Palace of Hernando de Ovando

Santo Domingo

In some cases, the article may state D.N., which strictly refers to the city proper, i.e., excluding the surrounding Santo Domingo Province.
Santo Domingo (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsanto ðoˈmiŋɡo], Saint Dominic) known officially as Santo Domingo de Guzmán, is the capital and largest city in the Dominican Republic and is the largest city in the Caribbean region by population. In 2010, Santo Domingo had a population of 965,040, with the metropolitan area reaching a total of 2,907,100. The city lies within the boundaries of the Distrito Nacional (D.N.; National District), itself bordered on three sides by Santo Domingo Province.


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Santo Domingo | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Santo Domingo


00:01:55 1 History
00:07:28 2 Geography
00:07:56 2.1 Climate
00:09:29 3 Cityscape
00:09:38 3.1 Architecture
00:11:45 3.2 Neighborhoods
00:12:34 4 Population
00:14:03 5 Government and politics
00:14:51 6 Economy
00:17:24 6.1 Commercial centers
00:17:32 7 Culture
00:20:06 8 Parks and recreational areas
00:21:10 9 Health
00:21:19 10 Education
00:22:55 11 Transportation
00:23:04 11.1 Roads and highways
00:24:06 11.2 Main avenues
00:29:55 11.3 Public transportation
00:31:07 11.4 Airports
00:31:40 11.5 Seaport
00:32:36 12 Sports
00:32:45 12.1 Baseball
00:33:35 12.2 Basketball
00:33:59 12.3 Sports clubs
00:34:07 13 Media
00:34:44 13.1 Television
00:34:53 13.2 Radio
00:35:04 14 International relations
00:35:14 14.1 Twin towns – Sister cities
00:35:31 15 Gallery
00:35:40 16 People from Santo Domingo
00:35:50 17 See also



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- Socrates



SUMMARY
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Santo Domingo (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsanto ðoˈmiŋɡo] meaning Saint Dominic), officially Santo Domingo de Guzmán, is the capital and largest city in the Dominican Republic and the largest metropolitan area in the Caribbean by population. In 2010, its population was counted as 965,040, rising to 2,908,607 when its surrounding metropolitan area was included. The city is coterminous with the boundaries of the Distrito Nacional (D.N., National District), itself bordered on three sides by Santo Domingo Province.
Founded by Bartholomew Columbus in 1496, on the east bank of the Ozama River and then moved by Nicolás de Ovando in 1502 to the west bank of the river, the city is the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Americas, and was the first seat of the Spanish colonial rule in the New World. Santo Domingo is the site of the first university, cathedral, castle, monastery, and fortress in the New World. The city's Colonial Zone was declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Santo Domingo was called Ciudad Trujillo (Spanish pronunciation: [sjuˈðað tɾuˈxiʝo]), from 1936 to 1961, after the Dominican Republic's dictator, Rafael Trujillo, named the capital after himself. Following his assassination, the city resumed its original designation.
Santo Domingo is the cultural, financial, political, commercial and industrial center of the Dominican Republic, with the country's most important industries being located within the city. Santo Domingo also serves as the chief seaport of the country. The city's harbor at the mouth of the Ozama River accommodates the largest vessels, and the port handles both heavy passenger and freight traffic. Temperatures are high year round, with cooler breezes in the winter time.

Hernán Cortés | Wikipedia audio article

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Hernán Cortés

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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca (; Spanish: [eɾˈnaŋ koɾˈtes ðe monˈroj i piˈsaro]; 1485 – December 2, 1547) was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century. Cortés was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers who began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
Born in Medellín, Spain, to a family of lesser nobility, Cortés chose to pursue adventure and riches in the New World. He went to Hispaniola and later to Cuba, where he received an encomienda (the right to the labor of certain subjects). For a short time, he served as alcalde (magistrate) of the second Spanish town founded on the island. In 1519, he was elected captain of the third expedition to the mainland, an expedition which he partly funded. His enmity with the Governor of Cuba, Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, resulted in the recall of the expedition at the last moment, an order which Cortés ignored.
Arriving on the continent, Cortés executed a successful strategy of allying with some indigenous people against others. He also used a native woman, Doña Marina, as an interpreter. She later bore his first son. When the Governor of Cuba sent emissaries to arrest Cortés, he fought them and won, using the extra troops as reinforcements. Cortés wrote letters directly to the king asking to be acknowledged for his successes instead of being punished for mutiny. After he overthrew the Aztec Empire, Cortés was awarded the title of Marqués del Valle de Oaxaca, while the more prestigious title of Viceroy was given to a high-ranking nobleman, Antonio de Mendoza. In 1541 Cortés returned to Spain, where he died six years later of natural causes but embittered.
Because of the controversial undertakings of Cortés and the scarcity of reliable sources of information about him, it is difficult to describe his personality or motivations. Early lionizing of the conquistadors did not encourage deep examination of Cortés. Later reconsideration of the conquistadors in the context of modern anti-colonial sentiment has done little to enlarge understanding of Cortés. As a result of these historical trends, descriptions of Cortés tend to be simplistic, and either damning or idealizing.