Cagliari | Wikipedia audio article
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Cagliari
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Cagliari (UK: , US: ; Italian: [ˈkaʎʎari] (listen); Sardinian: Casteddu [kasˈteɖːu]; Latin: Caralis) is an Italian municipality and the capital of the island of Sardinia, an autonomous region of Italy. Cagliari's Sardinian name Casteddu literally means castle. It has about 155,000 inhabitants, while its metropolitan city (including Cagliari and 16 other nearby municipalities) has more than 431,000 inhabitants. According to Eurostat, the population of the Functional urban area, the commuting zone of Cagliari, rises to 476,974.
Cagliari is the 26th largest city in Italy and the largest city on the island of Sardinia.
An ancient city with a long history, Cagliari has seen the rule of several civilisations. Under the buildings of the modern city there is a continuous stratification attesting to human settlement over the course of some five thousand years, from the Neolithic to today. Historical sites include the prehistoric Domus de Janas, very damaged by cave activity, a large Carthaginian era necropolis, a Roman era amphitheatre, a Byzantine basilica, three Pisan-era towers and a strong system of fortification that made the town the core of Spanish Habsburg imperial power in the western Mediterranean Sea. Its natural resources have always been its sheltered harbour, the often powerfully fortified hill of Castel di Castro, the modern Casteddu, the salt from its lagoons, and, from the hinterland, wheat from the Campidano plain and silver and other ores from the Iglesiente mines.
Cagliari was the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia from 1324 to 1848, when Turin became the formal capital of the kingdom (which in 1861 became the Kingdom of Italy). Today the city is a regional cultural, educational, political and artistic centre, known for its diverse Art Nouveau architecture and several monuments. It is also Sardinia's economic and industrial hub, having one of the biggest ports in the Mediterranean Sea, an international airport, and the 106th highest income level in Italy (among 8,092 comuni), comparable to that of several northern Italian cities.It is also the seat of the University of Cagliari, founded in 1607, and of the Primate Roman Catholic archdiocese of Sardinia, since the 5th century AD.
Italian Americans | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Italian Americans
00:02:45 1 History
00:02:54 1.1 Early period (1492–1775)
00:07:08 1.2 War of Independence to Civil War (1775–1861)
00:11:39 1.3 Civil War and after (1861–90)
00:14:44 1.4 The period of mass immigration (1890–1920)
00:27:26 1.5 1917-1941
00:35:04 1.6 World War II
00:39:05 1.7 Wartime violation of Italian-American civil liberties
00:42:20 1.8 Post-World War II period
00:48:37 1.9 Close of the twentieth century
00:51:49 2 Politics
00:55:57 3 Business and economy
00:56:58 3.1 Workers
00:58:50 3.2 Women
01:04:17 4 Culture
01:07:10 4.1 Literature
01:13:06 4.2 Religion
01:16:56 4.2.1 Italian Jews
01:20:04 4.3 Education
01:21:23 4.4 Language
01:27:55 4.5 Newspapers
01:32:17 4.6 Folklore
01:34:15 5 Discrimination and stereotyping
01:40:52 6 Communities
01:43:01 6.1 New York City
01:46:25 6.2 Philadelphia
01:49:15 6.3 Boston
01:50:19 6.4 Newark
01:52:12 6.5 Saint Louis
01:52:21 6.6 Syracuse
01:53:42 6.7 Providence
01:54:34 6.8 Chicago
01:56:57 6.9 Cleveland
01:58:41 6.10 Milwaukee
01:59:39 6.11 Ybor City
02:00:57 6.12 Birmingham
02:01:39 6.13 San Francisco
02:02:10 6.14 Los Angeles
02:03:29 6.15 San Diego
02:04:43 7 Demographics
02:10:14 7.1 U.S. States with over 10% people of Italian ancestry
02:10:48 7.2 U.S. Communities with the most residents of Italian ancestry
02:13:05 8 Notable people
02:13:14 9 See also
02:13:55 10 References and notes
02:14:05 11 Bibliography
02:14:14 12 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Italian Americans (Italian: italoamericani or italo-americani [ˌitalo.ameriˈkaːni]) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans who have ancestry from Italy. Italian Americans are the seventh largest Census-reported ethnic group in the United States (which includes American ethnicity, an ethnonym used by many in the United States; overall, Italian Americans rank seventh, behind German American, African American, Irish American, Mexican American, English American, and American).About 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the United States from 1820 to 2004. By 1870, there were less than 25,000 Italian immigrants in America, many of them Northern Italian refugees from the wars that accompanied the Risorgimento—the struggle for Italian unification and independence from foreign rule. Immigration began to increase during the 1870s, when more than twice as many Italians immigrated (1870–79: 46,296) than during the five previous decades combined (1820–69: 22,627). The 1870s were followed by the greatest surge of immigration, which occurred between 1880 and 1914 and brought more than 4 million Italians to the United States, the great majority being from Southern Italy and Sicily, with most having agrarian backgrounds. This period of large scale immigration ended abruptly with the onset of the First World War in 1914 and, except for one year (1922), never fully resumed.
Further immigration was greatly limited by several laws Congress passed in the 1920s.Approximately 84% of the Italian immigrants came from the former Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. This was the poorest and least developed part of Italy, still largely rural and agricultural, where much of the populace had been impoverished by centuries of foreign misrule, and an oppressive taxation system imposed after Italian unification in 1861. After unification, the Italian government initially encouraged emigration to relieve economic pressures in the South. After the American Civil War, which resulted in over a half million killed or wounded, immigrant workers were recruited from Italy and elsewhere to fill the labor shortage caused by the war. In the United States, most Italians began their new lives as manual laborers in Eastern cities, mining camps and in agriculture.
The descendants of the Italian immigrants gradually rose from a lower economic class in the first generation to a level comparable to the national average by 1970. The Italian community has often been characterized by strong ties to family, the Roma ...