Communists Murdered Striking Coal Miners in Poland
KATOWICE--In this interview with The New American magazine, a press officer for the Silesian Freedom and Solidarity Center details how communist troops massacred coal miners for going on strike. The horror unfolded at the Wujek coal mine. Ironically, less then four decades later, communists at the UN COP24 climate summit in Poland were demanding that coal be kept in the ground to save humanity from alleged man-made global warming.
More from COP24:
UN Climate Alarmists Angry at Trump Amid Push to Transform World:
Trump Trolls UN Climate Summit With Event Promoting Oil, Coal:
Gore Effect: Blizzard as UN Meets to Save Humanity from Global Warming:
UN Double Standards at Anti-Trump Protest Slammed by CFACT's Craig Rucker:
At UN COP24 Climate Summit, Frantic Globalists Work to Restrict Liberty:
Climate Skeptics Crash the UN Warmist Party in Poland:
Global Warming Bandwagon Coming Apart, Says Marc Morano:
UN Bans Journalist From COP24 Climate Summit at Request of Canada’s Trudeau Regime:
Calif. Senator: Companies Want to “Make Money” in “Climate Arena”
More news at:
Facebook:
Twitter:
Find The New American on Oneway!
Ludobójstwo: Animowany film dokumentalny Arkadiusza Olszewskiego. Genocide [SUBS]
► Przekaż nam 1% swojego podatku: KRS 0000406677
► WSPIERAJ MEDIA NARODOWE:
Stowarzyszenie Marsz Niepodległości nr rach.
34 1020 1013 0000 0602 0352 8726
W tytule koniecznie proszę wpisać: Darowizna na cele statutowe stowarzyszenia
Kod SWIFT (dla wpłat z zagranicy): BPKOPLPW
► Wesprzyj poprzez PayPal (także płatność kartą):
► Wesprzyj wysyłając SMS o treści MEDIA na numer 73550 (koszt 3.69 PLN z VAT)
Regulamin dot SMS-ów
► Wszystkich, którzy chcą działać w Rotach Niepodległości zapraszamy tu:
► WALCZ Z POPRAWNOŚCIĄ POLITYCZNĄ I CENZURĄ!
Chcesz otrzymywać powiadomienia na temat prowadzonej przez nas działalności? Zapisz się do newslettera.
► CZYTAJ:
► OBSERWUJ:
► SZUKAJ NAS NA FB:
Nie byłoby Mediów Narodowych gdyby nie setki ludzi, którzy wspierają nas finansowo.
Wiele osób nie zdaje sobie sprawy, jak wielkie koszty finansowe wszyscy ponosimy.
Z góry dziękujemy za wszelką udzieloną pomoc. ► Pomóż nam i przekaż 1% swojego podatku: KRS 0000406677
► WSPIERAJ MEDIA NARODOWE:
Stowarzyszenie Marsz Niepodległości nr rach.
34 1020 1013 0000 0602 0352 8726
W tytule koniecznie proszę wpisać: Darowizna na cele statutowe stowarzyszenia
Kod SWIFT (dla wpłat z zagranicy): BPKOPLPW
► Wesprzyj poprzez PayPal (także płatność kartą):
► Wesprzyj wysyłając SMS o treści MEDIA na numer 73550 (koszt 3.69 PLN z VAT)
Regulamin dot SMS-ów
► Wszystkich, którzy chcą działać w Rotach Niepodległości zapraszamy tu:
► WALCZ Z POPRAWNOŚCIĄ POLITYCZNĄ I CENZURĄ!
Chcesz otrzymywać powiadomienia na temat prowadzonej przez nas działalności? Zapisz się do newslettera.
► CZYTAJ:
► OBSERWUJ:
► SZUKAJ NAS NA FB:
Nie byłoby Mediów Narodowych gdyby nie setki ludzi, którzy wspierają nas finansowo.
Wiele osób nie zdaje sobie sprawy, jak wielkie koszty finansowe wszyscy ponosimy.
Z góry dziękujemy za wszelką udzieloną pomoc.
POLAND - WikiVidi Documentary
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a sovereign country in Central Europe. It is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312679 km2 with a mostly temperate climate. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin. The establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe with a uniquely liberal political system which declared Europe's fir...
____________________________________
Shortcuts to chapters:
00:03:54: Etymology
00:04:29: Prehistory and protohistory
00:06:03: Piast dynasty
00:10:19: Jagiellon dynasty
00:13:41: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
00:18:20: Partitions
00:21:28: Era of insurrections
00:26:58: Reconstruction
00:30:40: World War II
00:38:45: Post-war communism
00:41:58: Present-day
00:45:42: Geography
00:47:24: Geology
00:50:40: Waters
00:55:58: Land use
00:57:39: Biodiversity
00:59:21: Climate
01:01:04: Politics
01:03:31: Law
01:07:31: Foreign relations
01:10:20: Administrative divisions
01:11:15: Military
01:15:26: Law enforcement and emergency services
01:16:56: Economy
01:21:14: Corporations
01:22:48: Tourism
01:24:55: Energy
01:26:43: Transport
01:30:42: Science and technology
01:32:44: Communications
01:34:24: Demographics
01:38:07: Languages
01:39:57: Religion
01:44:47: Health
01:46:45: Education
01:49:26: Culture
01:50:25: Famous people
01:51:39: Society
01:54:06: Music
01:58:10: Art
02:00:44: Architecture
02:04:53: Literature
02:09:46: Media
02:12:18: Cuisine
02:14:37: Sports
____________________________________
Copyright WikiVidi.
Licensed under Creative Commons.
Wikipedia link:
Gdańsk City of Freedom
Get to know the thousand-year history of the beautiful port on the Baltic. Look Neptune, the god of the sea, in the eye and wave at the lady in the window. Take a walk down the Long Market and call at Artus Court. You can walk in the footsteps of the main character of Gunter Grass The Tin Drum or look at the stars of Hevelius. Get a taste of authentic revolution by learning about the origins of the birth of Solidarność.
Pięść i dynamit. Opowieść o śląskich antyfaszystach w Hiszpanii
Po buncie generała Franco przeciwko rządowi Frontu Ludowego w Madrycie w 1936 r. prawie dwustu śląskich robotników wyjechało do Hiszpanii bronić republiki, praw robotniczych, swych marzeń. To opowieść o ich losach... (Subtitles in English, French, Spanish, Czech, German)
W październiku 2019 r. ukaże się poświęcona im książka Śląsk zbuntowany (wydawnictwo Czarne).
Solidarity (Polish trade union) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Solidarity (Polish trade union)
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Solidarity (Polish: Solidarność, pronounced [sɔliˈdarnɔɕt͡ɕ] (listen); full name: Independent Self-governing Labour Union Solidarity—Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy Solidarność [ɲezaˈlɛʐnɨ samɔˈʐɔndnɨ ˈzvjɔ̃zɛk zavɔˈdɔvɨ sɔliˈdarnɔɕt͡ɕ]) is a Polish labour union that was founded on 17 September 1980 at the Lenin Shipyard under the leadership of Lech Wałęsa. It was the first trade union in a Warsaw Pact country that was not controlled by a communist party. Its membership peaked at 10 million members at its September 1981 Congress, which constituted one third of the total working-age population of Poland.In the 1980s, Solidarity was a broad anti-bureaucratic social movement, using the methods of civil resistance to advance the causes of workers' rights and social change. The government attempted to destroy the union by imposing martial law in Poland, which lasted from December 1981 to July 1983 and was followed by several years of political repression from 8 October 1982, but in the end it was forced to negotiate with Solidarity. In the union's clandestine years, Pope John Paul II and the United States provided significant financial support, estimated to be as much as 50 million US dollars.The round table talks between the government and the Solidarity-led opposition led to semi-free elections in 1989. By the end of August, a Solidarity-led coalition government was formed. In December 1990, Wałęsa was elected President of Poland. Since then Solidarity has become a more traditional, liberal trade union. Its membership had dropped to 680,000 by 2010 and 400,000 by 2011.
Kultura polska po 1989 roku
Prezentacja będąca częścią cyklu Lekcje o współczesnej Polsce opracowanego w ramach projektu Polski Ośrodek Naukowy Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Londynie.
Projekt jest współfinansowany ze środków finansowych otrzymanych z Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych w ramach konkursu na realizację zadania Współpraca z Polonią i Polakami za granicą w 2013 r.
Opracował zespół pod kierunkiem dr Krzysztofa Mazura (UJ) w składzie:
Ewa Hajdasz
Grzegorz Kiewel
Emilia Łukaszka
Joanna Sarnecka
Hanna Tucznio
Poland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Poland
00:03:02 1 Etymology
00:03:42 2 History
00:03:51 2.1 Prehistory and protohistory
00:05:43 2.2 Piast dynasty
00:09:26 2.3 Jagiellon dynasty
00:12:27 2.4 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
00:16:27 2.5 Partitions
00:19:09 2.6 Era of insurrections
00:23:38 2.7 Reconstruction
00:26:43 2.8 World War II
00:32:40 2.9 Post-war communism
00:35:24 2.10 1990s to present
00:38:32 3 Geography
00:40:09 3.1 Geology
00:43:46 3.2 Waters
00:48:15 3.3 Land use
00:50:07 3.4 Biodiversity
00:52:05 3.5 Climate
00:54:08 4 Politics
00:56:32 4.1 Law
01:00:23 4.2 Foreign relations
01:02:55 4.3 Administrative divisions
01:04:06 4.4 Military
01:08:03 4.5 Law enforcement and emergency services
01:09:29 5 Economy
01:13:56 5.1 Corporations
01:15:28 5.2 Tourism
01:17:21 5.3 Energy
01:19:18 5.4 Transport
01:23:19 5.5 Science and technology
01:26:00 5.6 Communications
01:27:42 6 Demographics
01:29:17 6.1 Urbanization
01:29:25 6.2 Languages
01:31:58 6.3 Ethnicity
01:35:04 6.4 Religion
01:38:58 6.5 Health
01:40:59 6.6 Education
01:43:51 7 Culture
01:44:50 7.1 Music
01:49:13 7.2 Art
01:51:49 7.3 Architecture
01:55:15 7.4 Literature
01:59:51 7.5 Cinema
02:02:15 7.6 Media
02:04:41 7.7 Cuisine
02:07:29 7.8 Sports
02:10:37 7.9 Fashion and design
02:14:16 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska] (listen)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska [ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska] (listen)), is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With a population of approximately 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin.
The establishment of the Polish state can be traced back to A.D. 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest (about 1 million km2) and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe's first written national constitution, the Constitution of 3 May 1791.
More than a century after the Partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Germany, followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. More than six million Polish citizens perished in the war. In 1947, the Polish People's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence. In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement, the sovereign state of Poland reestablished itself as a presidential democratic republic.
Poland is a developed market and regional power. It has the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union, simultaneously achieving a very high rank on the Human Development Index. Additionally, the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central Europe. Poland is a developed country, which maintains a high-income economy along with very high standards of living, life quality, safety, education and economic freedom. Poland has a developed school educational system. The country provides free university education, state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens. Poland has 15 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 14 of which are cultural. Poland is a m ...
Poland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Poland
00:03:02 1 Etymology
00:03:42 2 History
00:03:51 2.1 Prehistory and protohistory
00:05:43 2.2 Piast dynasty
00:09:26 2.3 Jagiellon dynasty
00:12:27 2.4 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
00:16:27 2.5 Partitions
00:19:09 2.6 Era of insurrections
00:23:38 2.7 Reconstruction
00:26:43 2.8 World War II
00:32:40 2.9 Post-war communism
00:35:24 2.10 1990s to present
00:38:32 3 Geography
00:40:09 3.1 Geology
00:43:46 3.2 Waters
00:48:15 3.3 Land use
00:50:07 3.4 Biodiversity
00:52:05 3.5 Climate
00:54:08 4 Politics
00:56:32 4.1 Law
01:00:23 4.2 Foreign relations
01:02:55 4.3 Administrative divisions
01:04:06 4.4 Military
01:08:03 4.5 Law enforcement and emergency services
01:09:29 5 Economy
01:13:56 5.1 Corporations
01:15:28 5.2 Tourism
01:17:21 5.3 Energy
01:19:18 5.4 Transport
01:23:19 5.5 Science and technology
01:26:00 5.6 Communications
01:27:42 6 Demographics
01:29:17 6.1 Urbanization
01:29:25 6.2 Languages
01:31:58 6.3 Ethnicity
01:35:04 6.4 Religion
01:38:58 6.5 Health
01:40:59 6.6 Education
01:43:51 7 Culture
01:44:50 7.1 Music
01:49:13 7.2 Art
01:51:49 7.3 Architecture
01:55:15 7.4 Literature
01:59:51 7.5 Cinema
02:02:15 7.6 Media
02:04:41 7.7 Cuisine
02:07:29 7.8 Sports
02:10:37 7.9 Fashion and design
02:14:16 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska] (listen)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska [ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska] (listen)), is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With a population of approximately 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin.
The establishment of the Polish state can be traced back to A.D. 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest (about 1 million km2) and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe's first written national constitution, the Constitution of 3 May 1791.
More than a century after the Partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Germany, followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. More than six million Polish citizens perished in the war. In 1947, the Polish People's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence. In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement, the sovereign state of Poland reestablished itself as a presidential democratic republic.
Poland is a developed market and regional power. It has the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union, simultaneously achieving a very high rank on the Human Development Index. Additionally, the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central Europe. Poland is a developed country, which maintains a high-income economy along with very high standards of living, life quality, safety, education and economic freedom. Poland has a developed school educational system. The country provides free university education, state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens. Poland has 15 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 14 of which are cultural. Poland is a m ...
End of communism in Poland (1989) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
End of communism in Poland (1989)
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The history of Poland from 1945 to 1989 spans the period of Soviet dominance and communist rule imposed after the end of World War II over Poland, as reestablished within new borders. These years, while featuring general industrialization and urbanization and many improvements in the standard of living, were marred by social unrest, political strife and severe economic difficulties.
Near the end of World War II, the advancing Soviet Red Army pushed out the Nazi German forces from occupied Poland. In February 1945, the Yalta Conference sanctioned the formation of a provisional government of Poland from a compromise coalition, until postwar elections. Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, manipulated the implementation of that ruling. A practically communist-controlled Provisional Government of National Unity was formed in Warsaw by ignoring the Polish government-in-exile based in London since 1940.
During the subsequent Potsdam Conference in July–August 1945, the three major Allies ratified the colossal westerly shift of Polish borders and approved its new territory between the Oder–Neisse line and Curzon Line. Following the destruction of the Polish-Jewish population in the Holocaust, the flight and expulsion of Germans in the west, resettlement of Ukrainians in the east, and the repatriation of Poles from Kresy, Poland became for the first time in its history an ethnically homogeneous nation-state without prominent minorities. The new government solidified its political power over the next two years, while the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) under Bolesław Bierut gained firm control over the country, which would become part of the postwar Soviet sphere of influence in Central and Eastern Europe.
Following Stalin's death in 1953, a political thaw in the Soviet sphere allowed a more liberal faction of the Polish communists, led by Władysław Gomułka, to gain power. By the mid-1960s, Poland began experiencing increasing economic as well as political difficulties. They culminated in the 1968 Polish political crisis and the 1970 Polish protests, when a consumer price hike led to a wave of strikes. The government introduced a new economic program based on large-scale borrowing from the West, which resulted in a rise in living standards and expectations, but the program meant growing integration of Poland's economy with the world economy and it faltered after the 1973 oil crisis. In 1976, the government of Edward Gierek was forced to raise prices again and this led to the June 1976 protests.
This cycle of repression and reform and the economic-political struggle acquired new characteristics with the 1978 election of Karol Wojtyła as Pope John Paul II. Wojtyła's unexpected elevation strengthened the opposition to the authoritarian and ineffective system of nomenklatura-run state socialism, especially with the pope's first visit to Poland in 1979. In early August 1980, a new wave of strikes resulted in the founding of the independent trade union Solidarity (Polish Solidarność) led by electrician Lech Wałęsa. The growing strength and activity of the opposition caused the government of Wojciech Jaruzelski to declare martial law in December 1981. However, with the reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union, increasing pressure from the West, and dysfunctional economy, the regime was forced to negotiate with its opponents. The 1989 Round Table Talks led to Solidarity's participation in the 1989 election. Its candidates' striking victory gave rise to the first of the succession of transitions from communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe. In 1990, Jaruzelski resigned from the presidency of the Republic of Poland; following the presidential election, he was succeeded by Wałęsa.
Poland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Poland
00:03:02 1 Etymology
00:03:42 2 History
00:03:51 2.1 Prehistory and protohistory
00:05:43 2.2 Piast dynasty
00:09:26 2.3 Jagiellon dynasty
00:12:27 2.4 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
00:16:27 2.5 Partitions
00:19:09 2.6 Era of insurrections
00:23:38 2.7 Reconstruction
00:26:43 2.8 World War II
00:32:40 2.9 Post-war communism
00:35:24 2.10 1990s to present
00:38:32 3 Geography
00:40:09 3.1 Geology
00:43:46 3.2 Waters
00:48:15 3.3 Land use
00:50:07 3.4 Biodiversity
00:52:05 3.5 Climate
00:54:08 4 Politics
00:56:32 4.1 Law
01:00:23 4.2 Foreign relations
01:02:55 4.3 Administrative divisions
01:04:06 4.4 Military
01:08:03 4.5 Law enforcement and emergency services
01:09:29 5 Economy
01:13:56 5.1 Corporations
01:15:28 5.2 Tourism
01:17:21 5.3 Energy
01:19:18 5.4 Transport
01:23:19 5.5 Science and technology
01:26:00 5.6 Communications
01:27:42 6 Demographics
01:29:17 6.1 Urbanization
01:29:25 6.2 Languages
01:31:58 6.3 Ethnicity
01:35:04 6.4 Religion
01:38:58 6.5 Health
01:40:59 6.6 Education
01:43:51 7 Culture
01:44:50 7.1 Music
01:49:13 7.2 Art
01:51:49 7.3 Architecture
01:55:15 7.4 Literature
01:59:51 7.5 Cinema
02:02:15 7.6 Media
02:04:41 7.7 Cuisine
02:07:29 7.8 Sports
02:10:37 7.9 Fashion and design
02:14:16 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska] (listen)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska [ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska] (listen)), is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With a population of approximately 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin.
The establishment of the Polish state can be traced back to A.D. 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest (about 1 million km2) and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe's first written national constitution, the Constitution of 3 May 1791.
More than a century after the Partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Germany, followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. More than six million Polish citizens perished in the war. In 1947, the Polish People's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence. In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement, the sovereign state of Poland reestablished itself as a presidential democratic republic.
Poland is a developed market and regional power. It has the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union, simultaneously achieving a very high rank on the Human Development Index. Additionally, the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central Europe. Poland is a developed country, which maintains a high-income economy along with very high standards of living, life quality, safety, education and economic freedom. Poland has a developed school educational system. The country provides free university education, state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens. Poland has 15 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 14 of which are cultural. Poland is a m ...
European Union | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
European Union
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of 4,475,757 km2 (1,728,099 sq mi) and an estimated population of about 513 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states in those matters (only) where members have agreed to act as one. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development. For travel within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002 and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.
The EU and European citizenship were established when the Maastricht Treaty came into force in 1993. The EU traces its origins to the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), established, respectively, by the 1951 Treaty of Paris and 1957 Treaty of Rome. The original members of what came to be known as the European Communities were the Inner Six: Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany. The Communities and its successors have grown in size by the accession of new member states and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit. The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009. While no member state has left the EU or its antecedent organisations, the United Kingdom signified an intention to leave after a membership referendum in June 2016 and is negotiating its withdrawal.
Covering 7.3% of the world population, the EU in 2017 generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of 19.670 trillion US dollars, constituting approximately 24.6% of global nominal GDP and 16.5% when measured in terms of purchasing power parity. Additionally, all 28 EU countries have a very high Human Development Index, according to the United Nations Development Programme. In 2012, the EU was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the EU has developed a role in external relations and defence. The union maintains permanent diplomatic missions throughout the world and represents itself at the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the G7 and the G20. Because of its global influence, the European Union has been described as an emerging superpower.
European Union | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
European Union
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of 4,475,757 km2 (1,728,099 sq mi) and an estimated population of about 513 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where members have agreed to act as one. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development. For travel within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002 and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.
The EU and European citizenship were established when the Maastricht Treaty came into force in 1993. The EU traces its origins to the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), established, respectively, by the 1951 Treaty of Paris and 1957 Treaty of Rome. The original members of what came to be known as the European Communities were the Inner Six: Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany. The Communities and its successors have grown in size by the accession of new member states and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit. The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009. While no member state has left the EU or its antecedent organisations, the United Kingdom signified an intention to leave after a membership referendum in June 2016 and is negotiating its withdrawal.
Covering 7.3% of the world population, the EU in 2017 generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of 19.670 trillion US dollars, constituting approximately 24.6% of global nominal GDP and 16.5% when measured in terms of purchasing power parity. Additionally, all 28 EU countries have a very high Human Development Index, according to the United Nations Development Programme. In 2012, the EU was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the EU has developed a role in external relations and defence. The union maintains permanent diplomatic missions throughout the world and represents itself at the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the G7 and the G20. Because of its global influence, the European Union has been described as an emerging superpower.
Poland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Poland
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska] (listen)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska [ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska] (listen)), is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With a population of approximately 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin.
The establishment of the Polish state can be traced back to A.D. 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest (about 1 million km2) and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe's first written national constitution, the Constitution of 3 May 1791.
More than a century after the Partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Germany, followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. More than six million Polish citizens perished in the war. In 1947, the Polish People's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence. In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement, the sovereign state of Poland reestablished itself as a presidential democratic republic.
Poland is a developed market and regional power. It has the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union, simultaneously achieving a very high rank on the Human Development Index. Additionally, the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central Europe. Poland is a developed country, which maintains a high-income economy along with very high standards of living, life quality, safety, education and economic freedom. Poland has a developed school educational system. The country provides free university education, state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens. Poland has 15 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 14 of which are cultural. Poland is a member state of the European Union, the Schengen Area, the United Nations, NATO, the OECD, the Three Seas Initiative, and the Visegrád Group.
1968 Polish political crisis | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:29 1 Background
00:04:19 2 Reaction to Arab–Israeli war of 1967
00:11:19 3 Protest in Warsaw
00:15:13 4 Student- and intellectual-led movement
00:20:20 5 Repressions
00:31:23 6 Anti-Jewish mobilization and purges, party politics
00:40:12 7 Emigration of Polish citizens of Jewish origin
00:51:07 8 Termination of the anti-Zionist campaign
00:55:04 9 Consequences of the events of 1968
00:59:00 10 Aftermath
01:00:50 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7065273779947183
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Polish 1968 political crisis, also known in Poland as March 1968 or March events (Polish: Marzec 1968; wydarzenia marcowe), pertains to a series of major student, intellectual and other protests against the government of the Polish People's Republic. The crisis resulted in the suppression of student strikes by security forces in all major academic centres across the country and the subsequent repression of the Polish dissident movement. It was also accompanied by mass emigration following an antisemitic (branded anti-Zionist) campaign waged by the minister of internal affairs, General Mieczysław Moczar, with the approval of First Secretary Władysław Gomułka of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR). The protests coincided with the events of the Prague Spring in neighboring Czechoslovakia – raising new hopes of democratic reforms among the intelligentsia. The unrest culminated in the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia on 20 August 1968.The anti-Jewish campaign had already begun in 1967. The policy was carried out in conjunction with the Soviet withdrawal of all diplomatic relations with Israel after the Six-Day War, but also involved a power struggle within the Polish communist party itself. The subsequent purges within the ruling party, led by Mieczysław Moczar and his faction, failed to topple Gomułka's government, but resulted in an exile from Poland of thousands of individuals of Jewish ancestry, including professionals, party officials and secret police functionaries. In carefully staged public displays of support, factory workers across Poland were assembled to publicly denounce Zionism. At least 13,000 Poles of Jewish origin emigrated in 1968–72 as a result of being fired from their positions and various other forms of harassment.
Poland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Poland
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska [ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska] ( listen)), is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With a population of approximately 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin.
The establishment of the Polish state can be traced back to A.D. 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest (about 1 million km2) and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe's first written national constitution, the Constitution of 3 May 1791.
More than a century after the Partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Germany, followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. More than six million Polish citizens perished in the war. In 1947, the Polish People's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence. In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement, the sovereign state of Poland reestablished itself as a presidential democratic republic.
Poland is a developed market and regional power. It has the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union, simultaneously achieving a very high rank on the Human Development Index. Additionally, the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central Europe. Poland is a developed country, which maintains a high-income economy along with very high standards of living, life quality, safety, education and economic freedom. Poland has a developed school educational system. The country provides free university education, state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens. Poland has 15 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 14 of which are cultural. Poland is a member state of the European Union, the Schengen Area, the United Nations, NATO, the OECD, the Three Seas Initiative, and the Visegrád Group.