Holy Crown of Hungary
The Holy Crown of Hungary was the coronation crown used by the Kingdom of Hungary for most of its existence; kings have been crowned with it since the twelfth century. The Crown was bound to the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen,. No king of Hungary was regarded as having been truly legitimate without being crowned with it. In the history of Hungary, more than fifty kings were crowned with it, up to the last, Charles IV, in 1916.
The enamels on the crown are at least mainly Byzantine work, presumed to have been made in Constantinople in the 1070s, and presented by the Byzantine Emperor Michael VII Doukas to King Géza I of Hungary; both are depicted and named in Greek on enamel plaques in the lower crown. It is one of at most two Byzantine crowns to survive, the other being the slightly earlier Monomachus Crown, which is also in Budapest, in the Hungarian National Museum. However, the Monomachus Crown may have had another function, and the Holy Crown has probably been remodelled, and uses elements of different origins. The date assigned to the present configuration of the Holy Crown varies, but is most commonly put around the late 12th century. The Hungarian coronation insignia consists of the Holy Crown, the sceptre, the orb, and the mantle. The orb has the coat-of-arms of Charles I of Hungary. In popular tradition the Holy Crown was thought to be older, dating to the time of the first King Stephen I of Hungary, crowned in 1000/1001, which the mantle probably does.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
Gunthertuch - Video Learning - WizScience.com
The so-called is a Byzantine silk tapestry which represents the triumphal return of a Byzantine Emperor from a victorious campaign. The piece was purchased, or possibly received as a gift, by Gunther von Bamberg, Bishop of Bamberg, during his 1064–65 pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Gunther died on his return journey, and was buried with it in the Bamberg Cathedral. The fabric was rediscovered in 1830, and is now exhibited in the Bamberg Diocesan Museum.
In November 1064, Gunther took part in the so-called Great German Pilgrimage to Jerusalem, under the leadership of the Archbishop of Mainz Siegfried I, the Bishop of Utrecht William I, and the Bishop of Regensburg, Otto von Riedenburg. The pilgrims, numbering some 7,000 people, journeyed through Hungary and then through the Byzantine Empire to the Holy Land.
At Constantinople, the Byzantine capital, Gunther's imposing stature and his elegant clothes led to the belief that he was the emperor Henry IV, travelling incognito. It is unknown how Gunther came by the silk. The Byzantinist Günter Prinzing theorized that the cloth was actually used as a wall tapestry in the Hagia Sophia. Gunther von Bamberg died on 23 July 1065 during his return journey at Székesfehérvár due to a severe illness. The other pilgrims brought his body home to Bamberg, wrapped in the cloth. There he was buried until rediscovered on 22 December 1830, when Gunther's grave was opened as part of extensive restoration works on the cathedral. Today, the is exhibited alongside 11th-century imperial robes, the regalia and vestments of Pope Clement II and other items in the Diocesan Museum of Bamberg .
Wiz Science™ is the learning channel for children and all ages.
SUBSCRIBE TODAY
Disclaimer: This video is for your information only. The author or publisher does not guarantee the accuracy of the content presented in this video. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.
Background Music:
The Place Inside by Silent Partner (royalty-free) from YouTube Audio Library.
This video uses material/images from which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.
Mosaic | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Mosaic
00:01:46 1 History
00:02:24 1.1 Greek and Roman
00:07:07 1.2 Christian mosaics
00:07:16 1.2.1 Early Christian art
00:11:18 1.2.2 Ravenna
00:13:45 1.2.3 Butrint
00:15:26 1.2.4 Late Antique and Early Medieval Rome
00:18:31 1.2.5 Byzantine mosaics
00:31:16 1.2.6 Rome in the High Middle Ages
00:33:37 1.2.7 Sicily
00:38:02 1.2.8 Venice
00:39:45 1.2.9 Medieval Italy
00:42:24 1.2.10 Western and Central Europe
00:46:07 1.2.11 Renaissance and Baroque
00:48:00 1.2.12 The Christian East
00:55:33 1.2.13 Orthodox countries
00:58:28 1.3 Jewish mosaics
01:04:02 1.4 Middle Eastern and Western Asian art
01:04:12 1.4.1 Pre-Islamic Arabia
01:04:47 1.4.2 Pre-Islamic Persia
01:05:22 1.4.3 Islamic art
01:05:30 1.4.3.1 Arab
01:10:50 2 Modern mosaics
01:12:00 2.1 Mosaics as a popular craft
01:12:39 2.2 Mosaics in street art
01:13:30 2.3 Calçada Portuguesa
01:14:39 3 Terminology
01:16:29 4 Three techniques
01:16:45 4.1 Direct method
01:18:17 4.2 Indirect method
01:19:13 4.3 Double indirect method
01:20:29 5 Mathematics
01:20:51 6 Digital imaging
01:22:23 7 Robotic manufacturing
01:23:07 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A mosaic is a piece of art or image made from the assembling of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. It is often used in decorative art or as interior decoration. Most mosaics are made of small, flat, roughly square, pieces of stone or glass of different colors, known as tesserae. Some, especially floor mosaics, are made of small rounded pieces of stone, and called pebble mosaics.
Mosaics have a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. Mosaic art flourished in the Byzantine Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries; that tradition was adopted by the Norman Kingdom of Sicily in the 12th century, by the eastern-influenced Republic of Venice, and among the Rus in Ukraine. Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practise the old technique. Roman and Byzantine influence led Jewish artists to decorate 5th and 6th century synagogues in the Middle East with floor mosaics.
Mosaic was widely used on religious buildings and palaces in early Islamic art, including Islam's first great religious building, the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, and the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. Mosaic went out of fashion in the Islamic world after the 8th century.
Modern mosaics are made by professional artists, street artists, and as a popular craft. Many materials other than traditional stone and ceramic tesserae may be employed, including shells, glass and beads.
Mosaic | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:35 1 History
00:03:25 1.1 Greek and Roman
00:10:10 1.2 Christian mosaics
00:10:20 1.2.1 Early Christian art
00:16:04 1.2.2 Ravenna
00:19:32 1.2.3 Butrint
00:21:53 1.2.4 Late Antique and Early Medieval Rome
00:26:17 1.2.5 Byzantine mosaics
00:44:40 1.2.6 Rome in the High Middle Ages
00:48:00 1.2.7 Sicily
00:54:16 1.2.8 Venice
00:56:43 1.2.9 Medieval Italy
01:00:28 1.2.10 Western and Central Europe
01:05:45 1.2.11 Renaissance and Baroque
01:08:23 1.2.12 The Christian East
01:19:15 1.2.13 Orthodox countries
01:23:25 1.3 Jewish mosaics
01:31:25 1.4 Middle Eastern and Western Asian art
01:31:36 1.4.1 Pre-Islamic Arabia
01:32:23 1.4.2 Pre-Islamic Persia
01:33:10 1.4.3 Islamic art
01:33:18 1.4.3.1 Arab
01:40:54 2 Modern mosaics
01:42:29 2.1 Mosaics as a popular craft
01:43:21 2.2 Mosaics in street art
01:44:31 2.3 Calçada Portuguesa
01:46:07 3 Terminology
01:48:40 4 Three techniques
01:48:59 4.1 Direct method
01:51:09 4.2 Indirect method
01:52:27 4.3 Double indirect method
01:54:13 5 Mathematics
01:54:41 6 Digital imaging
01:56:48 7 Robotic manufacturing
01:57:49 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7091262303267695
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A mosaic is a piece of art or image made from the assembling of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. It is often used in decorative art or as interior decoration. Most mosaics are made of small, flat, roughly square, pieces of stone or glass of different colors, known as tesserae. Some, especially floor mosaics, are made of small rounded pieces of stone, and called pebble mosaics.
Mosaics have a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. Mosaic art flourished in the Byzantine Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries; that tradition was adopted by the Norman Kingdom of Sicily in the 12th century, by the eastern-influenced Republic of Venice, and among the Rus in Ukraine. Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practise the old technique. Roman and Byzantine influence led Jewish artists to decorate 5th and 6th century synagogues in the Middle East with floor mosaics.
Mosaic was widely used on religious buildings and palaces in early Islamic art, including Islam's first great religious building, the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, and the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. Mosaic went out of fashion in the Islamic world after the 8th century.
Modern mosaics are made by professional artists, street artists, and as a popular craft. Many materials other than traditional stone and ceramic tesserae may be employed, including shells, glass and beads.
Mosaic | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Mosaic
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A mosaic is a piece of art or image made from the assembling of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. It is often used in decorative art or as interior decoration. Most mosaics are made of small, flat, roughly square, pieces of stone or glass of different colors, known as tesserae. Some, especially floor mosaics, are made of small rounded pieces of stone, and called pebble mosaics.
Mosaics have a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. Mosaic art flourished in the Byzantine Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries; that tradition was adopted by the Norman Kingdom of Sicily in the 12th century, by the eastern-influenced Republic of Venice, and among the Rus in Ukraine. Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practise the old technique. Roman and Byzantine influence led Jewish artists to decorate 5th and 6th century synagogues in the Middle East with floor mosaics.
Mosaic was widely used on religious buildings and palaces in early Islamic art, including Islam's first great religious building, the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, and the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. Mosaic went out of fashion in the Islamic world after the 8th century.
Modern mosaics are made by professional artists, street artists, and as a popular craft. Many materials other than traditional stone and ceramic tesserae may be employed, including shells, glass and beads.