15th May 1940: The world's first McDonald’s restaurant opened in California
The McDonald brothers had successfully run the ‘Airdrome’ hotdog stand in Arcadia, California, for three years before they began their first McDonald's Bar-B-Que restaurant in San Bernardino. The restaurant had twenty-five items on the menu, and was typical of restaurants of its time where customers arrived by car and were served by waiting staff known as car hops.
In 1948 the brothers streamlined their entire restaurant experience when they temporarily closed the restaurant for remodelling. It reopened in October 1948 with a new design where customers ordered food directly at the counter. The brothers also reduced the number of items on the menu and introduced their Speedee Service System that adopted an assembly line approach to simplify food preparation.
Many of these design innovations had first been introduced by the White Castle hamburger chain in the 1920s, but the success of the McDonald brothers’ restaurant saw them seek opportunities to expand their business. In 1953 they began to offer franchise opportunities, firstly of the serving system and then of the entire brand including the name and the architectural design.
The aggressive expansion of the McDonald’s brand was overseen by Ray Kroc, originally a provider of milkshake machines, who persuaded the McDonald brothers to franchise the restaurants throughout the country. The brothers agreed, and received 0.5% of gross sales in franchised restaurants. Kroc completely bought the brothers out in 1961. He paid them $2.7 million for the business, and went on to create the global chain we know today.
Haas Institute Faculty Clusters Present Research Briefs
The Haas Institute hosted a Sept. 21, 2018 panel titled Towards Equity in Policy and Pedagogy where affiliated faculty members presented their new policy briefs.
The policy briefs are available for download here:
Intro:
0:03 - Oscar Dubon
2:03 - john a. powell
8:23 - Denise Herd
Panel 1:
16:45 - Osagie Obasogie
19:25 - Karen Barkey
24:39 - Janelle Scott
28:38 - Sonia Katyal
33:27 - Cybelle Fox
39:11 - Jovan Lewis
45:19 - Karen Nakamura
Panel 2:
54:28 - Mahasin Mujahid
1:00:38 - Grace Goudiss
1:07:15 - Janelle Scott
1:11:55 - Sonia Katyal
1:19:00 - Taeku Lee
1:34:05 - Susan Schweik
1:43:20 - Hilary Hoynes
1:45:56 - Q&A
Learn more about this event here:
A transcript of this event is available here:
Birthplace of a Whirlwind: The 1960 Sit-ins
Of Songs, Peace, and Struggle: Birthplace of a Whirlwind program was held at the National Museum of American History on January 14, 1995.
The program for the commemoration of the birthday of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. “Of Songs, Peace, and Struggle: Birthplace of a Whirlwind: The 1960 Greensboro Sit-Ins” took place at the National Museum of American History in the Warner Bros. Theater. The Program was organized by the Program in African American Culture and featured an address by Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee founder Diane Nash and a roundtable discussion with three of the four original sit-in demonstrators in Greensboro, North Carolina. Jibreel A-A. K-A. Khazan (Ezell A. Blair, Jr.), Franklin E. McCain, and Joseph L. McNeil were all students at North Carolina A&T State University in 1960 when they sat down at a lunch counter to protest segregation and spurred mass student-led sit-ins across the South. After the roundtable discussion there was a question and answer period and further discussion, followed by a song workshop featuring the Program in African American Culture’s Community Choir, led by Diane Nash. The program concluded with a tour of “Sitting for Justice: The Greensboro Sit-In of 1960”, which featured the Woolworth lunch counter that was the site of the demonstration, and other objects related to social change in America.
Learn more about the Greensboro Lunch Counter here
Symposium of Architectural History The Whiteness of 19th Century American Architecture
This symposium examines the racial discourses that subtended American Architecture movements during the long nineteenth century. Explore this site to learn more about the specific themes, case studies and speakers that will be featured at this event. The Whiteness of American Architecture is organized by Charles Davis II, UB assistant professor of architecture.
About the symposium
“The Whiteness of 19th Century American Architecture” is a one-day symposium in architectural history organized by the School of Architecture and Planning at the University at Buffalo. This symposium is an outgrowth of the Race + Modern Architecture Project, an interdisciplinary workshop on the racial discourses of western architectural history from the Enlightenment to the present.
Participants
- Professor Mabel O. Wilson, Columbia GSAPP
- Dianne Harris, senior program officer at the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
- Joanna Merwood-Salisbury, architectural historian
- Kathryn ‘Kate’ Holliday, architectural historian
- Charles Davis, assistant professor of architectural history and criticism at the University at Buffalo
Race + Modern Architecture Project
Race + Modern Architecture logo
The “Whiteness & American Architecture” symposium continues the research that began with the Race + Modern Architecture Project, a workshop conducted at Columbia University in 2013. The forthcoming co-edited volume, Race and Modern Architecture presents a collection of seventeen groundbreaking essays by distinguished scholars writing on the critical role of racial theory in shaping architectural discourse, from the Enlightenment to the present. The book, which grows out of a collaborative, interdisciplinary, multi-year research project, redresses longstanding neglect of racial discourses among architectural scholars. With individual essays exploring topics ranging from the role of race in eighteenth-century, Anglo-American neoclassical architecture, to 1970s radical design, the book reveals how the racial has been deployed to organize and conceptualize the spaces of modernity, from the individual building to the city to the nation to the planet.
Sponsors
- Temple Hoyne Buell Center for the Study of American Architecture - Columbia University
- Darwin D. Martin House Complex - Buffalo, NY
- School of Architecture - Victoria University of Wellington
- UB Humanities Institute - University at Buffalo, SUNY
- School of Architecture and Planning - University at Buffalo, SUNY
Purpose and Themes
Our symposium will outline a critical history of the white cultural nationalisms that have proliferated under the rubric of American Architecture during the long nineteenth century. This theme will be explored chronologically from the late-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century and regionally from representative avant-garde movements on the East Coast to the regionalist architectural styles of the Midwest and West Coast. Such movements included the neoclassical revivals of the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893, the Chicago School of Architecture and the Prairie Style, the East Bay Style on the West Coast, the Arts & Crafts movement across the continent, and various interwar movements that claimed to find unique historical origins for an autochthonous American style of building.
The five architectural historians in attendance have been charged with providing some preliminary answers to the central question of these proceedings:
What definitions of American identity have historically influenced the most celebrated national architectural movements of the long nineteenth century, and how was this influence been manifested in the labor relations, ideological commitments and material dimensions of innovative architectural forms?
National Capital Planning Commission (USA) Meeting, March 3, 2016
Proceedings from the March 2016 Meeting: Pentagon Support Operations Center; Information Presentation: Consolidated FBI Headquarters-Three Future Alternative Sites; Information Presentation: DC Water Clean Rivers Project; Information Presentation: Memorials for the Future Design Challenge.
Independent Order of Odd Fellows
The Independent Order of Odd Fellows (IOOF) is a global altruistic and benevolent fraternal organization derived from the British Oddfellows service organizations of the 18th century. There are a number of explanations of the origin of the name – for example:
In 18th century England, it was odd to find people organized for the purpose of giving aid to those in need and of pursuing projects for the benefit of all mankind. Those who belonged to such an organization were called Odd Fellows.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
San Jose, California | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
San Jose, California
00:03:33 1 History
00:03:41 1.1 Pre-Columbian period
00:04:10 1.2 Spanish period
00:06:45 1.3 Mexican period
00:08:51 1.4 American period
00:15:37 2 Geography
00:17:22 2.1 Cityscape
00:19:17 2.2 Topography
00:21:23 2.3 Climate
00:25:45 2.4 Neighborhoods and districts
00:26:39 2.5 Parks
00:29:44 2.5.1 Trails
00:30:48 2.5.2 Wildlife
00:31:54 3 Demographics
00:32:21 3.1 2010
00:37:17 3.2 2000
00:39:57 4 Economy
00:42:57 4.1 Silicon Valley
00:45:27 4.2 Media
00:46:42 4.3 Top employers
00:46:56 5 Culture
00:47:05 5.1 Architecture
00:49:04 5.2 Visual arts
00:52:16 5.3 Performing arts
00:54:05 5.4 Sports
00:56:34 5.5 Landmarks
00:57:27 5.5.1 Museums and institutions
00:59:07 6 Law and government
00:59:16 6.1 Local
01:02:22 6.2 State and federal
01:03:31 6.3 Crime
01:04:47 7 Education
01:04:56 7.1 Higher education
01:08:22 7.2 Primary and secondary education
01:10:06 7.3 Libraries
01:11:32 8 Transportation
01:11:41 8.1 Public transit
01:13:45 8.2 Air
01:14:56 8.3 Highways
01:16:57 9 Notable people
01:17:07 10 Sister Cities
01:17:41 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
San Jose (; Spanish for 'Saint Joseph'; Spanish: [saŋ xoˈse]), officially the City of San José, is an economic, cultural and political center of Silicon Valley, and the largest city in Northern California (both in population and area). With an estimated 2017 population of 1,035,317, it is the third-most populous city in California (after Los Angeles and San Diego) and the tenth-most populous in United States. Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley, on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay, San Jose covers an area of 179.97 square miles (466.1 km2). San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County, the most affluent county in California and one of the most affluent counties in the United States. San Jose is the most populous city in both the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area, which contain 7.7 million and 8.7 million people respectively.San Jose is a global city, notable as a center of innovation, for its affluence, Mediterranean climate, and extremely high cost of living. San Jose's location within the booming high tech industry, as a cultural, political, and economic center has earned the city the nickname Capital of Silicon Valley. San Jose is one of the wealthiest major cities in the United States and the world, and has the third highest GDP per capita in the world (after Zürich, Switzerland and Oslo, Norway), according to the Brookings Institution. The San Jose Metropolitan Area has the most millionaires and the most billionaires in the United States per capita. With a median home price of $1,085,000, San Jose has the most expensive housing market in the country and the fifth most expensive housing market in the world, according to the 2017 Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey. Major global tech companies including Cisco Systems, eBay, Adobe Systems, PayPal, Brocade, Samsung, Acer, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, and Western Digital maintain their headquarters in San Jose, in the center of Silicon Valley.
Before the arrival of the Spanish, the area around San Jose was inhabited by the Tamien nation of the Ohlone indigenous peoples of California. San Jose was founded on November 29, 1777, as the Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe, the first city founded in the Californias. It then became a part of Mexico in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence. Following the American Conquest of California during the Mexican–American War, the territory was ceded to the United States in 1848. After California achieved statehood two years later, San Jose became the state's first capital. Following World War II, San Jose experienced an economic boom, with a rapid population growth and aggressive annexation of nearby cities and communities carried out in the 1950s and 1960s. The rapid growth of the high-technology and electronics industries further ...
U.S. Army | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
U.S. Army
00:02:18 1 Mission
00:03:25 2 History
00:03:34 2.1 Origins
00:05:31 2.2 19th century
00:05:40 2.2.1 Early wars on the Frontier
00:08:04 2.2.2 American Civil War
00:10:13 2.2.3 Later 19th century
00:10:56 2.3 20th century
00:11:37 2.3.1 World wars
00:13:29 2.3.2 Cold War
00:13:37 2.3.2.1 1945–1960
00:14:53 2.3.2.2 1960–1970
00:16:57 2.3.2.3 1970–1990
00:18:36 2.3.3 1990s
00:19:53 2.4 21st century
00:22:55 3 Organization
00:23:04 3.1 Army components
00:26:52 3.2 Army commands and army service component commands
00:27:12 3.3 Structure
00:31:33 3.4 Combat maneuver organizations
00:33:22 3.5 Special operations forces
00:33:38 4 Personnel
00:34:01 4.1 Commissioned officers
00:35:08 4.2 Warrant officers
00:35:56 4.3 Enlisted personnel
00:36:51 4.4 Training
00:41:20 5 Equipment
00:41:41 5.1 Weapons
00:41:50 5.1.1 Individual weapons
00:43:15 5.1.2 Crew-served weapons
00:44:59 5.2 Vehicles
00:46:56 5.3 Uniforms
00:47:41 5.3.1 Berets
00:48:39 5.4 Tents
00:49:55 6 See also
00:50:04 7 Notes and references
00:50:23 8 Further reading
00:52:28 9 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1] and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001]. As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)—before the United States of America was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.As a uniformed military service, the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army, which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY) and by a chief military officer, the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It is the largest military branch, and in the fiscal year 2017, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 476,000 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 343,000 soldiers and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) had 199,000 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained, land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders. The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States.
Muslim American Journeys Listening Event
This public listening event showcased narratives from the American Folklife Center's StoryCorps collection that illustrate the diversity of Muslim-American cultural identity. The event combined collective listening to story segments from the Muslim-American Leadership Allilance collection, short audience engagement activities facilitated by a panel and a short presentation on folklife resources for ethnographic fieldwork.
Speaker Biography: Zabi Rahat is a Muslim-American Leadership Allilance contributor to the StoryCorps Muslim American Journeys project.
Speaker Biography: Supna Zaidi is a Muslim-American Leadership Allilance contributor to the StoryCorps Muslim American Journeys project.
Speaker Biography: Ahmed Salim is a Muslim-American Leadership Allilance contributor to the StoryCorps Muslim American Journeys project.
Speaker Biography: Zainab Khan is board chair and co-founder of the Muslim American Leadership Alliance (MALA), coordinator of the Muslim American Journeys project with StoryCorps, and a therapist, painter and human rights advocate.
Speaker Biography: Tamara Thompson is manager of archiving for StoryCorps.
Speaker Biography: Julia Kim is digital assets manager for the American Folklife Center in the Library of Congress.
Speaker Biography: Stephen Winick is a writer and editor for the American Folklife Center in the Library of Congress.
For transcript and more information, visit
AIR Dibrugarh Online Radio Live Stream
ALL INDIA RADIO: DIBRUGARH
PROGRAMME SCHEDULE: FOR 28-01-2020 TUESDAY & 29-01-2020 WEDNESDAY
M.W 529.1m/KHz.567 F.M. 101.30 MHz
PROGRAMME SCHEDULE: For TUESDAY 28.01.2020
TRANSMISSION III (3.28 PM to 10.30 PM)
3.28 AIR Signature Tune/Opening Announcement
3.30 Mishing Geet: Artist: Urmila Patiri
3.45 Programme in Mijumishimi
4.05 Programme in Khampti
4.25 Programme in Wancho
4.45 News in Hindi
4.55 News in English
5.00 Programme in Idu
5.20 Programme in Tangsa
5.40 Programme in Nocte
6.00 Anchalik Batori
6.05 Programme Summary
6.10 Vrindagaan:
6.15 GANYA RAIJOR ANUSTHAN (Rural Programme)/ Interview on “Mas Palonot Paripurok Khadya Jogan”
With Jibanjyoti Yein
6.45 Sandhiyar Anchalik Batori
6.55 Ajir Prasanga
7.00 News in Hindi
7.05 News in Assamese
7.15 CHAH SRAMIKOR ASOR: /(T.G. Programme)/ 1. Jhumoir: Bhadra Rajowar & Pty.
2. Short Story by Amal Kr. Horo
7.45 Adhunik Geet: Artist: Jayantajit Das
8.0 Time & Meter Reading Bijnan Jeuti (Science Magazine) 1. Bijnan Barta by Sailendra Mohan Das 2. Talk “Bhu-Tathya Prajuktibidya Aaru Eyar Prayog” By Dr. Nurul Amin
8.20 Hindi Film Song/ Film: Kya Dil Ne Kahaa, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Kya Yehi Pyar Hai, Kaho Naa Pyaar Hai
8.40 Programme Highlight
8.42 Commercial Spot:
8.45 SamacharSandhya:
9.00 News at Nine:
9.15 Commercial Spot:
9.16 Bare Rahania: (Mendolin Recital) Artist: Sanjeev Khargharia
9.25 Nishar Ancholik Batori:
9.30 Documentary“LOKA GEETAR SURADHWANI” Written by Birendra Kr. Phukan
Produced by Makhan Rajkhowa
10.00 Classical Music: (Vocal) Artist: Parveen Sultana Rag: Deen Todi & Sarang Kauns
10.30 Close Down.
PROGRAMME SCHEDULE: For WEDNESDAY 29.01.2020
TRANSMISSION I (05.28 AM to 9.35 AM)
5.28 AIR Signature Tune:
5.30 Vandemataram/Opening Announcement Mangalvadya/ Programme Announcement
5.35 Bhaktigeeti: 1. Artist: Durgamoyee Borah (Borgeet-Shankardev) 2.Artist: Bibhuranjan Choudhury & Nandita Sharma (Saraswati Bandana) 3. Artist: Ranju Bhattacharya & Gouri Bhattacharya (Saraswati Stuti) 4. Artist: Binapani Bhuyan & Queen Das (Saraswati Bandana) 5. Artist: Kolamoni Handique & Pty (Naam)
6.00 News in Hindi:
6.05 Gandhi Chinta & Programme Summary:
6.10 Swasthya Charcha; Interview on “KorkotRog” With Dr. Gayatri Gogoi Part: V
6.15 VidyarthirAnusthan:
6.30 Hindi Language Lesson: Conducted by Sachindra Sharma Pts: Aisengfa Dowarah & Snehal Chetri Part: II
6.45 Folk Music: (Dehbichargeet) Artist:Gobin Ch. Bora & Pty
7.05 News in Assamese:
7.15 “AjirDinto”/(Morning Information Service)
7.30 GEETANJALI: 1. Artist: Nasreen Halim Lyc: Nirmal Prabha Bordoloi Ashrur Bhasha Jodi… 2. Artist:Nasrat Hussain Lyc: Karabi Deka Hazarika Momor Puhor… 3. Artist: Nibedita Bora Lyc: Surya Kr. Raja Pakhi Meli…. 4. Artist: Nawab Altaf Ali Ahmed Lyc: Geeta Hatikakoti Tumar Kulat… 5. Artist: Neelakshi Devi Lyc: Vinod Pathak Gose Bone…
7.55 Commercial Spot:
8.00 Samachar Prabhat:
8.15 Morning News
8.30 North East News Bulletin in English:
8.35 “SURAR PANCHOI” (Composite)Assamese Film Song
8.50 Puwar Anchalik Batori
9.00 Jilar Rehrup:
9.05 “ANTARA” (Composite) Hindi Film Songs/
9.35 Close Down.
TRANSMISSION II (11.28 AM to 3.30 PM)
11.58 AIR Signature Tune/Opening Announcement
12.00 News in English
12.05 “SURAR SATSORI”/(Request Prog. of Assamese Songs)
1.00 News in English
1.05 News in Hindi
1.10 Troops Programme
1.40 Newsin Assamese
1.50 Quotation: Adhunik Geet: Artist: Bornali Buragohain
2.00 Khetir Diha
2.05 Ghazal: Artist: Shumona Roy Biswas
2.15 Dopahar Samachar
2.30 Western Music:
3.00 Close Down.
TRANSMISSION III (3.28 PM to 10.30 PM)
3.28 AIR Signature Tune/ Opening Announcement:
3.30 Deori Songs: Artist: Bhupen Deori & Pty
3.45 Programme in Mijumishimi
4.05 Programme in Khampti
4.25 Programme in Wancho
4.45 News in Hindi
4.55 News in English
5.00 Programme in Idu
5.20 Programme in Tangsa
5.40 Programme in Nocte
6.00 Anchalik Batori
6.05 Programme Summary
6.10 Vrindagaan:
6.15 Quotation: GAYAN RAIJOR ANUSTHAN/Interview on “Asomot Soyabeen Khetir Sambhabana” With Dr. Kalyan Pathak
6.45 SandhiyarAnchalik Batori
6.55 Ajir Prasanga
7.00 News in Hindi
7.05 News in Assamese
7.15 “Karpumpuli” Weekly News Bulletin Artist: 1. Ajit Kr. Taye (Anu-Nitom) 2. GajenNarah (Anu-Nitom)
7.35 UjjalBhabishyat: Talk on “Kutir Shilpor Jugadi Atmoshanthapon Aru Niyogar Subidha” By Mohan Saikia
7.45 Adhunik Geet: Artist: Bornali Buragohain
8.00 Time & Meter Reading: Quotation Parikrama
8.15 Ghazal & Quawali: Artist: Roop Kumar Rathor & Sonali Rathor, Mohammad Rafi, Sabri Brothers
8.40 Programme Highlight
8.42 Commercial Spot
8.45 Samachar Sandhya:
9.00 News at Nine
9.15 Commercial Spot:
9.16 Bare Rahania: (Goalporia Lokageet) Artist: Banikona Ghoshal
9.25 Nishar Anchalik Batori:
9.30 Interview with Dr. Paramananda Rajbongshi Out Going President of Asom Sahitya Sabha and Shri Kuladhar Saikia Newly Elected President of Asom Sahitya Sobha
10.00 Radio Report on Beating Retreat Ceremony
10.30 Close Down.
United States Army | Wikipedia audio article
The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1] and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001]. As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)—before the United States of America was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.As a uniformed military service, the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army, which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY) and by a chief military officer, the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It is the largest military branch, and in the fiscal year 2017, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 476,000 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 343,000 soldiers and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) had 199,000 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained, land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders. The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States.
Clarice Smith Distinguished Lecture Series: Sylvia Yount
Sylvia Yount is the Lawrence A. Fleischman Curator in Charge of the American Wing at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where she oversees fine and decorative arts from the colonial period to the early twentieth century. In her curatorial and administrative practice, Yount works to expand and enrich traditional collection and gallery narratives by including Latin and Native American art as well as work by women and artists of color. Her presentation explores the challenges and opportunities of these efforts in the context of shifting definitions of American art and identity, both past and present.
Lectures begin at 6:30 p.m. Free tickets in the G Street Lobby at 6 p.m.
The Clarice Smith Distinguished Lectures in American Art highlight excellence and innovation in American art through evenings with an outstanding artist, critic, and scholar. These talks are a forum for discussing the creative experience and what American art is today.
This annual series is made possible by the generosity of Clarice Smith.
Video Games and Art Discussion Panel
Curator Michael Mansfield discusses the video games included in Watch This! with their creators Ed Fries and Kellee Santiago.
San Francisco, California | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
San Francisco, California
00:04:16 1 History
00:16:49 2 Geography
00:20:02 2.1 Cityscape
00:20:10 2.1.1 Neighborhoods
00:25:05 2.2 Climate
00:28:52 3 Demographics
00:29:55 3.1 Race, ethnicity, religion, and languages
00:33:24 3.1.1 Ethnic clustering
00:34:40 3.2 Education, households, and income
00:37:17 3.3 Homelessness
00:38:40 4 Economy
00:45:11 4.1 Technology
00:46:55 4.2 Tourism and conventions
00:49:14 5 Culture and contemporary life
00:53:55 5.1 LGBT
00:55:22 5.2 Entertainment and performing arts
00:56:43 5.3 Museums
00:58:09 5.4 Nicknames
00:58:43 6 Sports
01:01:56 7 Beaches and parks
01:04:02 8 Law and government
01:07:29 8.1 Crime
01:08:58 8.2 Gangs
01:10:09 8.3 Public safety
01:10:43 9 Education
01:10:52 9.1 Colleges and universities
01:14:00 9.2 Primary and secondary schools
01:14:51 9.3 Early education
01:15:21 10 Media
01:18:33 11 Transportation
01:18:42 11.1 Freeways and roads
01:20:19 11.2 Public transportation
01:23:11 11.3 Airports
01:24:13 11.4 Cycling and walking
01:26:14 12 International relations
01:26:36 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
San Francisco (SF; ; Spanish for 'Saint Francis'; Spanish: [ˈsãɱ fɾãnˈsisko]), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. San Francisco is the 13th most populous city in the United States, and the 4th most populous in California, with 884,363 residents as of 2017. It covers an area of about 46.89 square miles (121.4 km2), mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area, making it the second most densely populated large US city, and the fifth most densely populated U.S. county, behind only four of the five New York City boroughs. San Francisco is also part of the fifth most populous primary statistical area in the United States, the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area (8.8 million residents).
As of 2017, it was the 7th highest-income county in the United States, with a per capita personal income of $119,868. The San Francisco CSA was the country's 3rd largest urban economy as of 2017, with a GDP of $878 billion. Of the 574 primary statistical areas in the US, the San Francisco CSA had the highest GDP per capita in 2017, at $99,347 per capita. San Francisco was ranked 14th in the world and third in the United States on the Global Financial Centres Index as of September 2018.San Francisco was founded on June 29, 1776, when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away, all named for St. Francis of Assisi. The California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856. San Francisco's status as the West Coast's largest city peaked between 1870 and 1900, when around 25% of California's population resided in the city. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a major port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. It then became the birthplace of the United Nations in 1945. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, significant immigration, liberalizing attitudes, along with the rise of the hippie counterculture, the Sexual Revolution, the Peace Movement growing from opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines.
A popular tourist destination, San Francisco is known for its cool summers, fog, steep rolling hills, eclectic mix of architecture, and landm ...
New Perspectives on Health & Literacy
The Library sponsored a day-long symposium on literacy and heath, focusing on literacy in all its forms and how literacy affects personal well-being. The event was sponsored in cooperation with Nemours Children's Health System.
For transcript and more information, visit
Bobby Seale @ the Barbara Lee & Elihu Harris Lecture Series
Bobby Seale, co-founder of the Black Panther Party, speaks on The future of human liberation: From the Black Panther Party forward and beyond current conditions at Merritt College on February 27, 2016
This is the fourteenth lecture in the Barbara Lee & Elihu Harris lecture series, produced by the Martin Luther King Jr Freedom Center and Merritt College
Seven Decades of Firsts with Seven CDC Directors
In this special event celebrating CDC’s 70th anniversary, six former directors and CDC’s current director shared their personal perspectives from their tenure at CDC.
Comments on this video are allowed in accordance with our comment policy:
This video can also be viewed at
Sacramento, California | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sacramento, California
00:02:46 1 History
00:02:55 1.1 Pre-Columbian period
00:03:29 1.2 Spanish period
00:04:23 1.3 Mexican period
00:05:39 1.4 American period
00:11:05 1.5 Modern era
00:15:22 2 Geography
00:16:37 2.1 Cityscape
00:16:45 2.1.1 City neighborhoods
00:19:29 2.2 Climate
00:23:44 3 Demographics
00:24:22 3.1 2010
00:29:51 3.2 2000
00:32:48 4 Economy
00:34:00 4.1 Top employers
00:34:13 5 Culture
00:34:22 5.1 Performing arts
00:36:46 5.2 Visual arts
00:37:33 5.3 Museums
00:39:59 5.4 Music
00:41:35 5.5 Film
00:42:38 5.6 Cuisine
00:44:35 5.7 LGBTQ
00:45:22 5.8 Old Sacramento
00:46:57 5.9 Chinatown
00:49:13 6 Sports
00:51:36 7 Parks and recreation
00:54:26 8 Government
00:55:44 8.1 State and Federal representation
00:56:22 9 Education
00:56:31 9.1 Higher education
01:01:33 9.2 Primary & secondary education
01:04:26 10 Media
01:04:35 10.1 Magazines
01:04:52 10.2 Newspapers
01:06:12 10.3 Radio
01:06:20 10.4 Television stations
01:06:29 11 Transportation
01:06:47 11.1 Roads and highways
01:08:44 11.2 Rail service
01:11:07 11.3 Airport
01:12:02 11.4 Other transportation options
01:14:36 12 Notable residents
01:14:45 13 Sister cities
01:15:01 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Sacramento ( SAK-rə-MEN-toh; Spanish: [sakɾaˈmento]) is the capital city of the U.S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County. Located at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in Northern California's Sacramento Valley, Sacramento's estimated 2018 population of 501,334 makes it the sixth-largest city in California and the 9th largest capital in the United States. Sacramento is the seat of the California Assembly, the Governor of California, and Supreme Court of California, making it the state's political center and a hub for lobbying and think tanks. Sacramento is also the cultural and economic core of the Sacramento metropolitan area, which had 2010 population of 2,414,783, making it the fifth largest in California.Sacramento is the fastest-growing major city in California, owing to its status as notable financial center on the West Coast and as a major educational hub, home of Sacramento State University and University of California, Davis. Similarly, Sacramento is a major center for the California healthcare industry, as the seat of Sutter Health, the world-renowned UC Davis Medical Center, and the UC Davis School of Medicine, and notable tourist destination in California, as the site of The California Museum, the Crocker Art Museum, California Hall of Fame, the California State Capitol Museum, and the Old Sacramento State Historic Park. Sacramento is known for its evolving contemporary culture, dubbed the most hipster city in California. In 2002, the Harvard University Civil Rights Project conducted for Time magazine named Sacramento America's Most Diverse City.Before the arrival of the Spanish, the area was inhabited by the Nisenan people indigenous peoples of California. Spanish cavalryman Gabriel Moraga named surveyed and named the Rio del Santísimo Sacramento (Sacramento River) in 1808, after the Blessed Sacrament, referring to the Eucharist in the Catholic Church. In 1839, Juan Bautista Alvarado, Mexican governor of Alta California granted the responsibility of colonizing the Sacramento Valley to Swiss-born, Mexican citizen John Augustus Sutter, who subsequently established Sutter's Fort and the settlement at the Rancho Nueva Helvetia. Following the American Conquest of California and the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, the waterfront developed by Sutter began to be developed and incorporated in 1850 as the City of Sacramento. As a result of the California Gold Rush, Sacramento became a major commercial center and distribution point for Northern California, serving as the terminus for the Pony Express and the First Transcontinental Railroad.
University of California, Berkeley | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
University of California, Berkeley
00:02:55 1 History
00:08:39 1.1 Name
00:09:27 1.2 Controversies
00:11:29 2 Academics
00:13:21 2.1 Undergraduate programs
00:15:23 2.2 Graduate and professional programs
00:17:02 2.3 Faculty and research
00:18:08 2.4 Library system
00:19:52 2.5 Rankings and reputation
00:20:38 2.5.1 Global
00:21:48 2.5.2 National
00:23:03 3 Discoveries and innovation
00:23:19 3.1 Natural sciences
00:26:11 3.2 Computer and applied sciences
00:28:14 3.3 Companies and entrepreneurship
00:30:19 4 Campus
00:32:59 4.1 Architecture
00:35:16 4.2 Natural features
00:36:41 4.3 Environmental record
00:37:43 5 Organization and administration
00:39:47 5.1 Funding
00:43:45 5.1.1 Financial aid and scholarship programs
00:44:16 6 Admissions and enrollment
00:45:46 7 Student life and traditions
00:49:26 7.1 Student housing
00:49:53 7.1.1 University housing
00:52:13 7.1.2 Cooperative housing
00:54:06 7.1.3 Fraternities and sororities
00:54:26 7.2 Student-run organizations
00:54:36 7.2.1 Student government
00:56:03 7.2.2 Communications media
00:57:35 7.2.3 Student groups
01:03:54 7.3 Athletics
01:07:16 7.3.1 California – Stanford rivalry
01:08:12 7.3.2 National championships
01:08:39 8 Notable alumni, faculty, and staff
01:09:14 8.1 Faculty
01:10:45 8.2 Alumni
01:29:47 9 See also
01:30:11 10 Notes and references
01:30:21 11 Further reading and viewing
01:32:09 12 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a top-ranked public research university in the United States. Located in the city of Berkeley, it was founded in 1868, and serves as the flagship institution of the ten research universities affiliated with the University of California system. Berkeley has since grown to instruct over 40,000 students in approximately 350 undergraduate and graduate degree programs covering numerous disciplines.Berkeley is one of the 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities, with $789 million in R&D expenditures in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2015. Today, Berkeley maintains close relationships with three United States Department of Energy National Laboratories—Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory—and is home to many institutes, including the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and the Space Sciences Laboratory. Through its partner institution University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Berkeley also offers a joint medical program at the UCSF Medical Center.As of October 2018, Berkeley alumni, faculty members and researchers include 107 Nobel laureates, 25 Turing Awards winners, and 14 Fields Medalists. They have also won 9 Wolf Prizes, 45 MacArthur Fellowships, 20 Academy Awards, 14 Pulitzer Prizes and 207 Olympic medals (117 gold, 51 silver and 39 bronze). In 1930, Ernest Lawrence invented the cyclotron at Berkeley, based on which UC Berkeley researchers along with Berkeley Lab have discovered or co-discovered 16 chemical elements of the periodic table – more than any other university in the world. During the 1940s, Berkeley physicist J. R. Oppenheimer, the Father of the Atomic Bomb, led the Manhattan project to create the first atomic bomb. In the 1960s, Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the Anti-Vietnam War Movement led by its students. In the 21st century, Berkeley has become one of the leading universities in producing entrepreneurs and its alumni have founded a large number of companies worldwide.Berkeley is often ranked as a top-ten university in the world and as the top public university in the United States. For 2017–18, the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) ranked Berkeley 5th in the world. Berkeley also ranks 6th internationally in the CWUR World University Rankings. It is additionally ranked 4th in the world by U.S. News & World Report. Berkeley is ra ...
San Francisco | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
San Francisco
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
San Francisco (SF; ; Spanish for 'Saint Francis'; Spanish: [ˈsãɱ fɾãnˈsisko]), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. San Francisco is the 13th most populous city in the United States, and the 4th most populous in California, with 884,363 residents as of 2017. It covers an area of about 46.89 square miles (121.4 km2), mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area, making it the second most densely populated large US city, and the fifth most densely populated U.S. county, behind only four of the five New York City boroughs. San Francisco is also part of the fifth most populous primary statistical area in the United States, the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area (8.8 million residents).
As of 2017, it was the 7th highest-income county in the United States, with a per capita personal income of $119,868. The San Francisco CSA was the country's 3rd largest urban economy as of 2017, with a GDP of $878 billion. Of the 574 primary statistical areas in the US, the San Francisco CSA had the highest GDP per capita in 2017, at $99,347 per capita. San Francisco was ranked 14th in the world and third in the United States on the Global Financial Centres Index as of September 2018.San Francisco was founded on June 29, 1776, when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away, all named for St. Francis of Assisi. The California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856. San Francisco's status as the West Coast's largest city peaked between 1870 and 1900, when around 25% of California's population resided in the city. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a major port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. It then became the birthplace of the United Nations in 1945. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, significant immigration, liberalizing attitudes, along with the rise of the hippie counterculture, the Sexual Revolution, the Peace Movement growing from opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines.
A popular tourist destination, San Francisco is known for its cool summers, fog, steep rolling hills, eclectic mix of architecture, and landmarks, including the Golden Gate Bridge, cable cars, the former Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, Fisherman's Wharf, and its Chinatown district. San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co., Gap Inc., Fitbit, Salesforce.com, Dropbox, Reddit, Square, Inc., Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, Craigslist, and Weather Underground. It is home to a number of educational and cultural institutions, such as the University of San Francisco (USF), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco State University (SFSU), the De Young Museum, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and the California Academy of Sciences.
As of 2018, San Francisco is the highest rated American city on world liveability rankings.