Best Attractions and Places to See in Bialystok, Poland
Bialystok Travel Guide. MUST WATCH. Top things you have to do in Bialystok. We have sorted Tourist Attractions in Bialystok for You. Discover Bialystok as per the Traveler Resources given by our Travel Specialists. You will not miss any fun thing to do in Bialystok.
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List of Best Things to do in Bialystok, Poland.
Branicki Palace
Kosciuszko Market Square
Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Akcent ZOO
St Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church
Holy Spirit East Orthodox Church
Parafia Rzymskokatolicka Sw. Rocha
Museum of the History of Medicine and Pharmacy
Opera i Filharmonia Podlaska
Hagia Sophia Orthodox Church
Белосток, Польша: достопримечательности и история (Russian, English subtitles)
В этом видео мы приглашаем в город Белосток (Польша). Достопримечательности этого города связаны с его непростой историей. Он входил в состав разных государств. Украшением является дворец Браницких в Белостоке, который также получил название польский Версаль.
Мы также рассказываем об одной из страниц жизни еврейского населения этого города, #еврейские_погромы 1906 года были инспирированы полицией и царской армией.
В этом видео мы рассказываем об истории ныне польского города Белостока, который входил в состав разных государств. Его украшением является дворец Браницких, который также называют польским или подляшским Версалем.
Мы также рассказываем об одной из страниц жизни еврейского населения этого города, касающейся погрома 1906 года, инспирированного полицией и царской армией.
Также предлагаем посмотреть на нашем канале следующие видео о Польше:
Люблин
Плоцк
Влоцлавек
Торунь
Белосток
Другие фильмы из нашего Балтийского путешествия, которые предлагаем посмотреть
Германия
Грайфсвальд
Любек
Киль
Швеция
Мальмо
Гетеборг
Норвегия
Фредрикстад
Осло-фьорд
Эстония
Тарту
Латвия
Лиепая
Литва
Вильнюс
Фотографии и видео наши. Также использованы иллюстрации из следующих источников:
By Henryk Poddębski - Biblioteka Cyfrowa Politechniki Warszawskiej, Public Domain,
By Unknown - old postcard, Public Domain,
By Augustyn Mirys, ca 1752 - Praca własnaimage taken by Mathiasrex, Maciej Szczepańczyk, CC BY-SA 3.0,
By Tadeusz Gajl – projejt graficznyBastianow (Bastian) – wersja wektorowa - This W3C-unspecified vector image was created with Inkscape by Bastianowa (Bastiana) based on English Wikipedia., CC BY-SA 3.0,
By HENRYK NOWODWORSKI (1875- 1930) - Encyclopedia Dzieje narodu i państwa polskiego t. III (Feliks Tych Rok 1905), Wyd. KAW, Warsaw, Domena publiczna,
Музыка
Malmo Sunrise by The 126ers
Dance of Deception by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (
Source:
Artist:
Overcome by Ugonna Onyekwe
Exhale by Jeremy Blake
Автозакордон зимой и летом
в социальных сетях
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email: travelling.by.cars@gmail.com
Royal Philips Electronics | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:12 1 History
00:04:20 1.1 Philips Radio
00:06:01 1.2 Stirling engine
00:08:59 1.3 Shavers
00:09:26 1.4 World War II
00:11:20 1.5 1945–1999
00:17:16 1.6 2000s
00:21:32 1.7 2010s
00:26:39 2 Corporate affairs
00:26:49 2.1 CEOs
00:28:29 2.2 CFOs
00:28:54 2.3 Vice Presidents
00:29:21 2.4 Acquisitions
00:30:54 3 Operations
00:33:04 3.1 Asia
00:33:13 3.1.1 Thailand
00:33:53 3.1.2 Hong Kong
00:34:48 3.1.3 Mainland China
00:35:22 3.1.4 India
00:37:12 3.1.5 Israel
00:38:22 3.1.6 Pakistan
00:38:52 3.2 Europe
00:39:01 3.2.1 France
00:39:43 3.2.2 Germany
00:41:01 3.2.3 Greece
00:41:23 3.2.4 Italy
00:41:44 3.2.5 Poland
00:42:11 3.2.6 Portugal
00:43:08 3.2.7 Sweden
00:43:34 3.2.8 United Kingdom
00:47:03 3.3 North America
00:47:12 3.3.1 Canada
00:48:30 3.3.2 Mexico
00:49:17 3.3.3 United States
00:52:01 3.4 Oceania
00:52:10 3.4.1 Australia and New Zealand
00:53:29 3.5 South America
00:53:39 3.5.1 Brazil
00:54:52 3.6 Former operations
00:58:11 4 Products
00:59:03 4.1 Lighting products
00:59:56 4.2 Audio products
01:00:23 4.3 Healthcare products
01:00:37 4.3.1 Clinical informatics
01:01:03 4.3.2 Imaging systems
01:01:51 4.3.3 Diagnostic monitoring
01:02:04 4.3.4 Defibrillators
01:02:19 4.3.5 Consumer
01:02:40 4.3.6 Patient care and clinical informatics
01:04:03 5 Coat of arms/logotype
01:04:14 6 Sponsorships
01:06:12 7 Environmental record
01:06:22 7.1 Green initiatives
01:06:58 7.2 L-Prize competition
01:07:40 7.3 Greenpeace ranking
01:09:05 8 Publications
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Speaking Rate: 0.8006216702139356
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Koninklijke Philips N.V. (literally Royal Philips, stylized as PHILIPS) is a Dutch multinational technology company headquartered in Amsterdam, one of the largest electronics companies in the world, currently focused in the area of healthcare and lighting. It was founded in Eindhoven in 1891 by Gerard Philips and his father Frederik, with their first products being light bulbs. It was once one of the largest electronic conglomerates in the world and currently employs around 74,000 people across 100 countries. The company gained its royal honorary title in 1998 and dropped the Electronics in its name in 2013.Philips is organized into two main divisions: Philips Consumer health and well-being (formerly Philips Consumer Electronics and Philips Domestic Appliances and Personal Care) and Philips Professional Healthcare (formerly Philips Medical Systems). The lighting division was spun off as a separate company, Signify N.V. (formerly Philips Lighting prior to 2018). The company started making electric shavers in 1939 under the Philishave brand, and post-war they developed the Compact Cassette format and co-developed the Compact Disc format with Sony, as well as numerous other technologies. As of 2012, Philips was the largest manufacturer of lighting in the world as measured by applicable revenues.
Philips has a primary listing on the Euronext Amsterdam stock exchange and is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. It has a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange. Acquisitions include that of Signetics and Magnavox. They also have had a sports club since 1913 called PSV Eindhoven.
THE HOLOCAUST - WikiVidi Documentary
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish community in Europe. From 1941 to 1945, Germany targeted European Jewry for extermination as part of a larger event that included the persecution and murder of other groups. A broader definition of the Holocaust includes the murder of the Roma and the incurably sick. A broader definition still includes ethnic Poles, other Slavic groups, Soviet citizens and prisoners of war, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, black people, and political opponents. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions from the highest leadership of the Nazi Party, killings were committed throughout German-occupied Europe, as well as within Germany itself, and across all territories controlled by the Axis powers. Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Hitler...
____________________________________
Shortcuts to chapters:
00:02:47: Terminology
00:05:24: Genocidal state
00:07:40: Ideology and scale
00:10:10: Medical experiments
00:12:17: Antisemitism and racism
00:13:40: Germany after World War I
00:15:39: Hitler's world view
00:16:22: Dictatorship and repression (1933–1939)
00:19:53: Sterlization Law, Aktion T4
00:23:22: Nuremberg Laws, Jewish emigration
00:25:49: Kristallnacht
00:28:18: Territorial solution and resettlement
00:29:49: German-occupied Poland
00:31:34: Lublin Reservation
00:32:53: Other occupied countries
00:36:23: Germany's allies
00:40:47: Concentration and labor camps
00:43:50: Ghettos
00:48:53: Pogroms
00:49:45: Death squads
00:53:01: Gas vans
00:54:12: Wannsee Conference
00:58:03: Extermination camps, gas chambers
01:02:55: Jewish resistance
01:06:07: Flow of information about the mass murder
01:10:42: Climax, holocaust in Hungary
01:13:12: Death marches
01:14:51: Liberation
01:16:27: Victims and death toll
01:17:07: Jews
01:20:15: Roma
01:23:37: Slavs
01:24:36: Ethnic Poles
01:26:40: Soviet citizens and POWs
01:28:25: Political opponents
01:29:06: Gay men
01:30:43: Persons of color
01:31:13: Jehovah's Witnesses
01:32:10: Motivation of perpetrators
01:34:26: German public
01:36:10: Trials
01:37:47: Reparations
____________________________________
Copyright WikiVidi.
Licensed under Creative Commons.
Wikipedia link:
The Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:07 1 Terminology and scope
00:03:18 1.1 Terminology
00:05:30 1.2 Definition
00:07:30 2 Distinctive features
00:07:40 2.1 Genocidal state
00:11:46 2.2 Medical experiments
00:14:20 3 Origins
00:14:30 3.1 Antisemitism and the völkisch movement
00:16:08 3.2 Germany after World War I, Hitler's world view
00:19:21 4 Rise of Nazi Germany
00:19:32 4.1 Dictatorship and repression (1933–1939)
00:23:47 4.2 Sterilization Law, iAktion T4/i
00:27:55 4.3 Nuremberg Laws, Jewish emigration
00:31:12 4.4 iKristallnacht/i
00:34:09 4.5 Territorial solution and resettlement
00:35:57 5 World War II
00:36:07 5.1 German-occupied Poland
00:38:14 5.2 Other occupied countries
00:42:16 5.3 Germany's allies
00:47:22 5.4 Concentration and labor camps
00:51:03 5.5 Ghettos
00:56:53 5.6 Pogroms
00:57:50 5.7 Death squads
01:01:40 5.8 Gas vans
01:03:02 6 Final Solution
01:03:12 6.1 Wannsee Conference
01:08:43 6.2 Extermination camps, gas chambers
01:14:07 6.3 Jewish resistance
01:17:46 6.4 Flow of information about the mass murder
01:23:34 6.5 Climax, Holocaust in Hungary
01:26:28 6.6 Death marches
01:28:14 6.7 Liberation
01:31:02 7 Victims and death toll
01:31:12 7.1 Overview
01:32:31 7.2 Jews
01:36:03 7.3 Roma
01:39:58 7.4 Slavs
01:41:13 7.4.1 Ethnic Poles
01:43:56 7.4.2 Soviet citizens and POWs
01:46:00 7.5 Political opponents
01:46:54 7.6 Gay men
01:48:58 7.7 Jehovah's Witnesses
01:50:05 7.8 Persons of color
01:50:48 8 Motivation
01:50:57 8.1 Motivation of perpetrators
01:53:35 8.2 German public
01:55:44 9 Aftermath
01:55:54 9.1 Trials
01:59:05 9.2 Reparations
02:01:21 9.3 Uniqueness question
02:03:57 10 See also
02:04:07 11 Sources
02:04:16 11.1 Notes
02:04:25 11.2 Citations
02:04:34 11.3 Works cited
02:04:43 12 Further reading
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7165362998594326
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and incurably sick, as well as ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet citizens, Soviet prisoners of war, political opponents, gay men and Jehovah's Witnesses, resulting in up to 17 million deaths overall.Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, the government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the Nuremberg Laws in 1935. Starting in 1933, the Nazis built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and people deemed undesirable. After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Over 42,000 camps, ghettos, and other detention sites were established.The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions from the highest leadership of the Nazi Party, killings were committed within Germany itself, throughout German-occupied Europe, and across all territories controlled by the Axis powers. Paramilitary death squads called Einsatzgruppen in cooperation with Wehrmacht police battalions and local collaborators murdered around 1.3 million Jews in mass shootings between 1941 and 1945. By mid-1942, victims were being deported from the ghettos in sealed freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journ ...
Wrocław | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:18 1 Etymology
00:05:34 2 History
00:07:07 2.1 Middle Ages
00:13:17 2.2 Renaissance, Reformation and Counter-Reformation
00:16:25 2.3 Napoleonic Wars
00:17:45 2.4 Prussia and Germany
00:26:32 2.5 Second World War and afterwards
00:29:46 2.6 After the war
00:34:52 3 Environment
00:35:14 3.1 Air pollution
00:37:29 3.2 Climate
00:39:34 3.3 Fauna
00:41:41 3.4 Water
00:42:31 4 Government and politics
00:43:12 4.1 Districts
00:45:31 4.2 Municipal government
00:47:21 5 Tourism
00:47:53 5.1 Landmarks and points of interest
00:53:22 5.2 Swimming
00:54:25 5.3 Shopping malls
00:55:36 5.4 Entertainment
00:57:11 5.5 Museums
00:58:54 6 Wrocław in literature
01:00:14 7 Education
01:03:46 8 Transport
01:08:05 9 Demographics
01:08:15 9.1 Population
01:08:25 9.2 Religion
01:12:17 10 Professional sports
01:14:09 10.1 Men's sports
01:16:02 10.2 Women's sports
01:16:31 11 Economy
01:21:14 12 Major corporations
01:21:25 13 International relations
01:21:36 13.1 Twin towns and sister cities
01:21:51 13.2 Partnerships
01:22:05 14 Gallery
01:22:14 15 Notable people
01:22:24 16 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7052910390209712
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Wrocław (UK: , US: , Polish: [ˈvrɔtswaf] (listen); German: Breslau [ˈbʁɛslaʊ]; Czech: Vratislav; Latin: Vratislavia) is a city in western Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, roughly 350 kilometres (220 mi) from the Baltic Sea to the north and 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the Sudeten Mountains to the south. The population of Wrocław in 2018 was 640,648, making it the fourth-largest city in Poland and the main city of the Wrocław agglomeration.Wrocław is the historical capital of Silesia and Lower Silesia. Today, it is the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. The history of the city dates back over a thousand years, and its extensive heritage combines almost all religions and cultures of Europe. At various times, it has been part of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Bohemia, Kingdom of Hungary, Habsburg Monarchy, Prussia and Germany. Wrocław became part of Poland again in 1945, as a result of the border changes after the Second World War, which included a nearly complete exchange of population.
Wrocław is a university city with a student population of over 130,000, making it one of the most youthful cities in the country. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the University of Wrocław, previously Breslau University, produced 9 Nobel Prize laureates and is renowned for its high quality of teaching.Wrocław is classified as a Gamma-global city by GaWC. It was placed among the top 100 cities in the world for the quality of life by the consulting company Mercer and in the top 100 of the smartest cities in the world in the IESE Cities in Motion Index 2019 report.The city hosted the Eucharistic Congress in 1997 and the Euro 2012 football championships. In 2016, the city was a European Capital of Culture and the World Book Capital. Also in this year, Wrocław hosted the Theatre Olympics, World Bridge Games and the European Film Awards. In 2017, the city was the host of the IFLA Annual Conference and the World Games.
The Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:26 1 Terminology and scope
00:03:36 1.1 Terminology
00:05:46 1.2 Definition
00:10:18 2 Distinctive features
00:10:28 2.1 Genocidal state
00:14:18 2.2 Medical experiments
00:16:31 3 Origins
00:16:40 3.1 Antisemitism and the völkisch movement
00:18:06 3.2 Germany after World War I, Hitler's world view
00:20:53 4 Rise of Nazi Germany
00:21:03 4.1 Dictatorship and repression (1933–1939)
00:24:46 4.2 Sterilization Law, iAktion T4/i
00:28:20 4.3 Nuremberg Laws, Jewish emigration
00:31:16 4.4 iKristallnacht/i
00:33:50 4.5 Territorial solution and resettlement
00:35:22 5 World War II
00:35:32 5.1 Occupied countries
00:35:41 5.1.1 Poland
00:37:15 5.1.2 Other occupied countries
00:41:24 5.2 Germany's allies
00:45:18 5.3 Concentration and labor camps
00:48:13 5.4 Ghettos
00:53:13 5.5 Pogroms
00:55:34 5.6 Death squads
00:58:42 5.7 Gas vans
00:59:54 6 Final Solution
01:00:03 6.1 Wannsee Conference
01:05:13 6.2 Extermination camps, gas chambers
01:09:50 6.3 Jewish resistance
01:13:41 6.4 Flow of information about the mass murder
01:19:11 6.5 Climax, Holocaust in Hungary
01:21:40 6.6 Death marches
01:23:12 6.7 Liberation
01:25:39 6.8 Death toll
01:28:39 7 Other victims of Nazi persecution
01:28:50 7.1 Roma
01:31:52 7.2 Ethnic Poles
01:34:08 7.3 Soviet citizens and POWs
01:35:49 7.4 Political and religious opponents
01:37:24 7.5 Gay men
01:39:13 7.6 Black people
01:39:51 8 Aftermath
01:40:00 8.1 Trials
01:42:43 8.2 Reparations
01:44:39 8.3 Motivation
01:48:39 8.4 Uniqueness question
01:52:35 9 See also
01:52:44 10 Sources
01:52:54 10.1 Notes
01:53:02 10.2 Citations
01:53:11 10.3 Works cited
01:53:20 11 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8937718141407235
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by local collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews—around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe—between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event during the Holocaust era, in which Germany and its collaborators persecuted and murdered other groups, including Slavs (chiefly ethnic Poles and Ukrainians, Soviet prisoners of war, and Soviet citizens), the Roma, the incurably sick, political and religious dissenters such as communists and Jehovah's Witnesses, and gay men. Taking into account all the victims of Nazi persecution, the death toll rises to over 17 million.Germany implemented the persecution of the Jews in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's appointment as German Chancellor in January 1933, the regime built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and those deemed undesirable, starting with Dachau on 22 March 1933. After the passing of the Enabling Act on 24 March, which gave Hitler plenary powers, the government began isolating Jews from civil society, which included a boycott of Jewish businesses in April 1933 and enacting the Nuremberg Laws in September 1935. On 9–10 November 1938, during Kristallnacht (the Night of Broken Glass), Jewish businesses and other buildings were ransacked, smashed or set on fire throughout Germany and Austria, which Germany had annexed in March that year. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, triggering World War II, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Eventually thousands of camps and other detention sites were established across German-occupied Europe.
The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS ...
Wrocław
Wrocław (/ˈvrɒtswəf/; Polish pronunciation: [ˈvrɔt͡swaf] ( ); German: Breslau, known also by other alternative names), situated in Central Europe on the Silesian Lowlands on the river Oder (Polish: Odra), is the largest city in western Poland.
Wrocław is the historical capital of Silesia and Lower Silesia, today Wrocław is also the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship.
This video is targeted to blind users.
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Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
The Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
The Holocaust
00:02:16 1 Terminology and scope
00:02:25 1.1 Terminology
00:04:04 1.2 Definition
00:05:33 2 Distinctive features
00:05:43 2.1 Genocidal state
00:08:42 2.2 Medical experiments
00:10:36 3 Origins
00:10:45 3.1 Antisemitism and the völkisch movement
00:11:58 3.2 Germany after World War I, Hitler's world view
00:14:20 4 Rise of Nazi Germany
00:14:30 4.1 Dictatorship and repression (1933–1939)
00:17:37 4.2 Sterilization Law, iAktion T4/i
00:20:38 4.3 Nuremberg Laws, Jewish emigration
00:23:02 4.4 iKristallnacht/i
00:25:12 4.5 Territorial solution and resettlement
00:26:32 5 World War II
00:26:41 5.1 German-occupied Poland
00:28:15 5.2 Other occupied countries
00:31:10 5.3 Germany's allies
00:34:51 5.4 Concentration and labor camps
00:37:33 5.5 Ghettos
00:41:48 5.6 Pogroms
00:42:31 5.7 Death squads
00:45:19 5.8 Gas vans
00:46:20 6 Final Solution
00:46:29 6.1 Wannsee Conference
00:50:33 6.2 Extermination camps, gas chambers
00:54:28 6.3 Jewish resistance
00:57:08 6.4 Flow of information about the mass murder
01:01:21 6.5 Climax, Holocaust in Hungary
01:03:29 6.6 Death marches
01:04:47 6.7 Liberation
01:06:50 7 Victims and death toll
01:07:00 7.1 Overview
01:07:59 7.2 Jews
01:10:34 7.3 Roma
01:13:26 7.4 Slavs
01:14:21 7.4.1 Ethnic Poles
01:16:21 7.4.2 Soviet citizens and POWs
01:17:53 7.5 Political opponents
01:18:34 7.6 Gay men
01:20:05 7.7 Jehovah's Witnesses
01:20:56 7.8 Persons of color
01:21:29 8 Motivation
01:21:38 8.1 Motivation of perpetrators
01:23:34 8.2 German public
01:25:10 9 Aftermath
01:25:19 9.1 Trials
01:27:39 9.2 Reparations
01:29:20 9.3 Uniqueness question
01:31:15 10 See also
01:31:24 11 Sources
01:31:33 11.1 Notes
01:31:41 11.2 Citations
01:31:50 11.3 Works cited
01:31:58 12 Further reading
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and incurably sick, as well as ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet citizens, Soviet prisoners of war, political opponents, gay men and Jehovah's Witnesses, resulting in up to 17 million deaths overall.Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, the government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the Nuremberg Laws in 1935. Starting in 1933, the Nazis built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and people deemed undesirable. After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Over 42,000 camps, ghettos, and other detention sites were established.The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions from the highest leadership of the Nazi Party, killings were committed within Germany itself, throughout German-occupied Europe, and across all territories controlled by the Axis powers. Paramilitary death squads called Einsatzgruppen in cooperation with Wehrmacht police battalions and local collaborators murdered around 1.3 million Jews in mass shootings between 1941 and 1945. By mid-1942, victims were being deported from the ghettos in sealed freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, they were killed in gas chambers. The killing continued until the end of World War II in Europe in May 1945.
Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Holocaust
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and incurably sick, as well as ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet citizens, Soviet prisoners of war, political opponents, gay men and Jehovah's Witnesses, resulting in up to 17 million deaths overall.Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, the government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the Nuremberg Laws in 1935. Starting in 1933, the Nazis built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and people deemed undesirable. After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Over 42,000 camps, ghettos, and other detention sites were established.The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions from the highest leadership of the Nazi Party, killings were committed within Germany itself, throughout German-occupied Europe, and across all territories controlled by the Axis powers. Paramilitary death squads called Einsatzgruppen in cooperation with Wehrmacht police battalions and local collaborators murdered around 1.3 million Jews in mass shootings between 1941 and 1945. By mid-1942, victims were being deported from the ghettos in sealed freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, they were killed in gas chambers. The killing continued until the end of World War II in Europe in May 1945.
the shoah and Jewish identity: How the shoah Shapes Contemporary Jewish Identity
Thursday December 29, 2016 – Fourth Day
Moderator: Ephraim Kaye
Professor Steven Katz, Alvin J. And Shirley Slater Chair in Jewish Holocaust Studies at Boston University and Academic Advisor to the Chair of the 31 countries that belong to the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA)., USA
Patrick Petit-Ohayon, Director of Education, Fonds Social Juif Unifie, France
Rabbi Marcelo Polakoff, Latin-American Jewish Congress, Argentina
Rabbi Boruch Gorin, Chairman of the Board, Jewish Museum and Center of Tolerance, Russia
Vic Alhadeff, CEO, NSW Jewish Board of Deputies, Australia
Link to the Yad Vashem website:
Wrocław | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Wrocław
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Wrocław (Polish: [ˈvrɔt͡swaf] (listen); German: Breslau [ˈbʁɛslaʊ]; Czech: Vratislav; Latin: Vratislavia) is a city in western Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, roughly 350 kilometres (220 mi) from the Baltic Sea to the north and 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the Sudeten Mountains to the south. The population of Wrocław in 2018 was 639,258, making it the fourth-largest city in Poland and the main city of Wrocław agglomeration.
Wrocław is the historical capital of Silesia and Lower Silesia. Today, it is the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. The history of the city dates back over a thousand years, and its extensive heritage combines almost all religions and cultures of Europe. At various times, it has been part of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Bohemia, Kingdom of Hungary, Habsburg Monarchy, Prussia and Germany. Wrocław became part of Poland again in 1945, as a result of the border changes after the Second World War, which included a nearly complete exchange of population.
Wrocław is a university city with a student population of over 130,000, making it one of the most youthful cities in the country. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the University of Wrocław, previously Breslau University, produced 9 Nobel Prize laureates and is renowned for its high quality of teaching.Wrocław is classified as a Gamma- global city by GaWC. It was placed among the top 100 cities in the world for the quality of life by the consulting company Mercer.The city hosted the Eucharistic Congress in 1997 and the Euro 2012 football championships. In 2016, the city was a European Capital of Culture and the World Book Capital. Also in this year, Wrocław hosted the Theatre Olympics, World Bridge Games and the European Film Awards. In 2017, the city was the host of the IFLA Annual Conference and the World Games.
Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Holocaust
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and incurably sick, as well as ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet citizens, Soviet prisoners of war, political opponents, gay men and Jehovah's Witnesses, resulting in up to 17 million deaths overall.Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, the government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the Nuremberg Laws in 1935. Starting in 1933, the Nazis built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and people deemed undesirable. After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Over 42,000 camps, ghettos, and other detention sites were established.The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions from the highest leadership of the Nazi Party, killings were committed within Germany itself, throughout German-occupied Europe, and across all territories controlled by the Axis powers. Paramilitary death squads called Einsatzgruppen in cooperation with Wehrmacht police battalions and local collaborators murdered around 1.3 million Jews in mass shootings between 1941 and 1945. By mid-1942, victims were being deported from the ghettos in sealed freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, they were killed in gas chambers. The killing continued until the end of World War II in Europe in May 1945.
Philips | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:49 1 History
00:03:34 1.1 Philips Radio
00:04:56 1.2 Stirling engine
00:07:25 1.3 Shavers
00:07:48 1.4 World War II
00:09:22 1.5 1945–1999
00:14:14 1.6 2000s
00:17:45 1.7 2010s
00:22:13 2 Corporate affairs
00:22:22 2.1 CEOs
00:23:39 2.2 CFOs
00:24:00 2.3 Vice Presidents
00:24:23 2.4 Acquisitions
00:25:44 3 Operations
00:27:28 3.1 Asia
00:27:36 3.1.1 Thailand
00:28:10 3.1.2 Hong Kong
00:28:54 3.1.3 Mainland China
00:29:23 3.1.4 India
00:30:52 3.1.5 Israel
00:31:51 3.1.6 Pakistan
00:32:16 3.2 Europe
00:32:24 3.2.1 France
00:32:59 3.2.2 Germany
00:34:01 3.2.3 Greece
00:34:20 3.2.4 Italy
00:35:23 3.2.5 Poland
00:35:46 3.2.6 Portugal
00:36:33 3.2.7 Sweden
00:36:55 3.2.8 United Kingdom
00:39:40 3.3 North America
00:39:49 3.3.1 Canada
00:40:53 3.3.2 Mexico
00:41:32 3.3.3 United States
00:43:44 3.4 Oceania
00:43:53 3.4.1 Australia and New Zealand
00:44:57 3.5 South America
00:45:06 3.5.1 Brazil
00:46:05 3.5.2 Color television
00:46:20 3.6 Former operations
00:49:04 4 Products
00:49:47 4.1 Lighting products
00:50:29 4.2 Audio products
00:50:52 4.3 Healthcare products
00:51:04 4.3.1 Clinical informatics
00:51:26 4.3.2 Imaging systems
00:52:06 4.3.3 Diagnostic monitoring
00:52:17 4.3.4 Defibrillators
00:52:30 4.3.5 Consumer
00:52:40 4.3.6 Patient care and clinical informatics
00:53:49 5 Coat of arms/logotype
00:53:59 6 Sponsorships
00:55:35 7 Environmental record
00:55:44 7.1 Circular Economy
00:56:16 7.2 Green initiatives
00:56:47 7.3 L-Prize competition
00:57:23 7.4 Greenpeace ranking
00:58:34 8 Publications
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9833952375085343
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Koninklijke Philips N.V. (literally Royal Philips, stylized as PHILIPS) is a Dutch multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Amsterdam, one of the largest electronics companies in the world, currently focused in the area of healthcare and lighting. It was founded in Eindhoven in 1891 by Gerard Philips and his father Frederik, with their first products being light bulbs. It was once one of the largest electronic conglomerates in the world and currently employs around 74,000 people across 100 countries. The company gained its royal honorary title in 1998 and dropped the Electronics in its name in 2013.Philips is organized into two main divisions: Philips Consumer Health and Well-being (formerly Philips Consumer Electronics and Philips Domestic Appliances and Personal Care) and Philips Professional Healthcare (formerly Philips Medical Systems). The lighting division was spun off as a separate company, Signify N.V. (formerly Philips Lighting prior to 2018). The company started making electric shavers in 1939 under the Philishave brand, and post-war they developed the Compact Cassette format and co-developed the Compact Disc format with Sony, as well as numerous other technologies. As of 2012, Philips was the largest manufacturer of lighting in the world as measured by applicable revenues.
Philips has a primary listing on the Euronext Amsterdam stock exchange and is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. It has a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange. Acquisitions include that of Signetics and Magnavox. They also have had a sports club since 1913 called PSV Eindhoven.
Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:13 1 Terminology and scope
00:04:24 1.1 Terminology
00:07:02 1.2 Definition
00:12:32 2 Distinctive features
00:12:43 2.1 Genocidal state
00:17:26 2.2 Medical experiments
00:20:11 3 Origins
00:20:21 3.1 Antisemitism and the völkisch movement
00:22:04 3.2 Germany after World War I, Hitler's world view
00:25:28 4 Rise of Nazi Germany
00:25:39 4.1 Dictatorship and repression (1933–1939)
00:30:13 4.2 Sterilization Law, iAktion T4/i
00:34:33 4.3 Nuremberg Laws, Jewish emigration
00:38:06 4.4 iKristallnacht/i
00:41:16 4.5 Territorial solution and resettlement
00:43:07 5 World War II
00:43:18 5.1 Occupied countries
00:43:28 5.1.1 Poland
00:45:23 5.1.2 Other occupied countries
00:50:26 5.2 Germany's allies
00:55:12 5.3 Concentration and labor camps
00:58:44 5.4 Ghettos
01:04:46 5.5 Pogroms
01:07:39 5.6 Death squads
01:11:29 5.7 Gas vans
01:12:54 6 Final Solution
01:13:04 6.1 Wannsee Conference
01:19:23 6.2 Extermination camps, gas chambers
01:25:03 6.3 Jewish resistance
01:29:43 6.4 Flow of information about the mass murder
01:36:26 6.5 Climax, Holocaust in Hungary
01:39:27 6.6 Death marches
01:41:17 6.7 Liberation
01:44:14 6.8 Death toll
01:47:53 7 Other victims of Nazi persecution
01:48:05 7.1 Roma
01:51:48 7.2 Ethnic Poles
01:54:38 7.3 Soviet citizens and POWs
01:56:39 7.4 Political and religious opponents
01:58:33 7.5 Gay men
02:00:44 7.6 Black people
02:01:28 8 Aftermath
02:01:38 8.1 Trials
02:05:01 8.2 Reparations
02:07:23 8.3 Motivation
02:12:14 8.4 Uniqueness question
02:17:03 9 See also
02:17:13 10 Sources
02:17:23 10.1 Notes
02:17:32 10.2 Citations
02:17:41 10.3 Works cited
02:17:51 11 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7129058729237174
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by local collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews—around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe—between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event during the Holocaust era, in which Germany and its collaborators persecuted and murdered other groups, including Slavs (chiefly ethnic Poles, Soviet prisoners of war, and Soviet citizens), the Roma, the incurably sick, political and religious dissenters such as communists and Jehovah's Witnesses, and gay men. Taking into account all the victims of Nazi persecution, the death toll rises to 17 million.Germany implemented the persecution of the Jews in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's appointment as German Chancellor in January 1933, the regime built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and those deemed undesirable, starting with Dachau on 22 March 1933. After the passing of the Enabling Act on 24 March, which gave Hitler plenary powers, the government began isolating Jews from civil society, which included a boycott of Jewish businesses in April 1933 and enacting the Nuremberg Laws in September 1935. On 9–10 November 1938, during Kristallnacht (the Night of Broken Glass), Jewish businesses and other buildings were ransacked, smashed or set on fire throughout Germany and Austria, which Germany had annexed in March that year. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, triggering World War II, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Eventually thousands of camps and other detention sites were established across German-occupied Europe.
The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions fr ...
Philips | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:42 1 History
00:03:20 1.1 Philips Radio
00:04:37 1.2 Stirling engine
00:06:57 1.3 Shavers
00:07:18 1.4 World War II
00:08:47 1.5 1945–1999
00:13:20 1.6 2000s
00:16:36 1.7 2010s
00:20:35 2 Corporate affairs
00:20:44 2.1 CEOs
00:22:00 2.2 CFOs
00:22:21 2.3 Vice Presidents
00:22:43 2.4 Acquisitions
00:23:54 3 Operations
00:25:33 3.1 Asia
00:25:41 3.1.1 Thailand
00:26:13 3.1.2 Hong Kong
00:26:55 3.1.3 Mainland China
00:27:23 3.1.4 India
00:28:47 3.1.5 Israel
00:29:42 3.1.6 Pakistan
00:30:07 3.2 Europe
00:30:15 3.2.1 France
00:30:48 3.2.2 Germany
00:31:47 3.2.3 Greece
00:32:05 3.2.4 Italy
00:32:22 3.2.5 Poland
00:32:45 3.2.6 Portugal
00:33:30 3.2.7 Sweden
00:33:50 3.2.8 United Kingdom
00:36:29 3.3 North America
00:36:38 3.3.1 Canada
00:37:38 3.3.2 Mexico
00:38:16 3.3.3 United States
00:40:19 3.4 Oceania
00:40:28 3.4.1 Australia and New Zealand
00:41:29 3.5 South America
00:41:37 3.5.1 Brazil
00:42:33 3.6 Former operations
00:45:08 4 Products
00:45:50 4.1 Lighting products
00:46:31 4.2 Audio products
00:46:53 4.3 Healthcare products
00:47:04 4.3.1 Clinical informatics
00:47:14 4.3.2 Imaging systems
00:48:44 4.3.3 Diagnostic monitoring
00:48:54 4.3.4 Defibrillators
00:49:22 4.3.5 Consumer
00:49:56 4.3.6 Patient care and clinical informatics
00:51:03 5 Coat of arms/logotype
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Koninklijke Philips N.V. (literally Royal Philips, stylized as PHILIPS) is a Dutch multinational technology company headquartered in Amsterdam, one of the largest electronics company in the world,currently focused in the area of healthcare and lighting. It was founded in Eindhoven in 1891 by Gerard Philips and his father Frederik, with their first products being light bulbs. It was once one of the largest electronic conglomerates in the world and currently employs around 74,000 people across 100 countries. The company gained its royal honorary title in 1998 and dropped the Electronics in its name in 2013.Philips is organized into two main divisions: Philips Consumer health and well-being (formerly Philips Consumer Electronics and Philips Domestic Appliances and Personal Care) and Philips Professional Healthcare (formerly Philips Medical Systems). The lighting division was spun off as a separate company, Signify N.V. (formerly Philips Lighting prior to 2018). The company started making electric shavers in 1939 under the Philishave brand, and post-war they developed the Compact Cassette format and co-developed the Compact Disc format with Sony, as well as numerous other technologies. As of 2012, Philips was the largest manufacturer of lighting in the world as measured by applicable revenues.
Philips has a primary listing on the Euronext Amsterdam stock exchange and is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. It has a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange. Acquisitions include that of Signetics and Magnavox. They also have had a sports club since 1913 called PSV Eindhoven.