall Battalion (Nightingale)
1:51:43 Independent Ukr State
1:44:50 Stepan Bandera (1909 – 1959) -----------------------------------1933
Between Hitler & Stalin: Ukraine in World War II
Wehrmacht Saves Innocent Civilians In Ukraine 1941
1:53:42 Babi Yar
1:55:40 partisan warfare
1:44:01 Organization of Ukr Nationalists (OUN)
1:57:42 Roman Shukhevych
1:58:37 Volyn
1:58:57 UPA - Ukrainian Insurgent Army
2:00:04 ethnic cleansing (1943)
2:02:32 SS Galicia Division
2:02:33 Banderavists (Bandera) split of OUN (former UVO) 1:47:26
2:02:25 Melnykovites (Melnyk)
2:02:57 SS Galicia crushed by the Red Army
2:04:51 Nikita Khrushchev
2:05:21 Joseph Stalin
1:39:56 RUSYN replaced the term Ukrainian
2:06:14 Gulag
2:06:31 Yalta
2:10:30 Operation Vistula (Polish: Akcja Wisła)
2:12:00 The Greek Catholic Church abolishment
2:12:21 Josyf Slipyj (1893 - 1984)
1:49:25 annexation of the Western Ukraine
2:16:33 turning Crimea over to Ukraine
2:18:25 Thaw (early 1950s to the early 1960s)
2:30:09 (April 26 1986) - Chornobyl disaster
2:35:30 Rukh - Movement
2:37:29 (1991) Declaration of Sovereignty of Ukraine
1:13:48 The Ukr People's Republic of 1918 - 1920
2:50:29 The Orange Revolution (2004)
Short History of Ukraine. Oles' Buzina 23.12.2014 | Eng. Subs
Vox Populi Evo - Voice of The People
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In the world of mass media voice of the people goes largely unheard. All struggles, conflicts and worries of the people are carefuly ground up and digested through modern media machines. On this channel we are gathering a collection of videos about ongoing struggles of peoples against the machine of elitism. Once again my dear audience it is up to you to watch or not to watch. The main thing is to think for yourself.
В мире масс медиа голос народа в большей части остаётся неуслышанным. Все беды, конфликты и заботы народов аккуратно перемалываются и перевариваются современными медиа машинами. На этом канале мы собираем коллекцию видео о насущной борьбе народов против машины элитизма. Как всегда, мои дорогие зрители, вам решать, смотреть или нет. Главное - думайте самостоятельно.
Mass grave said to contain remains of Jews killed by Nazis
SHOTLIST
1. Wide shot of lake in Gvozdavka-1
2. Medium shot of cross
3. Two boys walking across grass
4. Gas pipeline
5. Close-up of earth, pan to long shot of field where bones were found
6. Local resident digging
7. Close-up of set of teeth on spade
8. Close-up of spade, pan to man digging
9. Close-up of teeth and bones
10. SOUNDBITE: (Ukrainian) Viktor, full name not given, local resident:
My father told me that when he was a teenager he worked with his friends on wagons and they picked up the bodies of Jewish people. And they picked up five, six at a time and took them here to this ravine.
11. Mid shot of dug up earth
12. Close-up of bones
13. Set up shot of Ivan Artyomenko
14. SOUNDBITE: (Ukrainian) Ivan Artyomenko, local resident:
Their bodies lay down here in the water, dirty. They were without clothes, killed by the Nazis.
15. Close up of bones in Artyomenko's hands
16. Low shot of Artyomenko holding bones
17. Artyomenko lying down bones
18. Exterior of house of village leader
19. Set up shot of Vira Kruganovska
20. SOUNDBITE: (Ukrainian) Vira Kruganovska, village leader:
We found the bones when we were laying a gas pipeline, and informed the authorities immediately. We have stopped the works in this area. Now we are planning to erect a monument there. There was concentration camp were local citizens were killed, most of them were Jewish.
21. Cows walking over field where bones were found
22. Low shot of earth
STORYLINE
Jewish community officials in Ukraine have reported the discovery of a mass grave believed to contain the remains of thousands of Jews killed by the Nazis during World War II.
The grave was found by chance last month when workers were laying gas pipelines in the village of Gvozdavka-1, about 175 kilometres (110 miles) northwest of the Black Sea port city of Odessa, said Vira Kruganovska, a village leader.
We found the bones when we were laying a gas pipeline and informed the authorities immediately, said Kruganovska, speaking on Wednesday.
We have stopped the works in this area. Now we are planning to erect a monument there, she told AP Television.
According to a spokesman for the regional Jewish community, the Nazis established two ghettos near the village during World War II and brought Jews there from Odessa and what is now the nation of Moldova.
He said the Jewish community was aware of the mass murder at the time, but no one knew where the bodies were buried.
The spokesman added that the names of 93 Jews killed at the Gvozsdavka-1 site had been established, but said plans were in place to conduct studies at the newly found site to identify further victims.
According to the Ukrainian Centre for Holocaust Studies there are believed to be some 250 to 350 mass grave sites, dating from the Nazi occupation, during which some one and a half million (m) Ukrainian Jews are believed to have been killed.
The number includes those massacred near their homes and those deported to death camps elsewhere.
Most of the sites were located after the 1991 Soviet collapse, but there are still some left to find.
Ukraine's Jewish population was devastated during the Holocaust.
Babi Yar, a ravine outside the capital, Kiev, where the Nazis killed some 34-thousand Jews over two days in September 1941, is a powerful symbol of the tragedy.
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Heaven's Hundred| La Compagnie des Anges| Compagnia del cielo| Небесная Сотня| by Babylon'13
English, French, Russian, Italian subtitles translated by Euromaidan Press
English: Translated by Svitlana Gusak, edited by Robin Rohrback
French version: Erwan Bouvet
Italian: EuromaidanPR Italian team
Russian: Translated by Svitlana Gusak, edited by Mariana Golubushkina
Spanish:
With credits to Babylon'13 and TSN
Original video available at
===============================================
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Schutzstaffel | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:57 1 Origins
00:03:05 1.1 Forerunner of the SS
00:05:12 1.2 Early commanders
00:07:04 1.3 Himmler appointed
00:10:17 1.4 Ideology
00:15:08 2 Pre-war Germany
00:20:43 2.1 Hitler's personal bodyguards
00:24:49 2.2 Concentration camps founded
00:27:04 3 SS in World War II
00:28:27 3.1 Invasion of Poland
00:32:02 3.2 Battle of France
00:35:20 3.3 Campaign in the Balkans
00:37:19 4 War in the east
00:40:00 4.1 The Holocaust
00:42:43 4.2 Anti-partisan operations
00:45:03 4.3 Death camps
00:48:28 5 Business empire
00:54:11 6 Military reversals
00:55:10 6.1 Normandy landings
00:59:06 6.2 Battle for Germany
01:04:52 7 SS units and branches
01:05:02 7.1 Reich Main Security Office
01:06:55 7.2 iSS-Sonderkommandos/i
01:10:09 7.3 iEinsatzgruppen/i
01:12:38 7.4 SS Court Main Office
01:13:53 7.5 SS Cavalry
01:16:16 7.6 SS Medical Corps
01:18:41 7.7 Other SS units
01:18:49 7.7.1 iAhnenerbe/i
01:19:38 7.7.2 iSS-Frauenkorps/i
01:20:48 7.7.3 iSS-Mannschaften/i
01:21:15 8 Foreign legions and volunteers
01:24:36 9 Ranks and uniforms
01:26:20 10 SS membership estimates 1925–45
01:27:00 11 SS offices
01:28:13 12 Austrian SS
01:30:51 13 Post-war activity and aftermath
01:32:52 13.1 International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg
01:35:14 13.2 Escapes
01:39:15 14 See also
01:39:37 15 Informational notes
01:39:46 16 Citations
01:39:56 17 Bibliography
01:40:05 18 Further reading
01:40:14 19 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Speaking Rate: 0.728179984151669
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylized as with Armanen runes; German pronunciation: [ˈʃʊtsˌʃtafl̩] (listen); literally Protection Squadron) was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II. It began with a small guard unit known as the Saal-Schutz (Hall Security) made up of NSDAP volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. In 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and given its final name. Under his direction (1929–45) it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the most powerful organizations in Nazi Germany. From 1929 until the regime's collapse in 1945, the SS was the foremost agency of security, surveillance, and terror within Germany and German-occupied Europe.
The two main constituent groups were the Allgemeine SS (General SS) and Waffen-SS (Armed SS). The Allgemeine SS was responsible for enforcing the racial policy of Nazi Germany and general policing, whereas the Waffen-SS consisted of combat units within Nazi Germany's military. A third component of the SS, the SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV), ran the concentration camps and extermination camps. Additional subdivisions of the SS included the Gestapo and the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) organizations. They were tasked with the detection of actual or potential enemies of the Nazi state, the neutralization of any opposition, policing the German people for their commitment to Nazi ideology, and providing domestic and foreign intelligence.
The SS was the organization most responsible for the genocidal killing of an estimated 5.5 to 6 million Jews and millions of other victims in the Holocaust. Members of all of its branches committed war crimes and crimes against humanity during World War II (1939–45). The SS was also involved in commercial enterprises and exploited concentration camp inmates as slave labor. After Nazi Germany's defeat, the SS and the NSDAP were judged by the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg to be criminal organizations. Ernst Kaltenbrunner, the highest-ranking surviving SS main department chief, was found guilty of crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials and hanged in 1946.
Донбасс сегодня Фильм
Объединённая версия документального фильма Донбасс сегодня.
Это документальный фильм продюссерского центра Лебединский, авторство идеи которого принадлежит политику и общественному деятелю Николаю Паялину из Санкт-Петербурга. Основа фильма - интервью: расказы непосредственных участников драматических событий : жителей и детей города Донецк, бойцов армии Донецкой народной республики, общественных деятелей и гостей из России.
Цель фильма не оценка или желание обозначить политическую позицию. Произведение подводит итог того, что есть сейчас.
Его герои простые люди, которые населяют город, и, конечно, сам Донецк, жемчужина Донбасса.
Фильм состоит из трех частей в которых отражена краткая история конфликта.
Первая часть называется Война.
В ней говорится о том, что до войны Донбасс был крупным промышленным центром Украины. Исправно наполнял казну своей страны налоговыми отчислениями и ни о какой независимости не задумывался. На его территории функционировал развитый промышленный кластер из угольной и металлургической промышленности. Действовали заводы и фабрики. Край обладал высоким промышленным и человеческим потенциалом. События на майдане и фактическая изоляция края от общественной и политической жизни со стороны Украины привели к тому что эта часть страны приняла решение отделиться.
Первая серия фильма начинается с кадров весеннего Донецка. Жемчужины Донбасса. Города, который горожане с любовью называют городом миллиона роз. Они растут там повсюду.
Но у роз есть шипы. В городе, где на каждом углу работают кафе и рестораны, бьют фонтаны, гуляют молодые пары, пятый год идет война, о которой напоминает только комендантский час. Однако в нескольких километрах от цветущего европейского города, прямо по его населенным окраинам проходит линия фронта, кадры из которой на жестком контрасте врезаются в сердце каждого зрителя. Интервью жителей села Веселое, где не осталось ни одного целого дома, бывших ополченцев и тех кто не брал в руки оружие. Кадры расстрелянных домов в населенном пункт, где осталось только десять процентов от его населения, тех, кому некуда было уйти. Все это контрастирует с весенним Донецком и создает картину нереальности, бессмысленности происходящего.
Параллельно, нарезкой идут интервью жителей города, которые отражают широкий спектр мнений относительно его возможного будущего. От обьединения с Россией или Украиной до самостоятельного существования.
Заканчивается первая часть описанием оперативной обстановке на фронте и интервью прямо в окопах представителей армии ДНР, полевого командира, полковника с позывным ''Шахтер'' и руководителя пресс-службы армии ДНР с позывным ''Гудвин''. Их мнение отражает официальную позицию руководства страны: назад в Украину дороги нам нет. Здесь русская земля, последний край обороны России, и соловьи здесь будут петь только по русски.
Вторая часть произведения, Судьбы, практически целиком построена на интервью жителей Донбасса. Что называется ,,Иди и смотри''. Начинается серия со сьемки музея обороны Донбасса, края давней воинской славы, где руководитель музея демонстрирует экспозицию воинской славы края. И опять сердце режут интервью уже участников политического, мирного сопротивления, пострадавших от украинской администрации. Слова жертв произвола. Пытки. Репрессии. Зрителю сложно сдержать слезы. В части использованы кадры видеозаписей реальных событий. Словами не передать. Нужно видеть глаза этих людей. Испытать сопереживание. Мы показывали этот фильм разным людям. Женщины не могут сдержать слез. Реакция мужчин схожа с паузой, которая появилась в словах персонажа фильма - ветерана Афганской войны, когда тот рассказывал о своем допросе в СБУ . Комок в горле.
В этой части из свидетельских описаний складывается картина подавления украинской властью народных выступлений в Мариуполе, в котором 96 процентов населения проголосовали на референдуме за создание отдельной от Украины Донецкой народной республики. Эти люди не производят впечатление сломленных. От них исходит ощущение силы. Они живут так как хотели бы жить. Эта часть завершается словами надежды на подрастающее поколение.
Третья серия - Мост детства. В ней съемочная группа рассказывает о мероприятиях на день защиты детей в городе о котором ходит столько мифов. Контраст и здесь. Как все в этом фильме. Съемки позитивной, неумирающей надежды на фоне страшного, незабываемого горя. Это уникальные кадры. Детский праздник в воюющем городе, парк с контактным зоопарком, детским хороводом с песнями и веселыми клоунами. И Аллея ангелов. Плита с именами погибших детей на которой закончилось место. Памятник погибшему мальчику, который закрыл собой свою сестру. Интервью детей, чьи семьи попали в жернова войны. Заканчивается фильм на позитивной ноте надежды на будущее вместе с Россией.
Завершают фильм кадры окончания праздника в местных традициях: ночного запуска тысяч воздушных фонариков в небо Донецка.
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War Art on Display: Exhibit features artworks from a war-zone
A collection of paintings from a war-zone is now on display in Kyiv. The works of Belorussian and Ukrainian artists are showcased in the Ukrainian capital's museum of history. All of the paintings were created on the front lines in eastern Ukraine.
Many of the works tell a story of the war that tore through the small town of Pisky in Donetsk region. That story often starts with a local church that has been hit by bullet and mortar fire from every angle. The church is featured in most of these artworks.
A painting of bandura, an ancient Ukrainian instrument is also included in the collection. This particular bandura was found in Pisky. The painters say the instrument is now an essential part of the exhibit.
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Historia Ukrainy (z napisami i tłumaczeniem)
o Krymie:
39:43 Kozacy pomogli Rosji wygrać Krym z Turcji
56:55 Donbass 2:16:28 Krym zostaje przeniesiony na Ukrainę
o Rosji 12:46 / 31:16
???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????: 1:47:38
NARODZINY NARODU (2008) Jerzy Hoffman
1:34 Kijów (401-500)
2:16 Bizancjum (330-1453)
2:45 Księżniczka Olga (890 - 969) akceptuje chrześcijaństwo
3:28 Chersonese
4:06 Wołodymyr Wielki (958 - 1015)
4:29 Jarosław Mądry (978-1054)
4:39 Katedra Św. Zofii (1100)
5:31 Anna - królowa Francji (1030-1075)
18:41 Vladimir Monomakh (1053-1125)
7:20 Yu Dolgoruky (1099-1157)
7:26 Moskwa
7:37 Mongołowie
10:16 Księstwo Gal-Vol lub Królestwo Rosji
10:49 Lwów
Termin MALOROSCIA: początek XIV wieku
12:37 Iwan III Grozny (1440-1505)
12:46 Mit o Rosji
13:07 Krym
13:53 Roksolana (1502 - 1558)
15:20 Polskie pańszczyzna
17:14 Zaporizhzhya Sich
18:33 UKR zmienia nazwę RUS
18:40 Kozak
20:15 Brest Union
20:18 Unici - wschodni katolicy Kościoła
21:08 Hetman Sagaidachny (1570 - 1622)
23:05 Prawosławie
23:28 Jestem Vishnevetsky (1612 - 1651)
23:31 Katolicyzm
24:54 B Chmielnicki (1595 - 1657)
30:04 Perejasław Rada 1654
34:39 I Mazepa (1639 - 1709)
37:06 Bitwa pod Połtawą (1709)
40:11 Sycz w Zaporożu (1552-1709)
40:27 Solovki
- Rewolucja Franza (1789)
48:18 jest zabronione przez Kościół greckokatolicki
48:49 Uniwersytet Kijowski (1833)
50:55 T. Shevchenko (1814 - 1861) (47 lat)
54:57 niebiesko-żółta flaga
55:45 Bractwo Cyryla i Metodego
56:32 ruch wyzwolenia narodowego
56:55 Krymska wojna (1853-1856)
57:07 Aleksander II (1818 - 1881) znosi poddaństwo
57:26 Donieck (1868)
58:56 Zielony klin
59:23 W Antonowiczu (1834 - 1908)
59:28 M Drahomanov (1841-1895)
1:00:42 L Ukrainka (1871 - 1913) (42 lata)
1:02:13 NTSh (1873)
1:11:03 M Grushevsky
1:03:27 I Franco (1856 - 1916)
1:04:22 Historia Ukr-Rus
1:04:49 Metropolitan A Sheptytsky (1865 - 1944) świadomość narodowa na emigracji
1:06:31 Pierwsza wojna światowa z 1914 roku
1:07:32 Dontsov (1883 - 1973)
1:07:57 (1914) Rosyjska okupacja
1:11:24 Z Petliurą
1:11:24 Zah-ukr Nara Response ZUNR
1:19:27 Ukr Galicyjska Armia
1:30:48 Ros. głód (1921)
1:41:21 HOLODOMOR (1932-1933) 11 000 000 ofiar
1:45:55 (1937-1938) zostały wykonane aresztowania - Gułag
1:46:54 niszczenie ukr ident
1:49:11 Ukr Sojusz Narodów Demokratycznych (UNDO)
1:42:20 Strzelec Ukr Sich
1:50:49 (UFO) Ukr Army Org (Praga) Istnieją Konovalety
1:51:19 D Dontsov - ideolog z ukr. nacjonalizm
1:52:00 (młodzież) UWO jest członkiem -: Org Ukr Nat (OUN)
1:52:52 (w Polsce w 1933 r.) Wraz z Banderą zostaje szefem OUN
1:55:03 I Wołoszyn
1:55:27 Upadek Karpaty-Ukrainy dzieli OUN na dwie frakcje: Melnikovtsev i Banderivtsi 1:56:11
Druga wojna światowa (1939-1945)
1:59:17 ślady NKWD - Batalion Nachtigall (słowika-Bandera) 1:51:43 Niezależny Ukr. Państwo
1:44:50 Bandera (1909 - 1959)
1:53:42 Babin Yar
1:55:40 Wojna partyzancka
1:44:01 Organizacja nacjonalistów Ukr (OUN)
1:57:42 Roman Szuachewicz
1:58:37 Wołyń
1:58:57 UPA - Ukraińska Armia Powstańcza
2:00:04 czystki etniczne (1943)
2:02:32 SS Dywizja Galicyjska
1:39:56 RUSIN zmienia termin ukraiński
2:06:14 Gułag 2:06:31 Jałta
2:10:30 Operacja Wisła
2:12:00 Anulowanie Kościoła greckokatolickiego
1:49:25 aneksja Zach Ukr
2:16:33 Powrót Krymu na Ukrainę
2:18:25 Odwilż (1950-1960)
2:30:09 (26 kwietnia 1986) - Katastrofa w Czarnobylu
2:35:30 Ruch
2:37:29 (1991) Niezależność
2:50:29 Pomarańczowa rewolucja (2004)
George H.W. Bush's funeral service in D.C.
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History of the Jews in Russia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of the Jews in Russia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
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This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Jews in Russia have historically constituted a large religious diaspora; the vast territories of the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest population of Jews in the world. Within these territories the primarily Ashkenazi Jewish communities of many different areas flourished and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions, while also facing periods of anti-Semitic discriminatory policies and persecutions. The largest group among Russian Jews are Ashkenazi Jews, but the community also includes a significant number of other Diasporan Jewish groups, such as Mountain Jews, Sephardic Jews, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Bukharan Jews, and Georgian Jews.
The presence of Jewish people in the European part of Russia can be traced to the 7th–14th centuries CE. In the 11th and 12th centuries, the Jewish population in Kiev, in present-day Ukraine, was restricted to a separate quarter. Evidence of the presence of Jewish people in Muscovite Russia is first documented in the chronicles of 1471. During the reign of Catherine II in the 18th century, Jewish people were restricted to the Pale of Settlement within Russia, the territory where they could live or immigrate to. Alexander III escalated anti-Jewish policies. Beginning in the 1880s, waves of anti-Jewish pogroms swept across different regions of the empire for several decades. More than two million Jews fled Russia between 1880 and 1920, mostly to the United States and what is today the State of Israel.The Pale of Settlement took away many of the rights that the Jewish people of the late 17th century Russia were experiencing. At this time, the Jewish people were restricted to an area of what is current day Belarus, Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine. Where Western Europe was experiencing emancipation at this time, the laws for the Jewish people were getting more strict. The general attitude towards Jewish people was to look down on the religion and the people. It was as both a religion and a race, something that one could not escape if they tried. Slowly, the Jewish people were allowed to move further east towards a less crowded population. This was a small change, and did not come to all Jewish people, and not even a small minority of them. In this more spread out area, the Jewish people lived in communities, known as Schtetls. These communities were very similar to what would be known as ghettos in World War II, with the cramped and subpar living conditions.Before 1917 there were 300,000 Zionists in Russia, while the main Jewish socialist organization, the Bund, had 33,000 members. Only 958 Jews had joined the Bolshevik Party before 1917; thousands joined after the Revolution. The chaotic years of World War I, the February and October Revolutions, and the Russian Civil War had created social disruption that led to anti-Semitism. Some 150,000 Jews were killed in the pogroms of 1918–1922, 125,000 of them in Ukraine, 25,000 in Belarus. The pogroms were mostly perpetrated by anti-communist forces; sometimes, Red Army units engaged in pogroms as well. After a short period of confusion, the Soviets started executing guilty individuals and even disbanding the army units whose men had attacked Jews. Although pogroms were still perpetrated after this, mainly by Ukrainian units of the Red Army during its retreat from Poland (1920), in general, the Jews regarded the Red Army as the only force which was able and willing to defend them. The Russian Civil War pogroms shocked world Jewry and rallied many Jews to the Red Army and the Soviet regime, and also strengthened the desire for the creation of a homeland for the Jewish people.In August 1919 the Soviet government arrested many rabbis, seized Jewish properties, including synagogues, and dissolved many Jewish communities. The Jewish section of the Communist Party labeled the use of the Hebrew language reactionary and elitist and the teaching of Hebrew was banned ...
RUSSIA: MOSCOW: PROSTITUTION IS BOOMING
Russian/Nat
In Russia's new free market prostitution is booming.
Moscow's streets are packed with scantily-clad hookers who have flocked to the capital in search of a decent wage.
Prostitution is not a criminal offence but Moscow's hard-pressed police force have been charged with cleaning up the capital's streets.
But with the drastic increase in violent crime many policemen feel their efforts would be better spent elsewhere.
The free market has brought many improvements to Moscow's streets.
Bars, restaurants and night clubs now flourish in a city that was once drab and uninviting.
But together with the nightlife has come something else rarely seen during Soviet times - street prostitution.
Every evening, as Muscovites start to make their way home, hundreds of hookers appear on the streets to begin their working day.
The deal is struck by their pimps, former prostitutes themselves, who then summon the girls so the customers can make their choice.
A steady stream of cars cruises the streets across from Russia's parliament, one of the favourite pick-up spots for Moscow's call girls.
But as darkness falls the Moscow City police force embarks on its nightly attempt to make a dent in a business that now dominates downtown Moscow.
Prostitution in Russia is not a criminal offence but the government considers it an embarrassment and an eyesore.
Police make routine busts but without a law to charge the girls, have to release
them within a few hours.
The majority of the girls are from the provinces and other former republics, where unemployment is high and wages low.
They are charged with not having the proper documents to be in Moscow -- an
old Soviet law designed to limit movement into the capital.
Every evening police station 108 sees a constant stream of prostitutes.
The girls are processed and held for up to six hours before being put back on the streets. A bribe from their pimp can see them released immediately.
The head of Moscow's organised crime department says that since there is no law against prostitution, his men are powerless to get the girls off the streets permanently
SOUNDBITE: (Russian)
Even though it is quite clear that they are prostitutes the girls are detained for passport irregularities, or no Moscow registration document, that is for things which have no
connection at all with prostitution
SUPER CAPTION: Vladimir Zolutnitsky, Chief of Moscow Organized Crime Department
In a good month a girl can earn up to three thousand dollars, a small fortune in Russia's bleak provincial towns and villages.
But with no red light district and no brothels, the job has more than its share of risks.
SOUNDBITE: (Russian)
You get into a car and you don't know what will happen when you get there -- who will be there or what they will do. There may be fifteen men waiting. Some girls have gone
missing for two months and then reappeared.
SUPER CAPTION Dasha, prostitute in Moscow
Women in Russia have been hit harder than most by the transition to a market economy. Particularly those from rural Russia where the economy is at a standstill.
The result has been a massive increase in the numbers of unemployed women who flock to the capital in search of any work they can find. Many of them turn to prostitution as a last resort.
SOUNDBITE: (Russian)
If there was work, If Yeltsin gave us the opportunity to work normally and for proper money then none of these girls would be walking the street.
SUPER CAPTION, Sveta, prostitute in Moscow
And that would suit the police, too.
SOUNDBITE: (Russian)
prostitution.
SUPER CAPTION: Vladimir Zolutnitsky, Chief of Moscow Organized Crime Department
You can license this story through AP Archive:
Find out more about AP Archive:
Forgotten Leaders. Episode 2. Kliment Voroshilov. Documentary. English Subtitles. StarMediaEN
All Episodes of Forgotten Leaders
The project provisionally titled “Forgotten Leaders” is a series of seven films, each featuring an individual from the leaders of the Soviet state in power during the time period from 1920 to 1953. Each episode is a filmed portrait depicting the story of life, political and public activities of its hero. The heroes of “The Forgotten Leaders” are
individuals ambiguous from the perspective of the Russian and world’s history and odious and often sharply negative in the eyes of public consciousness. Unfortunately, when labeling, we often forget that “each individual
is a tangle of contradictions” and that “history is written by the victors”. Seven men. Seven lives. One era. What was behind their decisions and at what was the price they paid for their deeds?
Type: historical reenactment
Genre: docudrama
Year of production: 2016
Number of episodes: 8
Directed by: Pavel Sergatskov
Written by: Aleksandr Kolpakydy, Egor Vasilyev, Aleksandr Lukyanov, Vasiliy Shevtsov, Inna Nechaykyna
Production designer: Aleksandr Khilyarevskiy
Director of photography: Aleksandr Kiper
Music by: Boris Kukoba
Producers: Valeriy Babich , Vlad Ryashin
Cast: Farid Takhiev, Roman Vusotskiy, Sergey Tishin, Aleksandr Suvorov, Anton Morozov, Aleksey Ustinov, Adam Bulkhuchev
FForgotten Leaders. Episode 2. Kliment Voroshilov. Documentary. English Subtitles. StarMediaEN
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Донбаска пролет - филмът
Документален филм, България, 2017, 88 минути
Автор-Екатерина Митринова; оператор-Цветомир Гетов; сценарий-Александър Николов; монтаж-Стефан Петров; превод-Георги Станчев, субтитри-Даниела Пенкова
Документалният филм показва живота на хората в Донбас в условията на война. Заснетите репортажни кадри от 2016 година представят войната през погледа на местните жители – техните преживявания, гняв, болка и надежда за бъдещето. Създателите на филма търсят отговори на въпроса защо и как се стигна до този кървав конфликт. Някъде сред ужаса на насилието и разрушенията се появява силата на пролетта - символ на новия живот и вярата в човешкия стремеж към съзидание и доброта.
Daily Press Briefing - April 5, 2016
Deputy Secretary Mark Toner leads the Daily Press Briefing at the Department of State on April 5, 2016. A transcript is available at
The Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:07 1 Terminology and scope
00:03:18 1.1 Terminology
00:05:30 1.2 Definition
00:07:30 2 Distinctive features
00:07:40 2.1 Genocidal state
00:11:46 2.2 Medical experiments
00:14:20 3 Origins
00:14:30 3.1 Antisemitism and the völkisch movement
00:16:08 3.2 Germany after World War I, Hitler's world view
00:19:21 4 Rise of Nazi Germany
00:19:32 4.1 Dictatorship and repression (1933–1939)
00:23:47 4.2 Sterilization Law, iAktion T4/i
00:27:55 4.3 Nuremberg Laws, Jewish emigration
00:31:12 4.4 iKristallnacht/i
00:34:09 4.5 Territorial solution and resettlement
00:35:57 5 World War II
00:36:07 5.1 German-occupied Poland
00:38:14 5.2 Other occupied countries
00:42:16 5.3 Germany's allies
00:47:22 5.4 Concentration and labor camps
00:51:03 5.5 Ghettos
00:56:53 5.6 Pogroms
00:57:50 5.7 Death squads
01:01:40 5.8 Gas vans
01:03:02 6 Final Solution
01:03:12 6.1 Wannsee Conference
01:08:43 6.2 Extermination camps, gas chambers
01:14:07 6.3 Jewish resistance
01:17:46 6.4 Flow of information about the mass murder
01:23:34 6.5 Climax, Holocaust in Hungary
01:26:28 6.6 Death marches
01:28:14 6.7 Liberation
01:31:02 7 Victims and death toll
01:31:12 7.1 Overview
01:32:31 7.2 Jews
01:36:03 7.3 Roma
01:39:58 7.4 Slavs
01:41:13 7.4.1 Ethnic Poles
01:43:56 7.4.2 Soviet citizens and POWs
01:46:00 7.5 Political opponents
01:46:54 7.6 Gay men
01:48:58 7.7 Jehovah's Witnesses
01:50:05 7.8 Persons of color
01:50:48 8 Motivation
01:50:57 8.1 Motivation of perpetrators
01:53:35 8.2 German public
01:55:44 9 Aftermath
01:55:54 9.1 Trials
01:59:05 9.2 Reparations
02:01:21 9.3 Uniqueness question
02:03:57 10 See also
02:04:07 11 Sources
02:04:16 11.1 Notes
02:04:25 11.2 Citations
02:04:34 11.3 Works cited
02:04:43 12 Further reading
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7165362998594326
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and incurably sick, as well as ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet citizens, Soviet prisoners of war, political opponents, gay men and Jehovah's Witnesses, resulting in up to 17 million deaths overall.Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, the government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the Nuremberg Laws in 1935. Starting in 1933, the Nazis built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and people deemed undesirable. After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Over 42,000 camps, ghettos, and other detention sites were established.The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions from the highest leadership of the Nazi Party, killings were committed within Germany itself, throughout German-occupied Europe, and across all territories controlled by the Axis powers. Paramilitary death squads called Einsatzgruppen in cooperation with Wehrmacht police battalions and local collaborators murdered around 1.3 million Jews in mass shootings between 1941 and 1945. By mid-1942, victims were being deported from the ghettos in sealed freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journ ...
Ukraine | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:26 1 Etymology
00:05:25 2 History
00:05:34 2.1 Early history
00:07:13 2.2 Antes people
00:08:06 2.3 Golden Age of Kiev
00:10:46 2.4 Foreign domination
00:14:58 2.5 Cossack Hetmanate
00:20:32 2.6 19th century, World War I and revolution
00:25:29 2.7 Western Ukraine, Carpathian Ruthenia and Bukovina
00:27:01 2.8 Inter-war Soviet Ukraine
00:30:21 2.9 World War II
00:35:13 2.10 Post-World War II
00:39:10 2.11 Independence
00:42:36 2.12 Orange Revolution
00:45:20 2.13 Euromaidan and 2014 revolution
00:48:02 2.14 Civil unrest and Russian intervention
00:52:35 3 Historical maps of states
00:53:12 4 Geography
00:55:59 4.1 Soil
00:57:49 4.2 Biodiversity
00:58:05 4.2.1 Animals
00:59:07 4.2.2 Fungi
00:59:57 4.3 Climate
01:01:04 5 Politics
01:01:24 5.1 Constitution of Ukraine
01:03:59 5.2 President, parliament and government
01:06:11 5.3 Courts and law enforcement
01:09:51 5.4 Foreign relations
01:13:11 5.5 Administrative divisions
01:15:05 5.6 Armed forces
01:18:13 6 Economy
01:26:30 6.1 Corporations
01:28:12 6.2 Transport
01:31:41 6.3 Energy
01:32:08 6.3.1 Fuel resources
01:33:59 6.3.2 Power generation
01:35:26 6.3.3 Renewable energy use
01:37:10 6.4 Internet
01:37:53 6.5 IT
01:39:22 6.6 Tourism
01:40:33 7 Demographics
01:41:46 7.1 Population decline
01:43:30 7.2 Fertility and natalist policies
01:46:09 7.3 Urbanisation
01:46:41 7.4 Language
01:50:48 7.5 Religion
01:54:36 7.6 Famines and migration
01:56:29 7.7 Health
02:01:26 7.8 Education
02:07:21 7.9 Regional differences
02:09:47 8 Culture
02:11:33 8.1 Weaving and embroidery
02:12:52 8.2 Literature
02:16:25 8.3 Architecture
02:22:22 8.4 Music
02:25:27 8.5 Cinema
02:27:46 8.6 Media
02:29:53 8.7 Sport
02:32:25 8.8 Cuisine
02:33:39 9 See also
02:33:51 10 Notes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8183676641468551
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Ukraine (Ukrainian: Україна, translit. Ukrayina; Ukrainian pronunciation: [ukrɑˈjinɑ]), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a country in Eastern Europe. Excluding Crimea, Ukraine has a population of about 42.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world. Its capital and largest city is Kiev. Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic. The dominant religions in the country are Eastern Orthodoxy and Greek Catholicism. Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula, which Russia annexed in 2014. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 (233,062 sq mi), making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world.
The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture, with the powerful state of Kievan Rus' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity. Following its fragmentation in the 13th century, the territory was contested, ruled and divided by a variety of powers, including Lithuania, Poland, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Russia. A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries, but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire, and finally merged fully into the Russian-dominated Soviet Union in the late 1940s as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1991 Ukraine gained its independence from the Soviet Union in the aftermath of its dissolution at the end of the Cold War. Before its independence, Ukraine was typically referred to in English as The Ukraine, but most sources have since moved to drop the from the name of Ukraine in all uses.Following its independence, Ukraine declared itself a neutral state; it formed a limited military partnership with Russia and other CIS countries while also establishing a partnership with NATO in 1994. In 2013, after the government of President Viktor Yanukovych ...
ЯССКО-КИШИНЕВСКАЯ ОПЕРАЦИЯ | ИСТОРИЯ МОЛДОВЫ
Documentary JASSY-KISHINEV OPERATION. HISTORY OF MOLDOVA with English subtitles.