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Robert E. Lee | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Robert E. Lee
00:03:15 1 Early life and career
00:07:22 2 Military engineer career
00:11:13 3 Marriage and family
00:13:58 4 Mexican–American War
00:15:45 5 Early 1850s: West Point and Texas
00:17:05 6 Late 1850s: Arlington plantation and the Custis slaves
00:19:06 6.1 The Norris case
00:24:19 6.2 Lee's views on race and slavery
00:33:06 7 Harpers Ferry and Texas, 1859–1861
00:33:32 7.1 Harpers Ferry
00:34:32 7.2 Texas
00:36:11 8 Civil War
00:36:20 8.1 Resignation from United States Army
00:42:48 8.2 Early role
00:45:18 8.3 Commander, Army of Northern Virginia (June 1862 – June 1863)
00:50:05 8.4 Battle of Gettysburg
00:52:42 8.5 Ulysses S. Grant and the Union offensive
00:54:02 8.6 General in Chief
00:55:34 9 Summaries of Lee's Civil War battles
00:55:53 10 Postbellum life
00:59:16 10.1 President Johnson’s amnesty pardons
01:00:35 10.2 Postwar politics
01:04:45 11 Illness and death
01:06:00 12 Legacy
01:10:44 12.1 Monuments, memorials and commemorations
01:19:13 13 Dates of rank
01:19:34 14 In popular culture
01:22:06 15 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870) was an American and Confederate soldier, best known as a commander of the Confederate States Army. He commanded the Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865. A son of Revolutionary War officer Henry Light Horse Harry Lee III, Lee was a top graduate of the United States Military Academy and an exceptional officer and military engineer in the United States Army for 32 years. During this time, he served throughout the United States, distinguished himself during the Mexican–American War, and served as Superintendent of the United States Military Academy.
When Virginia declared its secession from the Union in April 1861, Lee chose to follow his home state, despite his desire for the country to remain intact and an offer of a senior Union command. During the first year of the Civil War, Lee served as a senior military adviser to Confederate President Jefferson Davis. Once he took command of the main field army in 1862 he soon emerged as a shrewd tactician and battlefield commander, winning most of his battles, all against far superior Union armies. Lee's strategic foresight was more questionable, and both of his major offensives into Union territory ended in defeat. Lee's aggressive tactics, which resulted in high casualties at a time when the Confederacy had a shortage of manpower, have come under criticism in recent years. Lee surrendered his entire army to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. By this time, Lee had assumed supreme command of the remaining Southern armies; other Confederate forces swiftly capitulated after his surrender. Lee rejected the proposal of a sustained insurgency against the Union and called for reconciliation between the two sides.
In 1865, after the war, Lee was paroled and signed an oath of allegiance, asking to have his citizenship of the United States restored. Lee's application was misplaced; as a result, he did not receive a pardon and his citizenship was not restored. In 1865, Lee became president of Washington College (later Washington and Lee University) in Lexington, Virginia; in that position, he supported reconciliation between North and South. Lee accepted the extinction of slavery provided for by the Thirteenth Amendment, but publicly opposed racial equality and granting African Americans the right to vote and other political rights. Lee died in 1870. In 1975, the U.S. Congress posthumously restored Lee's citizenship effective June 13, 1865.Lee opposed the construction of public memorials to Confederate rebellion on the grounds that they would prevent the healing of wounds inflicted during the war. Nevertheless, after his death, Lee became an icon used by promoters of Lost Cause mythology, who sought to romanticize the Confederate cause and strengthen white suprema ...
Baltimore, Maryland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:03 1 History
00:03:32 1.1 Etymology
00:04:00 1.2 Before European settlement
00:05:20 1.3 Colonial period
00:08:16 1.4 Antebellum period
00:10:11 1.5 Civil war and after
00:11:05 1.6 20th century through 1968
00:13:09 1.7 1968 and after
00:14:18 1.7.1 Development and promotion
00:17:21 2 Geography
00:18:23 2.1 Cityscape
00:18:31 2.1.1 Architecture
00:22:54 2.1.2 Tallest buildings
00:23:02 2.1.3 Neighborhoods
00:23:50 2.1.3.1 Central Baltimore
00:25:14 2.1.3.2 North Baltimore
00:26:20 2.1.3.3 South Baltimore
00:27:20 2.1.3.4 Northeast Baltimore
00:28:08 2.1.3.5 East Baltimore
00:28:44 2.1.3.6 Southeast Baltimore
00:29:32 2.1.3.7 Northwest Baltimore
00:30:07 2.1.3.8 West Baltimore
00:31:12 2.1.3.9 Southwest Baltimore
00:32:21 2.2 Adjacent communities
00:32:36 2.3 Climate
00:35:30 3 Demographics
00:35:38 3.1 Population
00:37:28 3.2 Characteristics
00:38:28 3.3 Income and housing
00:39:33 3.4 Life expectancy
00:39:59 3.5 Religion
00:40:28 3.6 Languages
00:40:59 4 Crime
00:45:40 5 Economy
00:47:42 5.1 Port
00:49:26 5.2 Tourism
00:51:29 6 Culture
00:55:16 6.1 Cuisine
00:56:35 6.2 Local dialect
00:57:36 6.3 Performing arts
01:00:54 7 Sports
01:01:02 7.1 Baseball
01:03:02 7.2 Football
01:04:52 7.3 Other teams and events
01:08:05 8 Parks and recreation
01:08:52 9 Government
01:09:54 9.1 City government
01:10:02 9.1.1 Mayor
01:11:51 9.1.2 Baltimore City Council
01:12:41 9.1.3 Law enforcement
01:15:32 9.1.4 Baltimore City Fire Department
01:16:20 9.2 State government
01:17:07 9.2.1 State agencies
01:17:15 9.3 Federal government
01:18:47 10 Education
01:18:55 10.1 Colleges and universities
01:19:19 10.1.1 Private
01:19:51 10.1.2 Public
01:20:11 10.2 Primary and secondary schools
01:21:08 11 Transportation
01:21:44 11.1 Roads and highways
01:25:17 11.2 Transit systems
01:25:25 11.2.1 Public transit
01:27:28 11.2.2 Intercity rail
01:29:05 11.3 Airports
01:30:23 11.4 Pedestrians and bicycles
01:32:53 11.5 Port of Baltimore
01:35:25 12 Environment
01:35:55 12.1 Trash interceptors
01:38:03 12.2 Other water pollution control
01:38:53 13 Media
01:40:45 14 Notable people
01:40:54 15 Sister cities
01:41:16 16 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.917648775155785
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Baltimore ( BAWL-tim-or) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, as well as the 30th most populous city in the United States, with a population of 602,495 in 2018 and also the largest such independent city in the country. Baltimore was established by the Constitution of Maryland as an independent city in 1729. As of 2017, the population of the Baltimore metropolitan area was estimated to be just under 2.802 million, making it the 21st largest metropolitan area in the country. Baltimore is located about 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Washington, D.C., making it a principal city in the Washington-Baltimore combined statistical area (CSA), the fourth-largest CSA in the nation, with a calculated 2018 population of 9,797,063.Baltimore is also the second-largest seaport in the Mid-Atlantic. The city's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States. In addition, Baltimore was a major manufacturing center. After a decline in major manufacturing, heavy industry, and restructuring of the rail industry, Baltimore has shifted to a service-oriented economy. Johns Hopkins Hospital (founded 1889) and Johns Hopkins University (founded 1876) are the city's top two employers.With hundreds of identified districts, Baltimore has been dubbed a city of neighborhoods. Famous residents have included writers Edgar Allan Poe, Edith Hamilton, Frederick Douglass, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ogden Nash, Gertrude Stein, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Dashiell Hammett, Upton Sinclair, Tom Clancy, Ta-Nehisi Coates, and H. L. Mencken; musicians James Eubie Blake, Billie ...
Grassroots Efforts: Neon Sign Restoration Along Route 66 (Jim Thole)
Brooklyn | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:25 1 Toponymy
00:03:30 2 History
00:04:20 2.1 Colonial era
00:04:29 2.1.1 Six Dutch towns
00:06:41 2.1.2 Six townships in an English province
00:08:06 2.1.3 Revolutionary War
00:10:12 2.2 Post-colonial era
00:10:21 2.2.1 Urbanization
00:14:26 2.2.2 Civil War
00:15:33 2.2.3 Twin city
00:18:43 2.2.3.1 Mayors of the City of Brooklyn
00:19:15 2.3 New York City borough
00:20:32 3 Geography
00:22:08 3.1 Boroughscape
00:22:16 3.2 Climate
00:23:11 4 Demographics
00:24:06 4.1 2010 Census
00:25:09 4.2 2012 estimates
00:28:09 4.3 Languages
00:30:07 5 Neighborhoods
00:31:06 5.1 Community diversity
00:31:47 5.1.1 Jewish American
00:32:44 5.1.2 Chinese American
00:33:35 5.1.3 Caribbean and African American
00:34:51 5.1.4 Latino American
00:35:57 5.1.5 Russian and Ukrainian American
00:36:39 5.1.6 Polish American
00:37:01 5.1.7 Italian American
00:37:27 5.1.8 Muslim American
00:38:26 5.1.9 Irish American
00:39:17 5.1.10 Greek American
00:39:45 5.1.11 Artists-in-residence
00:40:30 6 Government and politics
00:43:53 6.1 Federal representation
00:46:44 7 Economy
00:50:24 8 Culture
00:50:55 8.1 Cultural venues
00:52:24 8.2 Media
00:52:32 8.2.1 Local periodicals
00:54:03 8.2.2 Ethnic press
00:55:15 8.2.3 Television
00:55:36 8.3 Events
00:56:14 9 Parks and other attractions
00:59:31 9.1 Sports
01:02:44 9.1.1 Recreational Fishing
01:03:20 10 Transportation
01:03:29 10.1 Public transport
01:05:58 10.2 Roadways
01:08:58 10.3 Waterways
01:10:53 11 Education
01:12:00 11.1 Higher education
01:12:09 11.1.1 Public colleges
01:14:47 11.1.2 Private colleges
01:17:05 11.1.3 Community colleges
01:17:22 12 Brooklyn Public Library
01:18:44 13 Partnerships with districts of foreign cities
01:19:19 14 Hospitals and healthcare
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9273058329016688
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Brooklyn () is the most populous borough of New York City, with an estimated 2,648,771 residents in 2017. Named after the Dutch village of Breukelen, it borders the borough of Queens at the western end of Long Island. Brooklyn has several bridge and tunnel connections to the borough of Manhattan across the East River, and the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge connects it with Staten Island. Since 1896, Brooklyn has been coterminous with Kings County, the most populous county in the U.S. state of New York and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, after New York County (which is coextensive with the borough of Manhattan).With a land area of 71 square miles (180 km2) and water area of 26 square miles (67 km2), Kings County is New York state's fourth-smallest county by land area and third-smallest by total area, though it is the second-largest among the city's five boroughs. Today, if each borough were ranked as a city, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous in the U.S., after Los Angeles and Chicago.
Brooklyn was an independent incorporated city (and previously an authorized village and town within the provisions of the New York State Constitution) until January 1, 1898, when, after a long political campaign and public relations battle during the 1890s, according to the new Municipal Charter of Greater New York, Brooklyn was consolidated with the other cities, boroughs, and counties to form the modern City of New York, surrounding the Upper New York Bay with five constituent boroughs. The borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves. Brooklyn's official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght, which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength.
In the first decades of the 21st century, Brooklyn has experienced a renaissance as an avant garde destination for hipsters, with concomitant gentrification, dramatic house price increases, and a decrease in housi ...
Brooklyn | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Brooklyn
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Brooklyn () is the most populous borough of New York City, with a census-estimated 2,648,771 residents in 2017. Named after the Dutch village of Breukelen, it borders the borough of Queens, at the western end of Long Island. Brooklyn also has several bridge connections to the boroughs of Manhattan (across the East River) and Staten Island (across the Verrazano Narrows Bridge). Since 1896, the borough has been coterminous with Kings County, the most populous county in the U.S. state of New York and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, after the county of New York (which is coextensive with the borough of Manhattan).With a land area of 71 square miles (180 km2) and water area of 26 square miles (67 km2), Kings County is New York's fourth-smallest county by land area and third-smallest by total area, though it is the second-largest among the city's five boroughs. Today, if New York City dissolved, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous city in the U.S. after Los Angeles and Chicago.
Brooklyn was an independent incorporated city (and previously an authorized village and town within the provisions of the New York State Constitution) until January 1, 1898, when, after a long political campaign and public relations battle during the 1890s, according to the new Municipal Charter of Greater New York, Brooklyn was consolidated with the other cities, boroughs, and counties to form the modern City of New York, surrounding the Upper New York Bay with five constituent boroughs. The borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves. Brooklyn's official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght, which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength.
In the first decades of the 21st century, Brooklyn has experienced a renaissance as an avant garde destination for hipsters, with concomitant gentrification, dramatic house price increases, and a decrease in housing affordability. Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a thriving hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms, and of postmodern art and design.