Manor house
A manor house is a large country house, which was historically the capital residence or messuage within a manor, the basic unit of territorial organisation in the feudal system in Europe, in which dwelled the lord of the manor. It formed the administrative centre of a manor and within its great hall were held the lord's manorial courts, communal meals with manorial tenants and great banquets. The term is today loosely applied to smaller country houses, frequently dating from the late medieval era, which formerly housed the gentry. They were often fortified, but this was frequently intended more for show than for defense. Manor houses existed in most European countries where feudalism existed, where they were sometimes known as castles, palaces, and so on. Many buildings, such as schools, are named Manor; the reason behind this is because the building was or is close to a manor house.
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Waffen-SS | Wikipedia audio article
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Waffen-SS
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Waffen-SS (German pronunciation: [ˈvafn̩ʔɛsˌʔɛs], Armed SS) was the armed wing of the Nazi Party's SS organisation. Its formations included men from Nazi Germany, along with volunteers and conscripts from both occupied and un-occupied lands.The Waffen-SS grew from three regiments to over 38 divisions during World War II, and served alongside the Heer (regular army), Ordnungspolizei (uniformed police) and other security units. Originally, it was under the control of the SS Führungshauptamt (SS operational command office) beneath Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler. With the start of World War II, tactical control was exercised by the High Command of the Armed Forces (OKW), with some units being subordinated to Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS (Command Staff Reichsführer-SS) directly under Himmler's control.Initially, in keeping with the racial policy of Nazi Germany, membership was open only to people of Germanic origin (so-called Aryan ancestry). The rules were partially relaxed in 1940, and later the formation of units composed largely or solely of foreign volunteers and conscripts was authorised. These SS units were made up of men mainly from among the nationals of Nazi-occupied Europe. Despite relaxation of the rules, the Waffen-SS was still based on the racist ideology of Nazism, and ethnic Poles (who were unfairly viewed as subhumans) were barred specifically from the formations.Members of the Waffen-SS were involved in numerous atrocities. At the post-war Nuremberg trials, the Waffen-SS was judged to be a criminal organisation due to its connection to the Nazi Party and direct involvement in numerous war crimes and crimes against humanity. Former Waffen-SS members were denied many of the rights afforded to military veterans. An exception was made for Waffen-SS conscripts, who were exempted because they were not volunteers. About a third of the total membership were conscripts.
Ukrycie i schron pod blokiem z 1955 roku - Lublin
Dzięki uprzejmości administracji osiedla zwiedziliśmy ukrycie i schron pod blokiem w Lublinie za co serdecznie dziękujemy.
Ukrycie i schron wybudowane według wytycznych T.O.P.L.-u., zobaczcie co zachowało się w nich do dzisiaj i jak ciekawie zostały połączone. :)
Waffen-SS | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:57 1 Origins (1929–39)
00:08:14 2 World War II
00:08:23 2.1 1939
00:08:32 2.1.1 Invasion of Poland
00:12:44 2.1.2 First Divisions
00:13:55 2.2 1940
00:14:04 2.2.1 France and the Netherlands
00:19:20 2.2.2 1940 expansion
00:20:42 2.3 1941
00:21:42 2.3.1 Balkans
00:24:10 2.3.2 Soviet Union
00:29:24 2.4 1942
00:29:33 2.4.1 1942 expansion
00:30:32 2.4.2 Panzergrenadier divisions
00:31:21 2.4.3 Demyansk Pocket
00:32:03 2.5 1943
00:32:12 2.5.1 1943 expansion
00:33:58 2.5.2 Kharkiv
00:35:30 2.5.3 Warsaw Ghetto uprising
00:36:04 2.5.4 Kursk
00:37:47 2.5.5 Italy
00:39:59 2.6 1944
00:40:08 2.6.1 1944 expansion
00:43:57 2.6.2 Korsun-Cherkassy Pocket
00:44:53 2.6.3 Raid on Drvar
00:45:59 2.6.4 Baltic states
00:47:13 2.6.5 Normandy
00:51:23 2.6.6 Greece
00:52:08 2.6.7 Italy
00:52:35 2.6.8 Finland
00:53:14 2.6.9 Arnhem and Operation Market Garden
00:54:19 2.6.10 Warsaw Uprising
00:57:23 2.6.11 Vistula River line
00:58:18 2.6.12 Ardennes Offensive
01:01:04 2.6.13 Siege of Budapest
01:02:42 2.7 1945
01:02:51 2.7.1 1945 expansion
01:04:30 2.7.2 Operation Nordwind
01:05:30 2.7.3 Operation Solstice
01:06:30 2.7.4 East Pomeranian Offensive
01:07:29 2.7.5 Operation Spring Awakening
01:10:05 2.7.6 Berlin
01:14:04 3 Divisions
01:14:40 4 Commanders
01:16:13 5 Casualties
01:16:39 6 Criminality
01:23:07 7 Post-war Germany
01:23:16 7.1 Waffen-SS veterans in post-war Germany
01:25:07 7.2 HIAG lobby group
01:27:34 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9083070820017729
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Waffen-SS (German pronunciation: [ˈvafn̩ʔɛsˌʔɛs], Armed SS) was the armed wing of the Nazi Party's SS organisation. Its formations included men from Nazi Germany, along with volunteers and conscripts from both occupied and un-occupied lands.The Waffen-SS grew from three regiments to over 38 divisions during World War II, and served alongside the Heer (regular army), Ordnungspolizei (uniformed police) and other security units. Originally, it was under the control of the SS Führungshauptamt (SS operational command office) beneath Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler. With the start of World War II, tactical control was exercised by the High Command of the Armed Forces (OKW), with some units being subordinated to Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS (Command Staff Reichsführer-SS) directly under Himmler's control.Initially, in keeping with the racial policy of Nazi Germany, membership was open only to people of Germanic origin (so-called Aryan ancestry). The rules were partially relaxed in 1940, and later the formation of units composed largely or solely of foreign volunteers and conscripts was authorised. These SS units were made up of men mainly from among the nationals of Nazi-occupied Europe. Despite relaxation of the rules, the Waffen-SS was still based on the racist ideology of Nazism, and ethnic Poles (who were viewed as subhumans) were specifically barred from the formations.Members of the Waffen-SS were involved in numerous atrocities. At the post-war Nuremberg trials, the Waffen-SS was judged to be a criminal organisation due to its connection to the Nazi Party and direct involvement in numerous war crimes and crimes against humanity. Former Waffen-SS members, with the exception of conscripts, who comprised about one third of the membership, were denied many of the rights afforded to military veterans.