THE DEADLIEST REBELLION IN THE WORLD - THE TAIPING REBELLION - PART 1
Part 2 :
The Taiping rebellion was the deadliest rebellion in world history. Its ties with Christianity rendered it unique in the history of China.
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Heavenly kingdom relics go on show (19.5.2011)
More than 50 artefacts and cultural relics telling the story of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in modern Chinese history will be displayed at the Museum of Coastal Defence from May 20 to November 16 to mark the 160th anniversary of the uprising. The exhibition is presented by the Leisure & Cultural Services Department and the Historical Museum of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Nanjing. ( )
Hong Xiuquan: The Taiping Rebellion
It’s one of the bloodiest conflicts in human history. In 1851, the Taiping Rebellion exploded in Qing dynasty China, causing death on an unprecedented scale. Over 14 years of civil war, an estimated 20 million people died, more than were killed in the whole of WWI. It was, simply, the deadliest war of the nineteenth century, and it was all thanks to one man: Hong Xiuquan.
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Source/Further reading:
Excellent podcast on the rebellion:
Good overview of Hong Xiuquan’s life:
(excellent resource on the rebellion’s formation and early years):
(references to the famine and peasant uprising that started it all in 1851):
(some good details on beliefs, including styles of dress):
Cannibalism:
Mao and Taiping:
Mao’s death toll:
The Deadliest Civil War Ever | Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864) | History of China
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For little under fourteen years, the Taiping Rebellion waged over China. Seventeen provinces were ravished and the estimated loss of life is between 20 and 25 million. It is the deadliest civil war, one of the deadliest wars ever, and the largest conflict of the 19th century. The Qing dynasty, however, was not only faced with the Taiping rebellion during this time but with several other (the Panthay, Dungan and Nian rebellion) rebellions throughout the country and the second opium war. It is one of the bloodiest episodes in Chinese history, which…really says something. and it raises an interesting question, how did the Qing manage to stay in power during this carnage?
About the 'End of Empire' series:
China's Qing Dynasty was faced with internal rebellions, widespread corruption and natural disasters throughout the 19th century. Furthermore, it suffered humiliating defeats at the hands of Western powers and Japan. It makes one wonder how the Qing Dynasty managed to stay in power during this time. The Taiping rebellion will be the start of this series about the downfall of the Qing Dynasty. Over the course of several weeks, I will delve into the major events that happened in China from 1850 to 1911 and attempt to understand and shed light on the last death throes of the once mighty Qing dynasty.
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The content of this video covers events, people or concepts via a lecture-style presentation that is educational and historical in nature. Every video is original content by House of History. The events relating to conflict in this video are portrayed in their historical context without either value judgment or an ideological message attached to it. There is no intent to shock, upset or disgust. The goal of my channel is to make interesting lecture-style videos, no more, no less.
Thank you for taking the time to check out House of History, I hope you will find the films informative, interesting and enjoyable!
If you have any feedback, questions or criticism feel free to leave a comment. Your opinion truly aids me in improving the content of the channel! If you have a question, feel free to leave a comment and I will either write a reply, answer your question in a Q&A video, or make an entire video about it!
Time Codes:
0:51 Historical Background
3:07 Origins of the Taiping
4:18 The Taiping Rebellion
6:28 Philosophy of the Taiping
8:23 Suppression of the Taiping Rebellion
12:10 Concurrent Rebellions (Nian, Dungan & Panthay)
Sources:
Baum, R. (2010). The Fall and Rise of China. The Great Courses: Modern History.
Fairbank, J. K., & Reischauer, E. O. (1989). China: tradition & transformation (Vol. 57). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Horst, D. (1977). Geschiedenis van China. Het Spectrum.
Spence, J. D. (1990). The search for modern China. WW Norton & Company.
Photos, paintings and imagery: Public Domain, Wikicommons
#HouseofHistory #History #Chinesehistory
Nanjing, Taiping museum
First video made in Nanjing on Christmas, 2007.
The First and Second Opium War | History of China (1839-1860)
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China, the middle kingdom, had been one of the mightiest powers of the world for centuries. Their hegemony led to its isolation from most geopolitical developments and world politics. After all, “China lacked no products within its borders”, according to the Qianlong Emperor. When the British Empire demanded trading rights, a contemptuous refusal was all that was given. The Chinese would soon be strong-armed into allowing Western powers to trade on their territory however, and this all happened during two wars that became known as the Opium Wars.
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Rectification: 3:40 Lin Zexu addressed two eloquent letters (never delivered!) to Queen Victoria. [Thanks to Kaiser Franz Joseph I, probably not the real one, for pointing it out].
The content of this video covers events, people or concepts through a lecture-style presentation that is educational and historical in nature. Every video is original content by House of History. The events relating to conflict in this video are portrayed in their historical context without either value judgment or an ideological message attached to it. There is no intent to shock, upset or disgust. The goal of my channel is to make interesting documentaries, no more, no less.
Thank you for taking the time to check out House of History, I hope you will find the films informative, interesting and enjoyable!
If you have any feedback, questions or criticism feel free to leave a comment. Your opinion truly aids me in improving the content of the channel! If you have a question, feel free to leave a comment and I will either write a reply, answer your question in a Q&A video, or make an entire video about it!
Time Codes:
0:45 Historical Background
3:05 Anti-Opium Alliance
5:04 The First Opium War
7:59 The Treaty of Nanking
10:24 The Second Opium War (Arrow War)
12:18 Conclusion
Sources:
Baum, R. (2010). The Fall and Rise of China. The Great Courses: Modern History.
Fairbank, J. K., & Reischauer, E. O. (1989). China: tradition & transformation (Vol. 57). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Horst, D. (1977). Geschiedenis van China. Het Spectrum.
Spence, J. D. (1990). The search for modern China. WW Norton & Company.
Photos, paintings and imagery: Public Domain, Wikicommons
#HouseofHistory #History #China
TAIPING HEAVENLY KINGDOM in Cantonese (天朝) - Flashcard
[tin1 chiu4] TAIPING HEAVENLY KINGDOM in Cantonese (天朝) - Flashcard. Additional information about the word: Celestial Empire, a tributary title conferred on Imperial China,The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
Dave's 2007 China Trip Nanjing (Part 6 - Nationalist Palace)
Touring more of the Nationalist palace. Also remember that in this location, Hong Xiuquan also led the Kingdom of Heavenly Peace during the Taiping Rebellion.
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Nanjing | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nanjing
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Nanjing (listen), formerly romanized as Nanking and Nankin, is the capital of Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China and the second largest city in the East China region, with an administrative area of 6,600 km2 (2,500 sq mi) and a total population of 8,270,500 as of 2016. The inner area of Nanjing enclosed by the city wall is Nanjing City (南京城), with an area of 55 km2 (21 sq mi), while the Nanjing Metropolitan Region includes surrounding cities and areas, covering over 60,000 km2 (23,000 sq mi), with a population of over 30 million.
Situated in the Yangtze River Delta region, Nanjing has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capital of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century to 1949, and has thus long been a major center of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism, being the home to one of the world's largest inland ports. The city is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. Nanjing has been ranked seventh in the evaluation of Cities with Strongest Comprehensive Strength issued by the National Statistics Bureau, and second in the evaluation of cities with most sustainable development potential in the Yangtze River Delta. It has also been awarded the title of 2008 Habitat Scroll of Honor of China, Special UN Habitat Scroll of Honor Award and National Civilized City. Nanjing boasts many high-quality universities and research institutes, with the number of universities listed in 100 National Key Universities ranking third, including Nanjing University which has a long history and is among the world top 10 universities ranked by Nature Index. The ratio of college students to total population ranks No.1 among large cities nationwide. Nanjing is one of the top three Chinese scientific research centers, according to the Nature Index, especially strong in the chemical sciences, and also strong in many other areas, for instance, it hosts the nation's best computer software laboratory and wireless communication laboratory in the IT field, as well as the state key laboratory for pharmaceutical biotechnology.
Nanjing, one of the nation's most important cities for over a thousand years, is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. It has been one of the world's largest cities, enjoying peace and prosperity despite wars and disasters. Nanjing served as the capital of Eastern Wu (229–280), one of the three major states in the Three Kingdoms period; the Eastern Jin and each of the Southern dynasties (Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang and Chen), which successively ruled southern China from 317–589; the Southern Tang (937–75), one of the Ten Kingdoms; the Ming dynasty when, for the first time, all of China was ruled from the city (1368–1421); and the Republic of China (1927–37, 1946–49) prior to its flight to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War. The city also served as the seat of the rebel Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1853–64) and the Japanese puppet regime of Wang Jingwei (1940–45) during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It suffered severe atrocities in both conflicts, including the Nanjing Massacre.
Nanjing has served as the capital city of Jiangsu province since the establishment of the People's Republic of China. It boasts many important heritage sites, including the Presidential Palace and Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Nanjing is famous for human historical landscapes, mountains and waters such as Fuzimiao, Ming Palace, Chaotian Palace, Porcelain Tower, Drum Tower, Stone City, City Wall, Qinhuai River, Xuanwu Lake and Purple Mountain. Key cultural facilities include Nanjing Library, Nanjing Museum and Nanjing Art Museum.
THE DEADLIEST REBELLION IN THE WORLD - THE TAIPING REBELLION - PART 2
The Taiping rebellion was the deadliest rebellion in world history. Its ties with Christianity rendered it unique in the history of China.
Thanks for watching, please LIKE and SUBSCRIBE :)
taiping rebellion
taiping uprising
taiping rebellion documentary
China in 1860.wmv
China in 1860. This presentation provides a brief overview of the history underlying the novel Yang Shen (yang-shen.info), giving the reader the historical context of China's Ch'ing (Qing) dynasty, the Opium Wars, Treaty Ports, and the Taiping Rebellion, A painless introduction to complex times that will enhance a reader's enjoyment of the novel.
Continuing the epic adventure tradition of Shōgun and Taipan, Yang Shen is a novel about the exploits of a 19th century American soldier-of-fortune who returns to China to topple the Manchu and make himself a prince, even emperor of the Chinese empire.
Yang Shen tells a story of the encounter, sometimes the clash, of Americans and Chinese. When America's civil war began, China's civil war approached its horrific end. Late imperial
China suffered severely from domestic disorder and foreign without. Into the midst of China's maelstrom came an American adventurer leading a ragtag army in defense of empire -- a man from the West grateful Chinese made into a god, a yang shen.
More than a historical adventure, Yang Shen recreates times people in America, China, and England who lived through cataclysmic events that echo still.
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion or the Taiping Civil War was a massive rebellion or civil war in China that lasted from 1850 to 1864 and was fought between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Christian millenarian movement of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace.
The Taiping Rebellion began in the southern province of Guangxi when local officials launched a campaign of religious persecution against a millenarian sect known as the God Worshipping Society led by Hong Xiuquan, who believed himself to be the younger brother of Jesus Christ. The goals of the Taipings were religious, nationalist, and political in nature; they sought the conversion of the Chinese people to the Taiping's version of Christianity, the overthrow of the ruling Manchus, and a wholesale transformation and reformation of the state.[5][6] Rather than simply supplanting the ruling class, the Taipings sought to upend the moral and social order of China.[7] The war was mostly fought in the provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hubei, but over 14 years of war the Taiping Army had marched through every province of China proper except Gansu. The war was the largest in China since the Qing conquest in 1644, and it also ranks as one of the bloodiest wars in human history, the bloodiest civil war and the largest conflict of the 19th century, with estimates of the war dead ranging from 20–70 million to as high as 100 million, with millions more displaced.[8]
Hostilities began on January 1, 1851, when the Qing Green Standard Army launched an attack against the God Worshipping Society at the town of Jintian, Guangxi. Hong declared himself the Heavenly King of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace (or Taiping Heavenly Kingdom), from which comes the term Taipings that has often been applied to them in the English language. The Taipings began marching north in September 1851 to escape Qing forces closing in on them. On March 19, 1853, the Taipings captured the city of Nanjing and Hong declared it the Heavenly Capital of his kingdom.
Hong Kong Revolution: What China is Afraid Of
By the way, Hong Xiuquan was a religious leader and revolutionary who was active in the last years of the Qing dynasty.
During that age, there were revolt movements by Buddhists or Muslims, and the Taiping Rebellion led by Hong Xiuquan lasted about fourteen years from 1850 to 1864.
The center of his activities were located in southern China; he moved from Guangzhou toward Nanjing, a Heavenly city and the capital of Taiping was the Heavenly Kingdom he tried to establish. His movement was influenced by Christianity.
So a revolution based on the Christian spirit took place on Chinese land, and temporarily the movement touched to the point where it established a nation which seemed to reverse the entire Qing dynasty. Considering that this was a really huge revolution which has been said to have resulted in twenty million deaths,
we can understand why China is afraid of religion. Revolutions often took place from religions, so it's fearful for governors.
The Taiping Rebellion.wmv
the photos steadily get further in front of the words, so they get more and more out of sync as the video goes on. cant do too much about it sorry miss.
Nanjing City in China, china online tour
for free online tour please subscribe to lookation channel via below link:
Nanjing (About this soundlisten), formerly romanized as Nanking and Nankin,[5] is the capital of Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China and the second largest city in the East China region,[b] with an administrative area of 6,600 km2 (2,500 sq mi) and a total population of 8,270,500 as of 2016.[6] The inner area of Nanjing enclosed by the city wall is Nanjing City (南京城), with an area of 55 km2 (21 sq mi), while the Nanjing Metropolitan Region includes surrounding cities and areas, covering over 60,000 km2 (23,000 sq mi), with a population of over 30 million.
Situated in the Yangtze River Delta region, Nanjing has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capital of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century to 1949,[7] and has thus long been a major center of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism, being the home to one of the world's largest inland ports. The city is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure,[8] enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province.[9] Nanjing has been ranked seventh in the evaluation of Cities with Strongest Comprehensive Strength issued by the National Statistics Bureau, and second in the evaluation of cities with most sustainable development potential in the Yangtze River Delta. It has also been awarded the title of 2008 Habitat Scroll of Honor of China, Special UN Habitat Scroll of Honor Award and National Civilized City.[10] Nanjing boasts many high-quality universities and research institutes, with the number of universities listed in 100 National Key Universities ranking third, including Nanjing University which has a long history and is among the world top 10 universities ranked by Nature Index.[11] The ratio of college students to total population ranks No.1 among large cities nationwide. Nanjing is one of the top three Chinese scientific research centers, according to the Nature Index,[12] especially strong in the chemical sciences.
Nanjing, one of the nation's most important cities for over a thousand years, is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. It has been one of the world's largest cities, enjoying peace and prosperity despite wars and disasters.[13][14][15][16] Nanjing served as the capital of Eastern Wu (229–280), one of the three major states in the Three Kingdoms period; the Eastern Jin and each of the Southern dynasties (Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang and Chen), which successively ruled southern China from 317–589; the Southern Tang (937–75), one of the Ten Kingdoms; the Ming dynasty when, for the first time, all of China was ruled from the city (1368–1421);[17] and the Republic of China (1927–37, 1946–49) prior to its flight to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War.[18] The city also served as the seat of the rebel Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1853–64) and the Japanese puppet regime of Wang Jingwei (1940–45) during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It suffered severe atrocities in both conflicts, including the Nanjing Massacre.
Nanjing has served as the capital city of Jiangsu province since the establishment of the People's Republic of China. It boasts many important heritage sites, including the Presidential Palace and Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Nanjing is famous for human historical landscapes, mountains and waters such as Fuzimiao, Ming Palace, Chaotian Palace, Porcelain Tower, Drum Tower, Stone City, City Wall, Qinhuai River, Xuanwu Lake and Purple Mountain. Key cultural facilities include Nanjing Library, Nanjing Museum and Nanjing Art Museum.
Video 2 - The Taiping Rebellion
THE FOUNDING OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA - CHINESE CIVIL WAR DOCUMENTARY PART 3
The Chinese civil war, a three decade long conflict that still divides the Chinese people, is an essential aspect of the History of China. In this Chinese civil war documentary, I talk about the war of liberation, that forced Chiang Kai Shek and the Nationalist to withdraw to Taiwan, leaving the communists to found the people's Republic of China.
PART 1 :
PART 2 :
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Top 10 Facts About the DEADLIEST War of the 19TH CENTURY
The 19th century had its fair share of wars that had high body counts. This includes the Napoleonic Wars, the Austro-Prussian War, the War of 1812, and the American Civil War. However, the bloodiest and deadliest war of the 19th was the Taiping Rebellion, which took place in China and it went from December 1850 to August 1864.
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Text version:
Coming up:
10. The First Opium War
9. The Leader of the Rebellion Claimed He was the Younger Brother of Jesus
8. Their Beliefs
7. Weapons
6. Tianjing – The Heavenly Capital
5. The Rise of the East King – Yang Xiuqing
4. The Problem with Wei Changhui
3. The Battle of Shanghai
2. The Downfall of Taiping
1. The Death Toll
Source/Further reading:
Shanghai History Museum Tour / 上海市历史博物馆 (Oriental Pearl Tower / 东方明珠塔)
The Shanghai History Museum /上海市历史博物馆, also sometimes translated as Shanghai Municipal History Museum, is a museum dedicated to the history of the city of Shanghai.
The museum's collections focuses on the approximately a hundred years in the history of Shanghai from the opening of the port in 1843 to the communist take-over in 1949. The Shanghai Municipal History Museum currently has no permanent home, with much of its collection held in storage. However, part of the collection can be seen at its exhibition room at the base of the Oriental Pearl Tower in Lujiazui, in Pudong, and other parts of the collection can be seen on loan to other specialist museums in Shanghai. The museum also mounts temporary exhibitions at other venues, such as the Shanghai Library, from time to time. In 2016, plans were announced to site the rebuilt Shanghai History Museum at the old Shanghai Race Club building, which has been empty since the Shanghai Art Museum moved out of the building.
The Shanghai History Museum was established in 1983 as the Shanghai History and Artefacts Exhibition Hall. It first opened to the public on May 27, 1984 on the premises of the Shanghai Agriculture Exhibition. The museum was moved to a new location (1286 Hong Qiao Road) and renamed to the Shanghai History Museum in 1991. The main museum was closed due to land redevelopment in 1999, but temporary exhibitions of the museum's holdings continue to be mounted elsewhere. Since May 2001, the museum has maintained an exhibition room at the base of the Oriental Pearl Tower in Lujiazui, called the Shanghai History and Development Exhibition, where select items from the museum's collection can be viewed by the public.
The exhibits at the exhibition room at the Oriental Pearl Tower exhibition room is divided into five section titled: Trace back to Huating, Style and Features in the Town, Sketch of the Port-opening, Foreign Settlement, Old footsteps in Shanghai.
The collection of the Shanghai History Museum contains more than 30,000 items. Of these, about 18,000 items pertain to the modern history of the city, a portion of these items found its way into the museum from the governors of the Foreign Concessions. Notable items in the collection include: Gu Embroidery of flowers, insects, and fish by the Ming-Dynasty needle saint Han Ximeng (韩希孟); a scroll by Hou Tongceng; the Golden Sutras of the Qi Bao Temple; a bronze cannon called General Zhen Yuan that once belonged to Chen Huacheng (1776–1842), a Qing Dynasty general responsible for Shanghai's defenses during the First Opium War; a big hua qian coin issued by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom; a pair of bronze lions from the entrance of the former HSBC Building; and boundary markers from the French Concession and the Shanghai International Settlement (1893).
The Shanghai History Museum currently has no permanent home. There have been repeated calls to rebuild a new building for the museum for many years, but commercial considerations (as the exhibition room at the Oriental Pearl Tower contributes to the commercial success of the tower as a tourist attraction) and budgetary constraints prevented this from occurring for several years. Most recently, the commitment to re-build the museum within five years was repeated during the 2011 municipal five-year plan. In 2016, plans were announced to site the rebuilt museum at the former Shanghai Race Club club house, which had been empty for several years after the Shanghai Art Museum moved out in 2012. Conversion work on the former club house were scheduled to begin 2016 and complete in 2017.
Until the new museum opens, the main temporary exhibition room is in the basement of the Oriental Pearl Tower. Other parts of the collection can be seen on loan to specialist museums within Shanghai. The museum also stages temporary exhibitions at other venues such as the Shanghai Library.
Nanjing Tourism Promotional Film, Mainland China, City Scenery
Nanjing (About this soundlisten), alternatively romanized as Nanking and Nankin, is the capital of Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China and the second largest city in the East China region,[b] with an administrative area of 6,600 km2 (2,500 sq mi) and a total population of 8,270,500 as of 2016. The inner area of Nanjing enclosed by the city wall is Nanjing City (南京城), with an area of 55 km2 (21 sq mi), while the Nanjing Metropolitan Region includes surrounding cities and areas, covering over 60,000 km2 (23,000 sq mi), with a population of over 30 million.
Situated in the Yangtze River Delta region, Nanjing has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capital of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century to 1949, and has thus long been a major center of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism, being the home to one of the world's largest inland ports. The city is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. Nanjing has been ranked seventh in the evaluation of Cities with Strongest Comprehensive Strength issued by the National Statistics Bureau, and second in the evaluation of cities with most sustainable development potential in the Yangtze River Delta. It has also been awarded the title of 2008 Habitat Scroll of Honor of China, Special UN Habitat Scroll of Honor Award and National Civilized City.
Nanjing has many high-quality universities and research institutes, with the number of universities listed in 100 National Key Universities ranking third, including Nanjing University which has a long history and is among the world top 10 universities ranked by Nature Index. The ratio of college students to total population ranks No.1 among large cities nationwide. Nanjing is one of the top three Chinese scientific research centers, according to the Nature Index, especially strong in the chemical sciences.
Nanjing, one of the nation's most important cities for over a thousand years, is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. It has been one of the world's largest cities, enjoying peace and prosperity despite wars and disasters. Nanjing served as the capital of Eastern Wu (229–280), one of the three major states in the Three Kingdoms period; the Eastern Jin and each of the Southern dynasties (Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang and Chen), which successively ruled southern China from 317–589; the Southern Tang (937–75), one of the Ten Kingdoms; the Ming dynasty when, for the first time, all of China was ruled from the city (1368–1421); and the Republic of China (1927–37, 1946–49) prior to its flight to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War. The city also served as the seat of the rebel Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1853–64) and the Japanese puppet regime of Wang Jingwei (1940–45) during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It suffered severe atrocities in both conflicts, including the Nanjing Massacre.
Nanjing has served as the capital city of Jiangsu province since the establishment of the People's Republic of China. It has many important heritage sites, including the Presidential Palace and Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Nanjing is famous for human historical landscapes, mountains and waters such as Fuzimiao, Ming Palace, Chaotian Palace, Porcelain Tower, Drum Tower, Stone City, City Wall, Qinhuai River, Xuanwu Lake and Purple Mountain. Key cultural facilities include Nanjing Library, Nanjing Museum and Nanjing Art Museum.