Srebrenica massacre - Explained in under 2 min - BBC News
In July 1995, Bosnian Serb forces killed more than 8,000 Bosnian Muslims who were meant to be under UN protection.
How did this massacre happen? And what are its lasting effects?
Myriam Francois-Cerrah explains, in less than two minutes.
Produced by: Mohamed Madi
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Srebrenica Genocide: No Room For Denial
In July 1995, forces of the Army of the Republika Srpska, the VRS, invaded the town of Srebrenica, in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In a few horrific days, more than 8,000 Bosnian Muslim boys and men were taken to places of detention, abused, tortured and then executed.
As their bodies fell into mass graves, the machinery of denial of those crimes was set into motion.
The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia-commonly referred to as the ICTY, investigated, prosecuted and passed judgement on those crimes.
This film tells that story.
Running time: 64 minutes
Surviving the Srebrenica genocide
Adel and Fahrudin survived the Srebrenica genocide, but it wasn’t easy. Adel was forced to bring water to a Serb soldier to clean the knives he had used to kill Bosnian Muslims. Fahrudin survived a mass execution in which his father was killed.
They recall their painful memories.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina: 33 Srebrenica victims buried in Potocari on 24th anniv. of massacre
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Thousands of mourners gathered at the Srebrenica Genocide Memorial in Potocari on Thursday, to hold funerals and bury the remains of 33 newly identified victims of the 1995 Srebrenica massacre.
All mourners who spoke on camera, said how hard it was to bury a relative and how their life was full of uncertainty the past 24 years, not having a place with the remains to go to in order to pray and cry.
Mirela Bekti, a relative of one of those being buried, said that For 24 years, our life was uncertainty. Every year on this day we hoped for the day to bury his mortal remains here and to have place to come, pray and cry.
This is not a shame only of Bosnia and Herzegovina, this is a disgrace to the whole world. This happened in front of everyone's eyes. Today, 24 years after I feel more anger. Why was this allowed? Bekti added.
To this date 6,504 victims have been buried at the memorial-cemetery complex, although around 1,000 victims of Srebrenica, killed and buried in unmarked graves, have yet to be located or identified.
Over 8,000 Bosniak men and boys were murdered and thousands of women and girls were sexually assaulted and tortured when units of the Bosnian Serb Army of Republika Srpska overran the UN ‘safe area’ of Srebrenica in July 1995.
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TRT World - World in Focus: Srebrenica: The Graveyard of Humanity
Mladic: ‘Time has come to take revenge on the Muslims’
On July 11th, 1995, Bosnian Serb forces under the command of General Ratko Mladic entered the town of Srebrenica. The people who lived there ... mostly Muslim Bosniaks... had survived a siege for three years. A few hours before taking the town, Mladic had this to say: “Here we are, on July 11, 1995, in Serbian Srebrenica, just before a great Serb holy day. We give this town to the Serb Nation. Remembering the uprising against the Turks, the time has come to take revenge on the Muslims.” And that’s exactly what they did. Over the next few days, Mladic’s soldiers committed the worst massacre in Europe since World War Two. They killed 8 thousand 372 unarmed Bosniak men and boys... and buried their bodies in mass graves in the forest around the village of Potocari, near Srebrenica.
From ‘Safe Area’ to Mass Graves
Back in 1993, the United Nations Security Council had declared Srebrenica a demilitarised safe area. A Dutch peacekeeping force under the command of General Thom Karremans was assigned to protect the area. But Serbian forces started shelling the safe area on July 6th, 1995. Three days later, they captured 55 Dutch peacekeepers. Karremans met Ratko Mladic on July 11 and said he was concerned about the safety of his soldiers. The Dutch general eventually agreed to hand over the 25,000 Bosniaks who had gone to a UN compound near the village Potacari. They went there because they thought they’d be safe. Karremans and his men were then allowed to walk free. Once that was done, the Bosnian Serb paramilitaries ordered women and children onto busses to relocate them. But the men... and any boys older than 15.. were forced to stay behind... and were killed by Serbian forces. Others managed to escape... Thousands of Muslims ran into the woods in what became known as the “Death March”. It took them five days to reach the Bosniak controlled city of Tuzla. Thousands died along the way because of Serb attacks and exhaustion.
Still No Graves for Many
The Bosnian War finally ended with the Dayton Agreement in 1995. But on the 20th anniversary of the Srebrenica Massacre, the dead are still being buried. So far, the remains of six thousand 377 people have been identified and re-buried, but many are still missing or haven’t been identified. Finding and identifying their remains is difficult work and requires DNA testing. And while that work goes on, every year Bosniaks commemorate the Death March by walking the same route only in reverse, from Tuzla to Srebrenica. But they call it... the ‘Peace March’. On July 11th at the Srebrenica Genocide Memorial in Potocari, funerals were held for victims who have recently been identified. It was heart-breaking for many of the relatives who attended. Twenty years after the massacre in Srebrenica, they’re still burying the dead.
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Srebrenica victims laid to rest at memorial 18 years after massacre
Srebrenica victims laid to rest at memorial 18 years after massacre
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On the 18th anniversary of the massacre of 8,000 Bosnian Muslims at Srebrenica, Bosnia-Herzegovina, 409 newly-identified bodies are buried at a memorial service. Thousands gathered in the eastern Bosnian town to commemorate the people who were killed by Serb forces in 1995.
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 71 Srebrenica victims buried at Potocari memorial site
More than 20,000 mourners converged at the Srebrenica memorial site in Potocari, Tuesday, to bury the remains of 71 recently identified victims of the massacre.
A mourner, Zija Gabeljic, said, I lost many relatives: my father, my mother, three brothers. Today I am burying my third brother, whereas I buried the other two brothers and my father back in 2010. I lost many relatives, uncles... At least 15 members of the closest family in total.
About 1,000 victims of Srebrenica, killed and buried in unmarked graves, have yet to be identified or even located. Among the latest victims buried today are seven minors.
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Serbian PM chased away from Srebrenica memorial
Prime Minister Aleksander Vucic joined world leaders, including former President Bill Clinton, for the 20th anniversary of the slaughter Bosnian Muslims in Srebrenica at the hands of Serb forces but was chased away from the ceremony. Jonathan Vigliotti reports.
Srebrenica Memorial Gallery
The Srebrenica Memorial Gallery has been opened in Sarajevo. For a long time, Tarik Samarah has been warning of the Srebrenica genocide in his photographs. Visitors to Sarajevo will now be able to see the permanent display of photographs depicting the war crime. Ivan Pavković reports.
Bosnian genocide survivor's tale
Hanifa Dzogaz survived the Srebrenica genocide, but both her sons were killed. She says she won't stop fighting until the perpetrators face justice.
Srebrenica Genocide: Dutch responsible for 350 deaths
86 Muslim Bosniak victims killed during the 1992-1995 Bosnian War will be buried in a mass funeral in town of Prijedor on Saturday. The burials come a day after a Dutch court upheld a ruling which found the Netherlands partly responsible for the deaths of 350 Bosnian Muslim men in the Srebrenica genocide. The Supreme Court says Dutch troops could have prevented the killings. And, as Sarah Morice reports it has reduced the amount of compensation the victims’ relatives can claim from the Dutch state.
#Srebrenica #BosnianWar #Netherlands
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Bosnia and Herzegovina: 35 Srebrenica victims buried at Potocari on massacre anniversary
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Thousands of mourners converged at the Srebrenica memorial site in Potocari on Wednesday, to bury the remains of 35 recently identified victims of the massacre.
All mourners who spoke on camera, said they were saddened to have to bury a relative, but that they were relieved to have finally found their relatives' remains.
About 1,000 victims of Srebrenica, killed and buried in unmarked graves, have yet to be identified or even located.
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BOSNIA: SREBRENICA: MEMORIAL SERVICE
Natural Sound
One year after the former Muslim enclave of Srebrenica fell to the Bosnian Serbs, survivors and the town's womenfolk have held a memorial service commemorating the victims.
More than 6-thousand Muslims - mostly men - are feared to have been slaughtered by Serb forces who overran the town.
Forensic experts meanwhile have begun the task of trying to identify the skeletons of up to 60 victims excavated this week from a mass grave on the outskirts of Srebrenica.
Hundreds of survivors and widows of Muslim men captured and killed in the flight from Srebenica attended the memorial service in Tuzla, were they were evacuated after the town fell.
Emotions were running high and the crowd began to jeer Tuzla's Muslim governor as he took to the stage.
Some of the women turned on policemen stewarding the rally amid accusations that the Bosnian Government could have prevented Srebrenica's capture.
Calm was only restored after Naser Oric, the commander of the local Bosnian Muslim militia in Srebrenica, took to the stage.
Oric was ordered to leave Srebrenica by the Bosnian Government forces a few days before the town was eventually overrun by Bosnian Serb forces.
Men and women openly wept, some collapsed and had to be taken away on stretchers.
As the survivors demanded to be told the truth about what happened to their relatives, a makeshift morgue at Tuzla hospital may be able yield some answers.
A Finnish forensic team has begun the task of identifying the skeletons of between 20 and 50 mainly male Muslims discovered in a mass grave at Cerska, 17 miles northwest of Srebrenica.
Dental records and D-N-A techniques will be used to identify the bodies.
But Bosnian Serb authorities in Zvornik last Friday refused to allow the team to continue collecting bodies from the fields and forests around Kravice, which lies in Bosnian-Serb territory.
The investigation is partly funded by the Dutch and Finnish governments and, although not part of the official investigation, it has been endorsed by the United Nations in Bosnia.
Testimonies from survivors of the fall of Srebrenica say that most of the bodies are of men who were executed at a local warehouse.
Others were ambushed by local Serb militia and gunned down as they took to the forest to hide and now lie where they died.
Prosecutors at the International War Crimes Tribunal in The Hague hope that the identification of at least some of the victims might help to bring those who committed these crimes to justice.
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Srebrenica massacre survivor tells her story
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Eighteen years on from the Srebrenica massacre, hundreds of newly identified victims are to be buried.
One of the victim's daughters will be there, to see her father's body finally lay to rest.
Nermina Dautbasic Muminovic was a refugee for many years during the Bosnian war
She tells her story of survival since the 1995 genocide - the year she last saw her father.
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Srebrenica Genocide: Bosnia marks 24 years since Srebrenica genocide
Thousands of mourners in Bosnia and Herzogovina have commemorated the 24th anniversary of the Srebrenica genocide. More than 8,000 Bosniaks were killed by Serb forces in the mountain town. And as Omer Kablan reports new victims continue to be identified and finally later rest.
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Erdogan Pays Tribute to Srebrenica Victims
During a visit to Serbia Tuesday, July 9, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan paid tribute to the victims of the July 1995 Srebrenica massacre.
Thousands of people, including Erdogan, attended a commemoration ceremony in Sarajevo before the 24th anniversary of the Srebrenica massacre, the worst mass killing in Europe since World War II.
The ceremony in front of the Bosnian presidency building in the capital honored 33 newly identified victims of the July 11-22, 1995 massacre. Their remains will be buried at a memorial site near Srebrenica at a formal ceremony on Thursday.
More than 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys were killed in and around the U.N.-protected enclave by Bosnian Serb troops during the civil war in July 1995. Most of the victims' remains were found in mass graves near Srebrenica, but more than 1,000 are still considered missing.
Netherlands partly responsible for Bosnia genocide – Dutch court
trtworld.com
Serbian President kneels for forgiveness over Srebrenica massacre
'On bended knee', Serbian president Tomislav Nikolic has apologised for the Srebrenica massacre committed by Serbian forces in 1995.
The admission comes just two days after Bosnian Muslim leader Bakir Izetbegovic visited Belgrade. He had recently urged Nikolic to recognise Srebrenica as genocide.
In extracts posted online of an interview for Bosnian TV, the Serbian leader said he was kneeling for forgiveness but stopped short of uttering the word genocide.
A former member of the ultra-nationalist Serbian Radical Party, Nikolic provoked fury in Bosnia for declaring that there was no genocide in Srebrenica during an interview just after his inauguration last June.
Relatives of the 8,000 Bosnian Muslims killed during the massacre are not convinced of Nikolic's sincerity.
Munira Subasic, president of the Mothers of Srebrenica Association, has said that kneeling is not enough, he must define the crime, as international courts do, as genocide.
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WRAP Two Bosnian Serbs convicted of Srebrenica genocide ADDS Bosnia reax
(10 Jun 2010)
Srebrenica - 10 June 2010
1. Wide of Potocari cemetery and memorial centre near Srebrenica
2. Wide of thousands of victims' graves
3. Mid of victims' names engraved in stone
4. Close-up of memorial stone reading: Srebrenica July 1995
Sarajevo - 10 June 2010
5. Various of Srebrenica mothers watching TV coverage of trial from the Hague
6. Close-up screen showing trial
7. Mid of Zumra Sehomerovic watching the trial
8. Close-up of Kadira Gabeljic watching
9. Close-up of Sabra Mujic watching
10. Mid banner reading (English) Do you Remember Genocide in Srebrenica
11. SOUNDBITE (Bosnian) Zumra Sehomerovic, lost husband and son in Srebrenica massacre:
We think that the number of years they received is not all that important, the important thing is the conviction of the crime. Crime and genocide need to be convicted. This is important for the future generations in Bosnia Herzegovina because of the future life in this country.
12. Cutaway pan from TV to mothers watching the trial
13. SOUNDBITE (Bosnian) Kadira Gabeljic, lost husband and two sons at Srebrenica massacre:
The criminals will walk, they will have their lives. There can never be a punishment enough to match the crimes they committed. Thousands of people are gone. All of the men from my family are killed. I am all alone. It's very hard for me to live. It's difficult.
Pale - 10 June 2010
14. Wide exterior of Orthodox church
15. Wide of Pale street
16. SOUNDBITE (Serbian) Radovan Borovcanin, Serb resident of Pale:
I think all crimes should be punished, but they are punishing only the Serbs. The crimes were committed on all sides. All should be held responsible.
17. Street scene
18. SOUNDBITE (Serbian) Djordje Vidakovic, Serb resident of Pale:
Serbs are held responsible for everything. I don't know how is this possible. When will this stop? When is the end of the persecution of Serbs?
19. Wide Serb flags by street
FILE: Srebrenica - July 1995
20. Serb tank firing
21. House on fire
22. Various of Muslim refugees fleeing Srebrenica
STORYLINE:
Widows and mothers of the Srebrenica victims watched on Thursday as senior Bosnian Serbs were sentenced by the United Nations war crimes tribunal in the Hague, and spoke of their emotions.
There can never be a punishment enough to match the crimes they committed. Thousands of people are gone. All of the men from my family are killed. I am all alone. It's very hard for me to live. It's difficult, said Kadira Gabeljic, who lost her husband and two sons in the Srebrenica massacre.
In all, about 8,000 Bosnian men and boys were slaughtered at Srebrenica, a massacre the International Court of Justice in The Hague, Netherlands, has ruled was genocide.
Two Bosnian Serbs were convicted on Thursday of genocide and sentenced to life imprisonment - the harshest judgment ever delivered by the UN war crimes tribunal on the Balkan wars.
A third Bosnian Serb officer was given a 35-year prison sentence for aiding and abetting genocide.
Two others were acquitted of genocide charges but convicted of extermination, murder and persecution, while a final two officers were found guilty of lesser charges of war crimes.
We think that the number of years they received is not all that important, the important thing is the conviction of the crime, said Zumra Sehomerovic, who lost her husband and son in the Srebrenica massacre.
Crime and genocide need to be convicted. This is important for the future generations in Bosnia Herzegovina because of the future life in this country, she said.
In the war time Bosnian Serb capital, Pale, Serbian residents expressed their upset.
asked local Serb resident Djordje Vidakovic.
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Relatives depart for memorial service in Srebrenica
SHOTLIST
1. Wide of buses with police car
2. People gathering in front of buses
3. Various of people boarding buses
4. Policeman in front of bus
5. Woman staring outside bus window
6. People sitting in bus
7. Wide shot of four buses
8. Buses departing
STORYLINE
Preparations were underway on Wednesday in Srebrenica to mark the 12th anniversary of the massacre in which Serb forces who overran the town in 1995 slaughtered eight thousand Muslim men and boys over several days.
It is acknowledged as the worst single act of carnage in Europe since World War II.
Relatives of those who died in the Srebrenica massacre in the closing stages of the Bosnian War gathered in the former Muslim enclave to take part in a memorial service at Potocari memorial centre.
A fleet of buses left Sarajevo before dawn on Wednesday to carry people from the Bosnian capital to Srebrenica for the service which was due to begin at 0900 GMT.
More than 30-thousand people were expected to gather at Potocari memorial centre just outside Srebrenica to remember the victims and bury the bodies of 465 newly-identified victims of the massacre.
During the war, Srebrenica was officially under United Nations protection, but around 450 Dutch soldiers on peacekeeping duty stood by as thousands of Bosnian Serb forces stormed the area in July 1995.
The International Court of Justice in The Hague declared in February that Bosnian Serb troops committed genocide in Srebrenica.
The main two suspects being sought for the Srebrenica massacre, former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic and his general, Ratko Mladic, were indicted 12 years ago and remain at large.
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