148. Almaly Underground Shopping Mall
Almaly is an underground shopping mall. It is located under the New Square. Its total area is 25 thousand square meters. The shopping mall consists of two floors with trade areas and 3 levels of parking. There are more than 70 boutiques, food courts, restaurants and a cinema in the mall.
There is an underground passage hall connecting the shopping mall and the entrance on Satpayev Street. There are 10 national souvenirs’ and accessories’ boutiques in that hall.
Almaly shopping mall is like an underground palace with soundless escalators that transport visitors from one floor to another. The mall is lit with a soft daylight penetrating through the glass dome roof. The domes became the characteristic feature decorating the Republic Square.
Visitors can reach the parking place via several entrances of the mall.
There is a Presidential Residence, Almaty Administration office, the Republic Square with two big business centers, Intercontinental Hotel, universities and other organizations near the mall.
ON PASSE LA FRONTIÈRE DU KAZAKHSTAN ! - Voyage en auto-stop Marseille-Bangkok (S3, Ép5)
On quitte l'Ouzbékistan, pays dans lequel j'aurais passé 11 jours, et on dit également au revoir à Madina, notre hôte de Tachkent ! On va passer la frontière pour rejoindre le Kazakhstan, un nouveau pays ! Direction... Almaty !
N'hésitez pas à suivre l'aventure sur mon Instagram :
Mon matos :
➡️ Sac à dos Forclaz Travel 500, 50L :
➡️ Tente MSR Hubba Hubba NX Argent :
➡️ Matelas gonflable :
➡️ Batterie solaire :
➡️ Caméra/Appareil photo Canon G7X Mark II :
➡️ Ordinateur Asus Zenbook 15.6'' :
#kazakhstan #almaty #hitchhiking
The New Silk Road: Khorgos reemerges as the transit hub between the east and west
신 실크로드의 중심 카자흐스탄을 가다
Kazakhstan.
The largest country in Central Asia boasts abundant oil and natural gas reserves.
It also enjoys a geographical advantage.
Being located between China and Europe... enabled it to serve as a gateway connecting the East and West along the Silk Road.
Kim Hyesung has more on the significant role Kazakhstan can still play as a key trading hub for the world.
Deserts and a sea of endless peaks... of the snow-topped Tianshan mountains.
It's the silk road, an ancient trade route connecting the East and West.
And now, a revival.
One of the last sections of the Western Europe-Western China Highway linking China, Kazakhstan and Russia has been completed this September.
(Standup)
With the new road open, now it takes about four hours by car from Almaty to Khorgos, Kazakhstan's border with China.
The highway is part of the One Belt One Road Initiative, proposed by China in 2013 to recreate the silk road by connecting land and sea ports, covering more than 60 countries that account for a third of the world GDP. The 130-hectare Khorgos Gateway, lying at the heart of Euraisa, is the second largest dry port in the world.
(standup)
Here at the Khorgos Gateway, four to five trains from China arrive everyday, shipping all kinds of goods, from food to the latest in consumer electronics.
While the highway is awaiting completion in Russia to officially begin operation, trains have already started shuttling goods between China and Germany, along the 11,000-kilometer long rail route.
Shipping them via sea lanes takes up to 50 days, but using the railway requires only around 15 days,... increasing transport efficiency.
Once the highway connecting China and Russia is open, road travel between the continents is expected to take around 10 days.
Having processed 2 million tons of cargo last year, the Khorgos dry port is working to handle more.
(English)
Our main goal is to become a regional logistic hub. By 2020, we will reach the project capcity which is 540,000 TEUs per year.
Khorgos is also becoming a thriving commercial market of its own.
At the shared free trade zone, Kazakh and Chinese people can cross the border with out a visa, buy goods at thousands of stores, including food, clothes and even Korean cosmetics tax-free.
(Chinese)
I come here from China every day. It's visited by more than 10 thousand people a day. Over the last three years, sales have doubled almost every year.
Free flow of goods and people.
For Kazakhstan, the ninth largest largest country in the world, the One Belt One Road Initiative is an opportunity to diversify its economy.
(English)
landlocked country, before... it was very difficult, Because of the decrease of logistical costs, other sectors of economy like manufacturing became very attractive for the foreign direct investment.
And companies, like Dongsung, are hitching a ride on the boom.
(Korean)
We commissioned a third of the road connecting Almaty and Khorgos. Kazakhstan's developing rapidly, and with more infrastructure projects underway, there are more opportunities for Korean companies to do business here.
(Korean)
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, countries in Eurasia that used to be isolated are slowly reconnecting with the world. At a time when the global economy is slowing down, the new silk road won't just make transportation more efficient, and increase exchanges of goods and energy resources, it will also drive the global economy and mark an important chapter of modern history.
The one-trillion dollar One Belt One Road project is still in its initial stages, but a glimpse of that future is already beeing seen in Khorgos, once again connecting the east and west as a vibrant transit hub.
Kim Hyesung, Arirang News, Khorgos.
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OUR FAVORITE ROOM EVER | Amazon Luxury Cruise
THIS ADVENTURE MADE POSSIBLE BY: DELFIN AMAZON CRUISES
We said goodbye to our friends at Otorongo Expeditions Lodge and boarded the biggest ship on the Amazon River - the Delfin III. We were upgraded to the Owner's suite which we officially call our favorite room ever!
Learn more about becoming a Patron!
***TRAVEL VLOG 344***
Music:
First song - “Some Things Don't Change” by Bonus Points
Second song - “Put Your Hands Together” by Andrew Applepie:
|
Originally from Nashville, Tennessee, we got married June 2013 and quickly caught the travel bug! We started traveling full-time January 10, 2016. While daily vlogging was not the original plan, we were having way too many cool experiences not to share every single day! Now travel vlogging is our full-time gig and we feel like we have the greatest job in the world! We are incredibly thankful to do something we love every day. :)
We’ve pulled inspiration from several of our favorite travel vloggers on YouTube, such as: +CaseyNeistat +FunForLouis +Jon Olsson +Mr Ben Brown , and any other talented travel vloggers that YouTube’s algorithm will hopefully connect us with ;)
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Astana, Kazakhstan - September 5, 2016: Astana Opera Theater. Time Lapse
Here you can buy this movie without watermark and in high resolution (1920x1080, as well as most of the available resolution 4K)
Я присутствую на стоках, тут можно приобрести данное видео без ватермарка и в хорошем разрешении (1920x1080, а так же, большинство доступно в разрешении 4K)
Hazrat Sultan Mosque. Day. Almaty, Kazakhstan. TimeLapse
Here you can buy this movie without watermark and in high resolution (1920x1080, as well as most of the available resolution 4K)
Я присутствую на стоках, тут можно приобрести данное видео без ватермарка и в хорошем разрешении (1920x1080, а так же, большинство доступно в разрешении 4K)
The Secrets of the Ascension Cathedral. Reflections on history
This is a chilling story. It happened in the late 60s. The former bishop's house was destroyed because it was considered damaging the architectural view of the city. When the workers were clearing the area of the ruins, one of them found an entrance to an underground tunnel, entered it and saw a frightening sight...
The best of Baku, Azerbaijan, Travel Vlog
Welcome to the Fam❤️
♥︎Chat with me on social media♥︎
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Camera → Sony
Editing →Final Cut Pro X
Produced by → Stylishchameleon
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LNT in HAPPY ART MUSEUM CriticalTemperature expo I.Jaunberga's 50art to08.09 @ Galleria Riga
Ilze Jaunberga's personal exhibition of 50 paintings, CRITICAL TEMPERATURE!
will open on August 08 18:30 at the HAPPY ART MUSEUM hall @
most glamour Baltics entertainment & shopping centre Passage GALLERIA RIGA
Dzirnavu street 67. 5floor 350m2 12.00-21.00 seven days a week free entree, in Rīga..
Since 2004, Ilze Jaunberga has developed her professional career in Italy, thanks to the support and production work of art manager ENZO ROSSI-Ròiss (Associazione Culturale ITALO-BALTICA).
Since receiving her master's degree in painting from the Latvian Academy of 2005, Ilze Jaunberga (b. 1978) has each year, late in February or early in March (depending on the Lenten calendar of the church), taken part in the carnival in Venice. Ilze says that she loves the experience of this hypnotic crowd, this phantasmagorical atmosphere, and she enjoys them together with Compagnia de Calza I Antichi. Later, she produces paintings on the basis of what she has experienced. People from the company are seen in the paintings. They are, for instance, the ones who organise the most elegant ball at the carnival, La Cavalchina. It is held at the conclusion of the carnival at the Venetian opera house, La Fenice.
It is a world with its own rules of the game. Ancient masks have individual codes of behaviour. There are paradoxes, illusions, improvisations and theatricality. Aesthetics at the Venice carnival are always flirting and engaging in infantile merriment, says Ilze Jaunberga, adding that when she meets the truest Venetians, that is a fateful issue for her. The fact is that the aesthetics of the carnival have tempted her since childhood, and once she began to travel to Italy, a childhood friend reminded her: You have been talking about Venice and the carnival there as long as I can remember.
Art scientist, critic INGA ŠTEIMANE says that the criteria for Ilze Jaunberga's oil paintings are close to an understanding of quattrocento colours, which means that the games of colour are not the main thing in paintings. Of importance instead is to demonstrate form and mood. The artist's approach toward colour is similar to that of LEONARDO (1452-1519), who wrote in his Tractate „[..] but colours honour only those who manufacture them, for in them there is no cause for wonder except their beauty, and their beauty is not to the credit of the painter, but of him who has made them. A subject can be dressed in ugly colours and still astouned those who contemplate it, because of the illusion of relief. The use of white, which is also typical in Ilze Jaunberga's paintings, is a reference to the architect and humanist ALBERTI (1404-1472), who argued that one-third of each artwork should be white so that the entire object might appear to be happy and easily perceived (comparascente),
All of the wandering dolls in Ilze Jaunberga's paintings represent her alter ego, arguing that this is not just a formal ready-made element, but also an image which points to various aspects of influential discourse in an emotional way. This is something that was criticised by KARL POPPER (1902-1994), who said that he saw the greatest danger in pessimism, in long-lasting attempts to convince young people that they live in a bad world. Popper insisted that in historical terms, we (as far as I am concerned) live in the best world that there has ever been. Of course, it is a bad world because there is a better one, and life forces us to seek the better world. This search for a better world is something that we must continue.
Italy - US marines help in mudslide aftermath
T/I: 10:55:37
About 20 US Marines from Naples on Friday (8/5) joined rescue efforts in southern Italy, which has been devastated by mudslides that claimed at least 87 lives. The marines arrived with two fuel trucks, a mechanical digger, a refrigerated truck and large tents for the rescue workers. But hopes of finding alive the 208 people still missing are fading. Heavy rain sent tonnes of mud gushing down from mountains four
days ago, engulfing several villages.
SHOWS:
SARNO, ITALY 8/5
VS of debris;
pan of the scene;
MS of rescue workers looking on as a bulldozer removes mud;
ms of the rescue effort;
WS of the destruction;
MS of helicopter;
Vs of locals pitching in to clear the mud and debris;
MS of Italian soldier with sniffer dog which is used to detect life under the mud;
Ms of bulldozers moving earth;
VS of the dogs looking for survivors;
VS of the rescue crews;
vs of the destruction;
Pan of the scene;
cu of dog;
3.29
You can license this story through AP Archive:
Find out more about AP Archive:
Outside of Prada Cafe Kiev Ukraine
Vika, Alec, and Yulia after hanging out at Prada Cafe.
Uzbekistan - Culture & Traditions
Uzbekistan is a country in Central Asia, once a crucial 'hub' on the Silk Road. This is the region's cradle of culture for more than two millennia, where cities like Samarkand and Bukhara evoke images of once great empires. Rulers like Genghis Khan and Timur, however ruthless their rule, seem to resonate in many corners of Uzbekistan. Before becoming part of the Russian empire in the 19th century, Uzbekistan was conquered by nomads who spoke Eastern Turkic languages, which is the foundation of today's Uzbek language.
In the 20th century, Uzbekistan became part of the Soviet Union until it collapsed in the early 90s. Surprisingly, many people have managed to hold on to their traditional culture, despite the long Russian influence. Islam is still the main religion, and the vast majority of the population are Muslim.
In 2013, I traveled across Uzbekistan, visiting places like Khiva, Bukhara, Samarkand, Tashkent, and the Fergana Valley. Despite the current political and economic situation in the country, the Uzbek people I met remained good spirited, and showed an incredible hospitality.
The people of Uzbekistan are the main theme in this clip, at work, in restaurants, in busy bazaars, and other places.
I used a traditional song to accompany the images.
Copyright of all footage: Hoffer Media
Living in Krakow: Medical Centers
Krakow touts free medical care for its citizens. Public facilities are staffed with well trained and highly intelligent health professionals, but long waiting times and language barriers may cause the expatriate to turn to private clinics and hospitals while living in Krakow. This video and the links below are provided to give you more information about your private health care options in Krakow.
Be a part of our Krakow expat community on facebook:
If you are an expatriate, you will definitely enjoy our city guide videos
Move One is dedicated to providing seamless services for all aspects of international relocation. We offer door to door moving, fine art shipping, pet transportation and personalized relocation assistance (including but not limited to home search, school search, settling-in and immigration services)
To learn about our services, visit our website:
For interesting news from the industry, visit our blog:
Поехавшие в Казахстан
Главные герои видео решили оторваться по полной и уехали (поехали) на две недели вниз по Волге, посещая при этом все крупные города от Казани до Астрахани, а также такие необычные места, как озеро Эльтон различными методами: от трейнхопа до банальной поездки в пассажирском поезде на боковушке. Но этого им оказалось мало и они решили напоследок свалить в Казахстан. Более подробно можно прочитать ниже:
Отчёт о поездке с фотографиями:
Главные события по тайм-кодам:
0:00 — старт с Казанского вокзала
1:06 — приезд в Куровское
2:21 — трейнхоп с Куровского
6:10 — остановка в Вековке
8:15 — трейнхоп с Вековки практически в Казань
10:29 — табличка Республика Татарстан
10:50 — проезд моста через Волгу близ Зеленодольска
11:25 — нас кто-то спалил
12:20 — сход с товарняка на ходу близ Казани
13:00 — на электричке в Казань
14:56 — прибыли в Казань
16:11 — гуляем по Казани
17:30 — спускаемся в Казанский метрополитен
18:36 — встречаем друга и ночуем у него
19:00 — попытка поймать поезд на Ульяновск
22:01 — автостоп в Ульяновск
22:21 — прибытие в Ульяновск
23:21 — карта и три дня на даче
23:51 — едем на автобусе в Сызрань
24:01 — приехали в Сызрань
24:30 — едем трейнхопом из Сызрани на Самару
26:50 — проезд Сызранского моста через Волгу
28:36 — сход с товарняка на ходу близ Новокуйбышевска
29:51 — гуляем по Самаре
30:36 — котики ^_^
32:11 — говно!
32:26 — спускаемся в Самарский метрополитен
34:55 — спор с метробабкой
36:36 — котик ^_^
36:55 — покупка билетов на электричку
37:41 — садимся в электричку
38:51 — выходим из электрички
39:26 — автостоп в Сызрань
39:46 — выбираем состав в Сызрани
44:30 — едем трейнхопом из Сызрани на Саратов
47:54 — смена вагона
48:55 — прибыли в Сенной и меняем состав
51:02 — едем трейнхопом из Сенного в Саратов
52:55 — прибыли в Саратов
54:40 — гуляем по Саратову
56:21 — выбираем состав, чтобы уехать из Саратова
58:40 — едем трейнхопом из Саратова
1:00:03 — начинается самое интересное!
1:01:10 — продолжение движения
1:02:16 — встреча с остальными
1:03:01 — минус один человек
1:03:36 — подъезжаем к Петрову Валу
1:04:11 — сход с товарняка на ходу в Петровом Валу
1:05:01 — едем в Камышин
1:05:20 — ищем грузовой паром в Камышине
1:05:40 — нашли!
1:05:45 — отплываем
1:07:05 — приплыли
1:07:21 — автостоп в Эльтон
1:09:20 — прибыли в Эльтон, идём к озеру
1:12:10 — покупка билетов в Астрахань
1:13:11 — ходим по озеру
1:14:00 — идём на вокзал
1:14:45 — звонок в Дом Для Всех
1:16:30 — печать купленных билетов
1:18:01 — посадка в поезд дальнего следования
1:19:51 — приезд в Астрахань
1:21:10 — поиск Дома Для Всех
1:22:50 — автостоп в Казахстан
1:23:40 — пограничный контроль
1:24:06 — продолжаем ловить машины в Казахстане
1:24:41 — приезд в нужное место
1:24:56 — погоня за ежом
1:27:00 — поход по Каспийскому морю
1:28:00 — дорога обратно в Россию
1:28:31 — гуляем по Астрахани
1:30:50 — говно!
1:30:56 — пришли Домой
1:31:51 — покидаем Дом Для Всех и едем в Волгоград
1:35:27 — приезд в Волгоград
1:35:46 — поездка на Волгоградском метротраме
1:39:06 — осмотр Мамаева Кургана
1:42:31 — встреча с гопниками
1:43:16 — в отделении полиции
1:44:51 — спор с дежурным
1:45:50 — внезапное освобождение
1:46:36 — автобусом до железной дороги
1:47:01 — пытаемся поймать составы в нужную сторону
1:47:20 — попытка №1
1:48:00 — попытка №2
1:48:20 — попытка №3
1:48:25 — попытка №4
1:49:20 — успешное запрыгивание в товарняк на ходу
1:50:48 — смена вагона в Фролово
1:51:45 — остановка в Михайловке
1:52:30 — смена вагона
1:54:46 — рассуждения о дальнейших действиях
1:56:16 — вылезаем из вагона
1:57:57 — минус один человек
1:58:51 — выбор поезда и нужного вагона
2:01:25 — еду трейнхопом на север
2:03:05 — приезд в Новоаннинский и покидание состава
2:04:31 — автостоп в Москву
2:04:37 — приезд домой
2:05:05 — подведение итогов
Музыка из видео:
Nelver — Be Oneself (Original mix)
ILLENIUM — Souls
September — La La La (Never Give It Up)
ZEDION — Radiance
UnderWaterBeats — Hot Water
UnderWaterBeats — Touch the stars
Rollz — Triple A (Original Mix)
Astana - StanTrip 2017 - Abletr w Podróży #12
Salam alejkum!
W końcu, długo wyczekiwany moment nastał i dzisiaj przed Nami pierwszy odcinek z wyprawy do Azji Środkowej - Astana, czyli tłumacząc z kazachskiego po prostu stolica, i to taka na wypasie. Zobaczcie sami!
Zapraszam na:
facebook.com/abletr
instagram.com/abletr
Snapchat: abletr
Comment s'EXPATRIER en ESTONIE ? 0 IMPÔTS / DIVIDENDES - (Jonathan RIGOTTIER)
Si vous souhaitez créer votre entreprise en Estonie, découvrez toutes les étapes pour s'expatrier en Estonie en cliquant ici :
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ FORMATIONS OFFERTES ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
2500€ / jour avec Youtube - Instagram - Google - Facebook :
Fiscalité : 0% d'impôts :
Vivre de son Business Internet en 1h / jour :
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ FORMATIONS de MAXENCE RIGOTTIER ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
1. Club Privé Business - Gagnez au moins 2000€ / mois avec GOOGLE - INSTAGRAM - YOUTUBE - FACEBOOK :
2. Patrimoine en Or - 0% d'IMPÔTS :
3. Séminaire Business Internet (B.I.O) - 3000€ / mois :
4. Revenus Passifs : 100€ / jour :
5. Investissement - Gagnez 30% de R.O.I / an en 5 minutes / mois :
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ MES OUTILS ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Les logiciels que j'utilise pour mes Business en Ligne :
Créer un site e-commerce avec Shopify :
Créer des tunnels de vente avec Clickfunnels :
Alternative à Clickfunnels en Français :
Transférer son argent avec moins de 1% de frais :
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Découvrez la collection Business de la boutique de Maxence Rigottier :
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☛ ★ Comment me suivre :
=======================
1. Retrouvez-moi sur mon site Web ici :
2. Abonnez-vous à la chaîne Youtube ici :
3. Likez ma page Facebook ici :
4. Retrouvez-moi sur SNAPCHAT : maxrigottier
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Récapitulatif de la vidéo ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
La fiscalité est plus allégée. Beaucoup moins de bureaucratie à gérer.
Qu'est ce que Romain n'aimait pas en France et les premières impressions sur l'Estonie ?
Il voulait changer d'environnement et quitter sa zone de confort.
L'Estonie est un des pays les plus souples pour développer son activité.
Combien coûte la création d'une société en Estonie ?
Il faut louer un appartement pour avoir une adresse, et en 5 jours vous aurez votre carte de résident et créer votre société.
Faites les démarches internet. Payez 200€ et vous recevrez un email dans l'heure qui suit avec les informations pour
ouvrir votre compte bancaire.
Il n'y a pas d'impôt sur les sociétés en Estonie. Versez vous un petit salaire pour bénéficier de la couverture sociale.
Vous pouvez vous verser l'argent en dividende.
Quels sont les avantages et les inconvénients en Estonie ?
Passer dans un système qui aide les entrepreneurs.
Le climat serait un point négatif.
Au niveau de l'alimentation, vous retrouverez tout ce qu'il faut.
Les transports sont totalement gratuits pour les résidents.
Est ce un pays ou l'on est en sécurité ?
L'insécurité n'est pas présente.
Quel est le ressenti sur les activités à faire sur place ?
Les activités sont diverses et variées. Il y'a plein de centres commerciaux.
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ LIEN DE LA VIDÉO ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Большой развлекательный центр — аттракцион лабиринт купить
Вы хотите узнать больше аттракцион лабиринт? Откройте здесь:
Там есть различные отличные недорогие аттракционы лабиринты для продажи из Китая!
Queens, New York - Heavy Flooding/Car Accident/Highway Shut Down
Queens, New York felt all the effects of this weekends coastal storm. Flooding at high tide in the New York City neighborhood of Howard Beach as well as Flooding on the Cross Island Parkway in Bayside from the heavy rainfall causing a multi car crash.
Simulation Centre in Odessa National Medical University
Simulation Centre in Odessa National Medical University
Kosovo | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kosovo
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
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SUMMARY
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Kosovo (; Albanian: Kosova Albanian pronunciation: [kɔˈsɔva] or Kosovë; Serbian Cyrillic: Косово Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [kôsoʋo]), officially the Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: Republika e Kosovës; Serbian: Република Косово / Republika Kosovo), is a partially recognised state and disputed territory in Southeastern Europe. It declared independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008.
Covering an area of 10,908 square kilometres (4,212 sq mi), Kosovo is a landlocked territory in the Balkan Peninsula, bordered by Albania to the southwest, the Republic of Macedonia to the southeast, Montenegro to the west and the uncontested territory of Serbia to the north and east. Due to its strategic position in the Balkan Peninsula, it serves as an important link in the connection between Central and Southern Europe, the Adriatic Sea and the Black Sea. Its capital and largest city is Pristina, while other major urban areas include Prizren, Peć and Ferizaj. While Serbia recognises administration of the territory by Kosovo's elected government, it continues to claim it as its own Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija.
The history of Kosovo dates back to the Paleolithic era, represented by the Vinča and Starčevo cultures. During the Classical period, it was inhabited by the Illyrian-Dardanian and Celtic people. In 168 BC, the area was annexed by the Romans. In the Middle Ages, it was conquered by the Byzantine, Bulgarian and Serbian Empires. The Battle of Kosovo of 1389 is considered to be one of the defining moments in Serbian medieval history. The region was the core of the Serbian medieval state, which has also been the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church from the 14th century, when its status was upgraded to a patriarchate.Kosovo was part of the Ottoman Empire from the 15th to the early 20th century. In the late 19th century, it became the centre of the Albanian National Awakening. Following their defeat in the Balkan Wars, the Ottomans ceded Kosovo to Serbia and Montenegro. Both countries joined Yugoslavia after World War I, and following a period of Yugoslav unitarianism in the Kingdom, the post-World War II Yugoslav constitution established the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija within the Yugoslav constituent Republic of Serbia. Tensions between Kosovo's Albanian and Serb communities simmered through the 20th century and occasionally erupted into major violence, culminating in the Kosovo War of 1998 and 1999, which resulted in the withdrawal of the Yugoslav Army and the establishment of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo.
On 17 February 2008, Kosovo unilaterally declared its independence from Serbia. It has since gained diplomatic recognition as a sovereign state by 113 UN member states. Serbia refuses to recognize Kosovo as a state, although with the Brussels Agreement of 2013, it has accepted the legitimacy of its institutions. Kosovo has a lower-middle-income economy and has experienced solid economic growth over the last decade by international financial institutions, and has experienced growth every year since the onset of the 2008 global financial crisis. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, Regional Cooperation Council and has applied for membership of Interpol and for observer status in the Organisation of the Islamic Cooperation.