Historical Archaeology in South Dakota
As Europeans reached the American West, numerous fur trading posts and military forts were constructed. Historic records and archeological investigations aid in our understanding of the early contact and settlement period. This presentation by the Archeology Lab at Augustana University discusses archaeological investigations at trading posts and military forts established in South Dakota, and highlights their importance in understanding Native American relations with the US government as well as providing insight into the lives of soldiers at the time.
Osiyo, Voices of the Cherokee People Season 1, Episode 10 for PBS
On this episode, OsiyoTV goes trick riding with rodeo performer Haley Ganzel. Cherokee National Treasure Tonia Hogner Weavel tells us the history of the Cherokee women's tear dress and how creating the dresses changed her life. Finally, we honor Cherokee war veterans as the Cherokee Nation sends them to Washington DC on the 2015 Warrior Flight.
The Hall Of Famer You Don't Know About - Mississippi State Bulldog!
A 2x NBA Champion, 6x NBA All-Star and one of the best offensive rebounders this game has ever seen. Today I talk about Another Hall of Famer you don't know about - Bailey Howell!
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#HallOfFamer #NBA #BaileyHowell
Native Americans in the United States | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Native Americans in the United States
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States, except Hawaii. There are over 500 federally recognized tribes within the US, about half of which are associated with Indian reservations. The term American Indian excludes Native Hawaiians and some Alaska Natives, while Native Americans (as defined by the US Census) are American Indians, plus Alaska Natives of all ethnicities. Native Hawaiians are not counted as Native Americans by the US Census, instead being included in the Census grouping of Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander.
The ancestors of modern Native Americans arrived in what is now the United States at least 15,000 years ago, possibly much earlier, from Asia via Beringia. A vast variety of peoples, societies and cultures subsequently developed. Native Americans were greatly affected by the European colonization of the Americas, which began in 1492, and their population declined precipitously due to introduced diseases, warfare, and slavery. After the founding of the United States, many Native American peoples were subjected to warfare, removals and one-sided treaties, and they continued to suffer from discriminatory government policies into the 21st century. Since the 1960s, Native American self-determination movements have resulted in changes to the lives of Native Americans, though there are still many contemporary issues faced by Native Americans. Today, there are over five million Native Americans in the United States, 78% of whom live outside reservations.
When the United States was created, established Native American tribes were generally considered semi-independent nations, as they generally lived in communities separate from British settlers. The federal government signed treaties at a government-to-government level until the Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 ended recognition of independent native nations, and started treating them as domestic dependent nations subject to federal law. This law did preserve the rights and privileges agreed to under the treaties, including a large degree of tribal sovereignty. For this reason, many (but not all) Native American reservations are still independent of state law for this reason, and actions of tribal citizens on these reservations are subject only to tribal courts and federal law.
The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 granted U.S. citizenship to all Native Americans born in the United States who had not yet obtained it. This emptied the Indians not taxed category established by the United States Constitution, allowed natives to vote in state and federal elections, and extended the Fourteenth Amendment protections granted to people subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. However, some states continued to deny Native Americans voting rights for several decades. Bill of Rights protections do not apply to tribal governments, except for those mandated by the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968.
Grover Cleveland
Stephen Grover Cleveland was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States; as such, he is the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms and to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents. He was the winner of the popular vote for president three times—in 1884, 1888, and 1892—and was one of the two Democrats elected to the presidency in the era of Republican political domination dating from 1861 to 1933.
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Will They Steal The Election From Donald Trump?
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Republican Presidential Candidate Donald Trump continues to increase his lead in national polls and accumulate more delegates than his opposition. At this point, Trump is the clear choice of conservative voters to be the Republican nominee and presidential candidate.
While many of his harshest critics have accepted his status as the likely Republican nominee – efforts persist to stop him.
If Trump gains 1,237 delegates prior to the start of the Republican National Convention in Cleveland, Ohio on July 18th, he clinches the nomination.
If Trump doesn’t reach 1,237 delegates prior to the convention – he could be denied the nomination via a contested convention despite being the choice of most Republican voters.
Will The Republican Establishment Steal The Election From Donald Trump?
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Taking Stock of Trumpism: Where It Came From, What It Has Accomplished, and Where It Is Going
Victor Davis Hanson speaks at Hillsdale College's Kirby Center in Washington, D.C. about Trumpism.
Victor Davis Hanson is the Wayne & Marcia Buske Distinguished Fellow in History at Hillsdale College, the Martin and Illie Anderson Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, and a professor of Classics Emeritus at California State University, Fresno. He earned his B.A. at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and his Ph.D. from Stanford University. He was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2007, the Bradley Prize in 2008, and the William F. Buckley Prize in 2015. He has authored or edited twenty-four books, including The Soul of Battle and A War Like No Other: How the Athenians and Spartans Fought the Peloponnesian War.
To learn more about how Hillsdale College's Kirby Center teaches the Constitution in Washington, D.C., visit
Learn more about Hillsdale College at
Grover Cleveland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Grover Cleveland
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was an American politician and lawyer who was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office (1885–1889 and 1893–1897). He won the popular vote for three presidential elections—in 1884, 1888, and 1892—and was one of two Democrats (with Woodrow Wilson) to be elected president during the era of Republican political domination dating from 1861 to 1933.
Cleveland was the leader of the pro-business Bourbon Democrats who opposed high tariffs, Free Silver, inflation, imperialism, and subsidies to business, farmers, or veterans on libertarian philosophical grounds. His crusade for political reform and fiscal conservatism made him an icon for American conservatives of the era. Cleveland won praise for his honesty, self-reliance, integrity, and commitment to the principles of classical liberalism. He fought political corruption, patronage, and bossism. As a reformer, Cleveland had such prestige that the like-minded wing of the Republican Party, called Mugwumps, largely bolted the GOP presidential ticket and swung to his support in the 1884 election.As his second administration began, disaster hit the nation when the Panic of 1893 produced a severe national depression, which Cleveland was unable to reverse. It ruined his Democratic Party, opening the way for a Republican landslide in 1894 and for the agrarian and silverite seizure of the Democratic Party in 1896. The result was a political realignment that ended the Third Party System and launched the Fourth Party System and the Progressive Era.Cleveland was a formidable policymaker, and he also drew corresponding criticism. His intervention in the Pullman Strike of 1894 to keep the railroads moving angered labor unions nationwide in addition to the party in Illinois; his support of the gold standard and opposition to Free Silver alienated the agrarian wing of the Democratic Party. Critics complained that Cleveland had little imagination and seemed overwhelmed by the nation's economic disasters—depressions and strikes—in his second term. Even so, his reputation for probity and good character survived the troubles of his second term. Biographer Allan Nevins wrote, [I]n Grover Cleveland, the greatness lies in typical rather than unusual qualities. He had no endowments that thousands of men do not have. He possessed honesty, courage, firmness, independence, and common sense. But he possessed them to a degree other men do not. By the end of his second term, public perception showed him to be one of the most unpopular U.S. presidents, and was by then rejected even by most Democrats. Today, Cleveland is considered by most historians to have been a successful leader, generally ranked among the upper-mid tier of American presidents.
Presidencies of Grover Cleveland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Presidencies of Grover Cleveland
00:02:50 1 Election of 1884
00:06:11 2 First presidency (1885–1889)
00:06:23 2.1 Administration
00:06:32 2.1.1 Appointments
00:07:44 2.1.2 Marriage and children
00:08:27 2.2 Reforms and civil service
00:11:01 2.3 Interstate Commerce Act
00:12:34 2.4 Vetoes
00:14:20 2.5 Monetary policy
00:16:05 2.6 Tariffs
00:18:06 2.7 Foreign policy, 1885–1889
00:19:53 2.8 Military policy, 1885–1889
00:21:39 2.9 Civil rights and immigration
00:23:00 2.10 Indian policy
00:24:53 2.11 Judicial appointments
00:26:01 2.12 Election of 1888
00:27:59 3 Election of 1892
00:31:05 4 Second presidency (1893–1897)
00:31:17 4.1 Administration
00:31:26 4.1.1 Appointments
00:32:10 4.1.2 Cancer
00:33:13 4.2 Economic panic and the silver issue
00:36:59 4.3 Labor unrest
00:37:08 4.3.1 Coxey's Army
00:38:24 4.3.2 Pullman Strike
00:40:41 4.4 Tariff frustrations
00:43:22 4.5 Civil rights
00:44:33 4.6 1894 elections
00:46:07 4.7 Foreign policy, 1893–1897
00:50:59 4.8 Military policy, 1893–1897
00:52:09 4.9 Judicial appointments
00:53:45 4.10 Election of 1896
00:56:22 5 States admitted to the Union
00:57:37 6 Historical reputation
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The presidencies of Grover Cleveland lasted from March 4, 1885 to March 4, 1889, and from March 4, 1893 to March 4, 1897. The first Democrat elected after the Civil War, Grover Cleveland is the only President of the United States to leave office after one term and later return for a second term. His presidencies were the nation's 22nd and 24th. Cleveland defeated James G. Blaine of Maine in 1884, lost to Benjamin Harrison of Indiana in 1888, and then defeated President Harrison in 1892.
Cleveland won the 1884 election with the support of a reform-minded group of Republicans known as Mugwumps, and he expanded the number of government positions that were protected by the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. He also vetoed several bills designed to provide pensions and other benefits to various regions and individuals. In response to anti-competitive practices by railroads, Cleveland signed the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, which established the first independent federal agency. During his first term, he unsuccessfully sought the repeal of the Bland–Allison Act and a lowering of the tariff. The Samoan crisis was the major foreign policy event of Cleveland's first term, and that crisis ended with a tripartite protectorate in the Samoan Islands.
As his second presidency began, disaster hit the nation when the Panic of 1893 produced a severe national depression. Cleveland presided over the repeal of portions of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, striking a blow against the Free Silver movement, and also lowered tariff rates by allowing the Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act to become law . He also ordered federal soldiers to crush the Pullman Strike and promoted efforts to roll back federal civil rights protections for African-Americans. In foreign policy, Cleveland resisted the annexation of Hawaii and an American intervention in Cuba. He also sought to uphold the Monroe Doctrine and forced the British to agree to arbitrate a border dispute with Venezuela. In the midterm elections of 1894, Cleveland's Democratic Party suffered a massive defeat that opened the way for the agrarian and silverite seizure of the Democratic Party.
The 1896 Democratic National Convention repudiated Cleveland and nominated silverite William Jennings Bryan, but Bryan was defeated by Republican William McKinley in the 1896 presidential election. Cleveland left office extremely unpopular, but his reputation was quickly rehabilitated by scholars like Allan Nevins. More recent historians and biographers have taken a more ambivalent view of Cleveland, but many note Cleveland's role in re-asserting the power of the presidency. In rankings of American presidents by historians and political scientists, Cleveland is generally ranked as an average president.
TRSM Dean's Speaker Series: David M. Shribman
On November 7, 2018, the day after the US mid-term elections, David M. Shribman, the Pulitzer Prize winning Executive Editor and Vice-President of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette spoke to an audience as part of the TRSM Dean's Speaker Series inaugural event. #onlyatTRSM
Northwest Airlines
Northwest Airlines Corp. (often abbreviated NWA) was a major United States airline founded in 1926 and absorbed into Delta Air Lines Inc. by a merger. Approved on October 29, 2008, the merger made Delta the largest airline in the world. Northwest continued to operate under its own name and brand until the integration of the carriers was completed on January 31, 2010.
Northwest was headquartered in Eagan, Minnesota near Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport. After World War II it became dominant in the trans-Pacific market with a hub in Tokyo, Japan (initially Haneda Airport, later Narita International Airport). After acquiring Republic Airlines in 1986, Northwest also established major hubs at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport and Memphis International Airport. In 1993 it began a strategic alliance with KLM and a jointly-coordinated European hub at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. The Detroit and Minneapolis operations were retained as Delta hubs. However, the Memphis operation has been reduced from more than 300 to fewer than 40 flights a day.
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Amir Hussain: Building Faith Neighbors: Jesuit Universities and Muslim Communities
Being Religious Interreligiously conference.
Making Schools Safe
The Senate E-12 Education Committee dedicated a hearing Monday, February 11, to consider bills intended to make Minnesota schools safer from gun violence.
One measure, sponsored by committee chair Carla Nelson, R-Rochester, would increasing funding for the safe schools program. Nelson also is sponsoring a measure that would train teachers in preventing student suicides.
A third bill, sponsored by Senator Eric Pratt, R-Prior Lake, would allow schools to conduct fire drills without requiring students to exit the building.
Neutrality and War - OpenBUCS
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