Royal Serbia - Look forward be a Monarchist
The House of Karađorđević (Serbian: Карађорђевићи, Serbian Latin: Karađorđevići; English: House of Karageorgevich) was a Serbian ruling dynasty descended from Karađorđe (George Petrović). The family had a long blood feud with the Obrenović dynasty. The dynasty lost the throne in November 1945 when the Communist party seized power in Yugoslavia. King Peter II never abdicated.
Karadjordje
Supreme Leader of the Serbs
Alexander
Reigning Prince of Serbia
Peter I
King of Serbia
Alexander I
King of Yugoslavia
Peter II
King of Yugoslavia
HRH Crown Prince Alexander II - lawfully King of Serbia
Look forward be a Monarchist!
Long live Kingdom of Serbia!
Bez kralja ne valja!
Zivela Kraljevina Srbija!
Long live Kingdom of Serbia!
Inside Stari Dvor Old Palace in Beograd
Sorry for the quick , short video., but didnt want to disturb the workers!
This massive building in the center of Belgrade is called Stari Dvor or OLD PALACE in English. This building served as the royal residence for the Obrenovic Dynasty. The palace was built around 1884 and is currently used by the City Assembly of Beograd.
My buddy and I were invited for an awards presentation to the tourism director of Grocka, Serbia. Beautiful place!
Draga Lunjevica Masin Obrenovic, Queen of Serbia
Draga Lunjevica was born on September 23, 1861 to a wealthy and prominent Serbian family,daughter of Panta Lunjevica, local leader of the Aranđelovac area.
Draga meaning dear in Serbian, was married to an engineer named Svetozar Mašin at the young of fifteen only to find herself widowed at eighteen. While serving as a lady in waiting to Queen Natalia of Serbia, Draga grew close to her son, King Alexander. Rumor had it they met when she saved his life when he almost drowned in a fountain in the palace gardens.
While Milan, Alexander's Father, sought the hand of a German or Austrian Princess for his son to marry in an effort to secure the succession to the throne, but also in hopes of validation and recognition from the older reigning dynasties of Europe, Alexander didn't want to marry a princess; he wanted Draga.
On paper, the facts were clear, Draga was fifteen years his senior, had been married before, and though high ranking, was a commoner. Needless to say, she was unsuitable. It didn't help that Draga's family was also known to be extremely ambitious.
To her credit, Draga was considered very intelligent. She spoke four languages, and was a member of the Serbian journalist society. Additionally, she had edited and written for Serbian newspapers during her time as a lady in waiting. A bibliophile, she was very well-read and interested in poetry.
Draga and Alexander were married on August 5, 1900. The bride was a mature thirty-eight, and the groom was only twenty-three. Needless to say, the marriage was incredibly unpopular. There were protests and riots, and Draga was widely seen as unsuitable to be queen. Even before the marriage, when Alexander had announced their engagement, public opinion turned against him. The young king was viewed as a besotted young fool in the power of a wicked seductress. The Serbian people had also been hoping for a foreign marriage to a member of a royal dynasty.
Though rumors of a pregnancy were widespread, Draga was privately known to be infertile. Because of her family's aspirations in place of a child of her own, Draga tried to have her younger brother named heir to the throne. Naturally, this was incredibly unpopular and the idea of a member of Draga's family sitting on the throne made the people furious.
Many of Alexander's problems were blamed on Draga; popular opinion had him as a weak and delusional young man being controlled by his evil temptress of a queen. Living in suspicion of many, Draga was terrified her enemies would poison her and had all of her food tasted.
Draga and Alexander's marriage began having problems only a year into it. His mother and other relatives were pressuring him to divorce Draga and marry someone more suitable. For her part, Draga thought Alexander was being corrupted by power and cared only for himself. But their marriage survived, partly out of Alexander's problems with his parent's separation when he was a child. Rumors were spread that Draga was trying to get her sister to have a baby and pass it off as her own. There was also a story that she had killed her first husband.
Things came to a head in March, 1903. There was widespread rioting around the royal residences, and a growing anti-monarchist movement throughout Serbia. Draga and Alexander became increasing paranoid as they found many of their friends and supporters abandoning them.
On June 10, 1903, Draga and Alexander dined with courtiers and members of Draga's family at the Old Palace in Belgrade. That night, a riot formed and the crowd was lead by military leaders to the palace.
Draga and Alexander heard the crowd approaching and, terrified, hid in a cupboard in Draga's bedroom. Draga's sisters and most of the court were murdered as the mob stormed the palace. Draga and Alexander hid all night holding each other and trying to keep themselves quiet.
They were found in the early hours of the morning and murdered. First they were shot and then they were stabbed and mutilated. Their naked bodies were thrown out the windows onto a pile of manure, and much of the palace was looted.
Крај династије Обреновић - Assassination of King Alexander and Queen Draga/오브레노비치 왕가의 종말
The End of the Obrenović Dynasty (Serbian: Крај династије Обреновић), is а Serbian historical drama television miniseries which depicts events that led to the May Overthrow and assassination of last Serbian king from the Obrenović dynasty, Alexander, and his close family.
알렉산다르 국왕은 드라가 왕비의 동생 니코디예 루녜비차 중위를 후계자로 선포하는 데 주저하지 않았고 니코디예 중위는 전 국왕 밀란 1세의 이모의 손녀 안카 오브레노비치 공주와 결혼했다.
이에 왕비의 동생이 왕위에 오르는 것을 방지하기 위해 육군 대령 드라구틴 디미트리예비치가 비밀 육군 장교 그룹인 흑수단을 조직하고 알렉산다르 국왕 대신 페타르 카라조르제비치를 새 국왕으로 모시기로 결정했고 후에는 반오스트리아 정서로 오스트리아-헝가리 제국의 황태자 프란츠 페르디난트 대공을 암살한다.
1903년 6월 11일 이른 아침 흑수단은 베오그라드 왕궁으로 쳐들어가 시종들을 살해했고 국왕 부부와 총리 니콜라 파시치는 침실의 비밀 벽장으로 숨었다. 한참 후 이젠 안전하다고 생각한 드라가 왕비가 도움을 요청했으나 이를 들은 흑수단이 다시 쳐들어와 수색을 펼쳐 국왕 부부를 찾아냈다.
국왕 알렉산다르와 드라가 왕비는 총에 맞아 암살되고 시체는 절단되고 배가 갈려 2층 창문에서 정원 비료 더미 위에 던져졌다고 하며 알렉산다르 1세 국왕과 드라가 마신 왕비의 시신은 베오그라드 성 마르카 교회에 안치되었다. 이후 흑수단의 추대로 페타르 카라조르제비치가 페타르 1세로 즉위하면서 오랫 동안 원수 지간이던 오브레노비치 가문과 카라조르제비치 가문이 알렉산다르 왕의 죽음으로 인하여 카라조르제비치 가문은 정권을 쥐게 되었다.
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The May Coup (Serbian: Мајски преврат, Majski prevrat) was a coup d'état in which Serbian King Alexander Obrenović and his wife, Queen Draga, were assassinated inside the Royal Palace in Belgrade on the night of 10–11 June [O.S. 28–29 May] 1903. This act resulted in the extinction of the House of Obrenović which had been ruling the Kingdom of Serbia since the middle of the 19th century. The assassination of the royal couple was organized by a group of army officers led by then-Captain Dragutin Dimitrijević Apis. After the May Coup, the Serbian throne passed to the rival House of Karađorđević. The coup had a significant influence on Serbia's relations with other European powers; the house of Obrenović was mostly allied to Austria-Hungary, while the Karađorđević dynasty had close ties both with Russia and France. Both dynasties were receiving financial support from their powerful foreign sponsors.
Along with the royal couple, the conspirators killed the Prime Minister Dimitrije Cincar-Marković, the Minister of the Army Milovan Pavlović and General-Adjutant Lazar Petrović.
King Petar I - Official Trailer [HD]
Serbian King - Petar I Karadjordjevic
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Black Hand (Serbia)
Black Hand (Serbia), by Wikipedia / CC BY SA 3.0
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Black Hand (Serbia)
Unification or Death (), popularly known as the Black Hand (Црна рука / Crna ruka), was a secret military society formed in 1901 by officers in the Army of the Kingdom of Serbia, best known for the conspiracy to assassinate the Serbian royal couple in 1903, under the aegis of Captain Dragutin Dimitrijević (aka Apis).
It was formed with the aim of uniting all of the territories with a South Slavic majority not ruled by either Serbia or Montenegro. Its inspiration was primarily the unification of Italy in 1859–70, but also that of Germany in 1871. Through its connections to the June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, which was committed by the members of youth movement Young Bosnia, the Black Hand is often viewed as having contributed to the start of World War I by precipitating the July Crisis of 1914, which eventually led to Austria-Hungary's invasion of the Kingdom of Serbia.
In August 1901, a group of lower officers headed by captain Dragutin Dimitrijević Apis established a conspiracy group (called the Black Hand in literature), against the dynasty. The first meeting was held on 6 September 1901. In attendance were captains Radomir Aranđelović, Milan F. Petrović, and Dragutin Dimitrijević, as well as lieutenants Antonije Antić, Dragutin Dulić, Milan Marinković, and Nikodije Popović. They made a plan to kill the royal couple—King Alexander I Obrenović and Queen Draga. Captain Apis personally led the group of Army officers who killed the royal couple in the Old Palace at Belgrade on the night of 28/29 May 1903 (Old Style).
On 8 October 1908...
Kingdom of Serbia
The Kingdom of Serbia (Serbian: Краљевина Србија / Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović, ruler of the Principality of Serbia, was crowned king in 1882. The Principality of Serbia was ruled by the Obrenović dynasty from 1817 onwards (at times replaced by the Karađorđević dynasty). The Principality, suzerain to the Porte, had expelled all Ottoman troops by 1867, de facto securing its independence. The Congress of Berlin in 1878 recognized the formal independence of the Principality of Serbia.
In 1918, Serbia joined with the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as Yugoslavia) under the rule of the Karađorđević dynasty.
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Alexander Karađorđević, Prince of Serbia
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Aleksandar Karađorđević was the prince of Serbia between 1842 and 1858.He was a member of the House of Karađorđević.
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Karađorđević dynasty
The House of Karađorđević Serbian pronunciation: [karadʑɔ̌ːrdʑɛʋitɕ] is a Serbian and European Dynastic Family, founded by Karađorđe Petrović, the Veliki Vožd (Grand Leader) of Serbia in the early 1800s during the First Serbian Uprising. The Dynasty name Karađorđević is derived from the name of the founder, Đorđe Karađorđe Petrović (Karadjorde = Black George and Petrovic = Peter's Son), and is typically spelled Karadjordjevic while pronunciation is roughly anglicized as Karageorgevitch, and was in previous times rendered also as Kara-Georgevitch.
The relatively short-lived dynasty had an ongoing blood feud with the Obrenović dynasty after Karađorđe's assassination in 1817, which was apparently authorized by Miloš Obrenović . The two Houses subsequently traded the throne for several generations.
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HIstory of Belgrade and Serbia - a period from 1800
Dvorovi Beograda - deo 1, Milosevi Konaci u Beogradu., Konak Kneginje Ljubice i MIlosev Konak na mestu danasnje Patrijarsije u BGDu koji je srusen 1847. godine
Istorija Srbije (Prvi, Drugi Srpski Ustanak)
Obrenovici i Karadjordjevici
Djordje Petrovic i Milos Obrenovic
Kingdom of Serbia | Wikipedia audio article
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Kingdom of Serbia
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SUMMARY
=======
The Kingdom of Serbia (Serbian: Краљевина Србија / Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Milan I, ruler of the Principality of Serbia, was proclaimed king in 1882.
Since 1817, the Principality was ruled by the Obrenović dynasty (replaced by the Karađorđević dynasty for a short time). The Principality, suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, de facto achieved full independence when the last Ottoman troops left Belgrade in 1867. The Congress of Berlin in 1878 recognized the formal independence of the Principality of Serbia, and in its composition Nišava, Pirot, Toplica and Vranje districts entered the South part of Serbia.
In 1882, King Milan I proclaimed the Kingdom of Serbia and maintained a foreign policy friendly to Austria-Hungary.
Between 1912 and 1913, Serbia greatly enlarged its territory through engagement in the First and Second Balkan Wars—Sandžak-Raška, Kosovo Vilayet and Vardar Macedonia were annexed. As outcome of the World War I in 1918 it united with Vojvodina and Kingdom of Montenegro. Towards the end of 1918, Serbia joined with the newly created State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs to form the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as Kingdom of Yugoslavia) under the continued rule of the Serbian Karađorđević dynasty.
Serbia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:50 1 Etymology
00:04:55 2 History
00:05:04 2.1 Prehistory
00:05:52 2.2 Ancient history
00:07:51 2.3 Middle Ages
00:09:33 2.4 Ottoman and Habsburg rule
00:11:47 2.5 Revolution and independence
00:14:24 2.6 Balkan Wars, World War I and the First Yugoslavia
00:18:39 2.7 World War II and the Second Yugoslavia
00:22:56 2.8 Breakup of Yugoslavia and political transition
00:26:18 2.9 Recent history
00:27:51 3 Geography
00:30:34 3.1 Climate
00:33:24 3.2 Hydrology
00:35:08 3.3 Environment
00:38:38 4 Politics
00:40:49 4.1 Law and criminal justice
00:41:51 4.2 Foreign relations
00:44:09 4.3 Military
00:46:09 4.4 Administrative divisions
00:47:23 5 Demographics
00:50:30 5.1 Religion
00:52:20 5.2 Language
00:53:33 6 Economy
00:56:35 6.1 Agriculture
00:58:34 6.2 Industry
01:00:46 6.3 Energy
01:04:36 6.4 Transport
01:08:27 6.5 Telecommunications
01:09:21 6.6 Tourism
01:10:45 7 Education and science
01:15:11 8 Culture
01:17:14 8.1 Art and architecture
01:20:16 8.2 Literature
01:25:29 8.3 Music
01:31:11 8.4 Theatre and cinema
01:34:31 8.5 Media
01:37:51 8.6 Cuisine
01:39:24 8.7 Sports
01:45:06 9 Public holidays
01:45:23 10 See also
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Serbia (Serbian: Србија / Srbija [sř̩bija]), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Република Србија / Republika Srbija [repǔblika sř̩bija]), is a country situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe in the southern Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. The sovereign state borders Hungary to the north, Romania to the northeast, Bulgaria to the southeast, Macedonia to the south, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the southwest. The country claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia numbers around 7 million residents. Its capital, Belgrade, ranks among the oldest and largest cities in southeastern Europe.Inhabited since the Paleolithic Age, the Slavic migrations to the Balkans in the 6th century established several sovereign states in the early Middle Ages which at times nominally recognized Byzantine, Frankish and Hungarian overrule. The Serbian Kingdom obtained recognition by the Vatican and Constantinople in 1217, reaching its peak in 1346 as a relatively short-lived Serbian Empire. By the mid-16th century, the entire modern-day Serbia was annexed by the Ottomans, at times interrupted by the Habsburg Empire, which started expanding towards Central Serbia from the end of the 17th century, while maintaining a foothold in modern-day Vojvodina. In the early 19th century, the Serbian Revolution established the nation-state as the region's first constitutional monarchy, which subsequently expanded its territory. Following disastrous casualties in World War I, and the subsequent unification of the former Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina (and other territories) with Serbia, the country co-founded Yugoslavia with other South Slavic peoples, which would exist in various political formations until the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s. During the breakup of Yugoslavia, Serbia formed a union with Montenegro, which was peacefully dissolved in 2006. In 2008, the parliament of the province of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence, with mixed responses from the international community.
Serbia is a member of the UN, CoE, OSCE, PfP, BSEC, CEFTA and it is acceding to the WTO. Since 2014 the country has been negotiating its EU accession with perspective of joining the European Union by 2025 and is the only country in the current enlargement agenda which is designated as free by Freedom House. Since 2007, Serbia formally adheres to the policy of military neutrality. An upper-middle income economy with a dominant service sector followed by the industrial sector and agriculture, the country ranks high by the Human Development Index (66th), Social Pr ...
Serbia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Serbia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Serbia (Serbian: Србија / Srbija [sř̩bija]), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Република Србија / Republika Srbija [repǔblika sř̩bija]), is a country situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe in the southern Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. The sovereign state borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; Macedonia to the south; Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west. The country claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia numbers around 7 million residents. Its capital, Belgrade, ranks among the oldest and largest cities in southeastern Europe.Following the Slavic migrations to the Balkans postdating the 6th century, Serbs established several sovereign states in the early Middle Ages which at times nominally recognized Byzantine, Frankish and Hungarian overrule. The Serbian Kingdom obtained recognition by the Vatican and Constantinople in 1217, reaching its peak in 1346 as a relatively short-lived Serbian Empire. By the mid-16th century, the entire modern-day Serbia was annexed by the Ottomans, at times interrupted by the Habsburg Empire, which started expanding towards Central Serbia from the end of the 17th century, while maintaining a foothold in modern-day Vojvodina. In the early 19th century, the Serbian Revolution established the nation-state as the region's first constitutional monarchy, which subsequently expanded its territory. Following disastrous casualties in World War I, and the subsequent unification of the former Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina (and other territories) with Serbia, the country co-founded Yugoslavia with other South Slavic peoples, which would exist in various political formations until the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s. During the breakup of Yugoslavia, the country declared independence in April 1992 as Serbia formed a union with Montenegro, which was peacefully dissolved in 2006. In 2008, the parliament of the province of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence, with mixed responses from the international community.
Serbia is a member of the UN, CoE, OSCE, PfP, BSEC, CEFTA and it is acceding to the WTO. Since 2014 the country has been negotiating its EU accession with perspective of joining the European Union by 2025 and is the only country in the current enlargement agenda which is designated as free by Freedom House. Since 2007, Serbia formally adheres to the policy of military neutrality. An upper-middle income economy with a dominant service sector followed by the industrial sector and agriculture, the country ranks high by the Human Development Index (66th), Social Progress Index (45th) as well as the Global Peace Index (54th).
Serbia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Serbia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Serbia (Serbian: Србија / Srbija [sř̩bija]), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Република Србија / Republika Srbija [repǔblika sř̩bija]), is a country situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe in the southern Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. The sovereign state borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; Macedonia to the south; Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west. The country claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia numbers around 7 million residents. Its capital, Belgrade, ranks among the oldest and largest cities in southeastern Europe.Following the Slavic migrations to the Balkans postdating the 6th century, Serbs established several sovereign states in the early Middle Ages which at times nominally recognized Byzantine, Frankish and Hungarian overrule. The Serbian Kingdom obtained recognition by the Vatican and Constantinople in 1217, reaching its peak in 1346 as a relatively short-lived Serbian Empire. By the mid-16th century, the entire modern-day Serbia was annexed by the Ottomans, at times interrupted by the Habsburg Empire, which started expanding towards Central Serbia from the end of the 17th century, while maintaining a foothold in modern-day Vojvodina. In the early 19th century, the Serbian Revolution established the nation-state as the region's first constitutional monarchy, which subsequently expanded its territory. Following disastrous casualties in World War I, and the subsequent unification of the former Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina (and other territories) with Serbia, the country co-founded Yugoslavia with other South Slavic peoples, which would exist in various political formations until the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s. During the breakup of Yugoslavia, the country declared independence in April 1992 as Serbia formed a union with Montenegro, which was peacefully dissolved in 2006. In 2008, the parliament of the province of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence, with mixed responses from the international community.
Serbia is a member of the UN, CoE, OSCE, PfP, BSEC, CEFTA and it is acceding to the WTO. Since 2014 the country has been negotiating its EU accession with perspective of joining the European Union by 2025 and is the only country in the current enlargement agenda which is designated as free by Freedom House. Since 2007, Serbia formally adheres to the policy of military neutrality. An upper-middle income economy with a dominant service sector followed by the industrial sector and agriculture, the country ranks high by the Human Development Index (66th), Social Progress Index (45th) as well as the Global Peace Index (54th).
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were shot dead in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, one of a group of six assassins (five Serbs and one Bosnian Muslim) coordinated by Danilo Ilić. The political objective of the assassination was to break off Austria-Hungary's south-Slav provinces so they could be combined into a Yugoslavia. The assassins' motives were consistent with the movement that later became known as Young Bosnia. The assassination led directly to the First World War when Austria-Hungary subsequently issued an ultimatum against Serbia, which was partially rejected. Austria-Hungary then declared war.
On top of these Serbian military conspirators was Chief of Serbian Military Intelligence Dragutin Dimitrijević, his righthand man Major Vojislav Tankosić, and the spy Rade Malobabić. Major Tankosić armed the assassins with bombs and pistols and trained them. The assassins were given access to the same clandestine network of safe-houses and agents that Rade Malobabić used for the infiltration of weapons and operatives into Austria-Hungary.
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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:19 1 Background
00:10:24 2 Preliminaries
00:10:33 2.1 Planning direct action
00:13:29 2.2 Franz Ferdinand chosen
00:16:52 2.3 Tunnel
00:22:12 2.4 Eve of the attacks
00:23:11 3 Assassination
00:23:20 3.1 Motorcade
00:24:54 3.2 Bombing
00:26:42 3.3 Town Hall reception
00:29:49 3.4 Fatal shooting
00:32:25 3.5 Funeral
00:33:23 3.6 Aftermath
00:35:26 4 Trials and punishment
00:35:36 4.1 Sarajevo trial (October 1914)
00:40:13 4.2 Salonika trial (spring 1917)
00:43:06 5 Controversy about responsibility
00:43:16 5.1 Serbia's warning to Austria-Hungary
00:47:13 5.2 Rade Malobabić
00:49:57 5.3 Black Hand or Serbian military intelligence?
00:52:19 5.4 The newspaper clipping
00:53:48 5.5 Narodna Odbrana
00:54:36 5.6 Milan Ciganović
00:56:01 5.7 Russian military attaché's office
00:57:39 6 Consequences
01:01:53 7 Today
01:04:39 8 In popular culture
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
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The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and Franz Ferdinand's wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, occurred on 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo when they were mortally wounded by Gavrilo Princip. Princip was one of a group of six assassins (five Serbs and one Bosniak) coordinated by Danilo Ilić, a Bosnian Serb and a member of the Black Hand secret society. The political objective of the assassination was to break off Austria-Hungary's South Slav provinces so they could be combined into a Yugoslavia. The conspirators' motives were consistent with the movement that later became known as Young Bosnia. The assassination led directly to World War I when Austria-Hungary subsequently issued an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia, which was partially rejected. Austria-Hungary then declared war on Serbia, triggering actions leading to war between most European states.
In charge of these Serbian military conspirators was Chief of Serbian Military Intelligence Dragutin Dimitrijević, his right-hand man Major Vojislav Tankosić, and the spy Rade Malobabić. Tankosić armed the assassins with bombs and pistols and trained them. The assassins were given access to the same clandestine network of safe-houses and agents that Malobabić used for the infiltration of weapons and operatives into Austria-Hungary.
The assassins, the key members of the clandestine network, and the key Serbian military conspirators who were still alive were arrested, tried, convicted and punished. Those who were arrested in Bosnia were tried in Sarajevo in October 1914. The other conspirators were arrested and tried before a Serbian court on the French-controlled Salonika Front in 1916–1917 on unrelated false charges; Serbia executed three of the top military conspirators. Much of what is known about the assassinations comes from these two trials and related records.
Serbia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Serbia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Serbia (Serbian: Србија / Srbija [sř̩bija]), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Република Србија / Republika Srbija [repǔblika sř̩bija]), is a country situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe in the southern Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. The sovereign state borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; Macedonia to the south; Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west. The country claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia numbers around 7 million residents. Its capital, Belgrade, ranks among the oldest and largest cities in southeastern Europe.Following the Slavic migrations to the Balkans postdating the 6th century, Serbs established several sovereign states in the early Middle Ages which at times nominally recognized Byzantine, Frankish and Hungarian overrule. The Serbian Kingdom obtained recognition by the Vatican and Constantinople in 1217, reaching its peak in 1346 as a relatively short-lived Serbian Empire. By the mid-16th century, the entire modern-day Serbia was annexed by the Ottomans, at times interrupted by the Habsburg Empire, which started expanding towards Central Serbia from the end of the 17th century, while maintaining a foothold in modern-day Vojvodina. In the early 19th century, the Serbian Revolution established the nation-state as the region's first constitutional monarchy, which subsequently expanded its territory. Following disastrous casualties in World War I, and the subsequent unification of the former Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina (and other territories) with Serbia, the country co-founded Yugoslavia with other South Slavic peoples, which would exist in various political formations until the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s. During the breakup of Yugoslavia, the country declared independence in April 1992 as Serbia formed a union with Montenegro, which was peacefully dissolved in 2006. In 2008, the parliament of the province of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence, with mixed responses from the international community.
Serbia is a member of the UN, CoE, OSCE, PfP, BSEC, CEFTA and it is acceding to the WTO. Since 2014 the country has been negotiating its EU accession with perspective of joining the European Union by 2025 and is the only country in the current enlargement agenda which is designated as free by Freedom House. Since 2007, Serbia formally adheres to the policy of military neutrality. An upper-middle income economy with a dominant service sector followed by the industrial sector and agriculture, the country ranks high by the Human Development Index (66th), Social Progress Index (45th) as well as the Global Peace Index (54th).