Hafnarfjörður Art Museum
Central to Hafnarfjörður´s art scene is Hafnarborg, The Hafnarfjörður Centre of Culture and Fine Art, where various cultural events take place.
The museum has two exhibition galleries and the exhibitions change regularly. The exhibitions explore works by leading Icelandic artists, ranging from contemporary art to works by the pioneers of Icelandic art. Collection exhibitions are a regular part of the program. The Hafnarborg collection is mostly Icelandic with emphasis on works by Eiríkur Smith (b.1925) a leading 20th century artist in Iceland. Hafnarborg offers lunchtime concerts and chamber music regularly.
The museum was formally opened in May 1988, after Dr. Sverrir Magnússon and his wife Ingibjörg Sigurjónsdóttir laid the foundation for Hafnarborg by donating their considerable collection of art and their house in the centre of Hafnarfjördur. The collection has grown considerably since then, both through purchases made and through gifts from artists and collectors. The Art Institute of Hafnarborg is run by the Town of Hafnarfjördur and it protects the art collection of the Municipality.
The museum hosts a dynamic educational program in connection with its exhibitions. Guided tours in english are available upon request. Hafnarborg is also a popular concert hall and hosts a free lunch concert the first Thursday of every month.
The museum´s café is run by Gló, a health food restaurant. The menu consists of raw food specials and warm vegetarian or meat courses. The restaurant also offers coffee, cakes and desserts.
Hafnarborg
The Hafnarfjörður Centre of Culture and Fine Art exhibits works by leading Icelandic and international artists. The temporary exhibition program displays contemporary artists and established artists from early 20th century. The exhibitions have explored Icelandic art history, ranging from important works by the pioneers of Icelandic art to the more experimental art of today. The collection is mostly Icelandic with emphasis on works of Eiríkur Smith (b.1925) a leading 20th century Icelandic artist. Collection exhibitions are a regular part of the program. Around exhibitions are workshops, guided tours, seminars and an educational program for schools. Guided tours in English upon request. Hafnarborg offers lunchtime concerts and chamber music regularly. Hafnarborg runs an artist in residence program. Café Maður lifandi in Hafnarborg is renowned for healthy food and serves light courses, coffee and cakes.
news January 11, 2013
Icelandic visual art openings;
OPENINGS on JANUARY 11, 2013
*Galleri Þoka / Þorvaldur Jónsson / Laugarvegur 25, Reykjavik / AT 4PM
*Kaffistofa student´s galleri - Icelandic Academy of the Arts / Logi Leó Gunnarsson / Hverfisgata 42, Reykjavik / AT 8PM
OPENINGS on JANUARY 12, 2013
*King & Bang / Jóna Hlíf Halldórsdóttir & Guðjón Sigurður Tryggvason / Hverfisgata 42, Reykjavík / 2PM
*Hafnarborg - The Hafnarfjörður Center of Culture & fine art / Björk Viggósdóttir / Ingólfur Árnason / Strandgata 34, Hafnarfjörður / 3PM
*Gerðarsafn / Helgi Þorgils Friðjónsson / Hamraborg 4, Kópavogur / 3PM
*ASÍ Art Museum / Bjarki Bragason / Freyjugat 41, Reykjavík / 3PM
*Kunstschlager / Ásta Fanney Sigurpardóttir / Rauðarástígur 1, Reykjavík / 5PM
Open house 7912 Iceland Gull st Winter Garden Fl
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Iceland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Iceland
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Iceland (Icelandic: Ísland [ˈistlant]) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic, with a population of 348,580 and an area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi), making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Reykjavík. Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.
Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.
According to the ancient manuscript Landnámabók, the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island. In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e., slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin. The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies. Following a period of civil strife, Iceland acceded to Norwegian rule in the 13th century. The establishment of the Kalmar Union in 1397 united the kingdoms of Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. Iceland thus followed Norway's integration into that union, coming under Danish rule after Sweden's secession from the union in 1523. Although the Danish kingdom introduced Lutheranism forcefully in 1550, Iceland remained a distant semi-colonial territory in which Danish institutions and infrastructures were conspicuous by their absence. In the wake of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, Iceland's struggle for independence took form and culminated in independence in 1918 and the founding of a republic in 1944. Until the 20th century, Iceland relied largely on subsistence fishing and agriculture, and was among the poorest countries in Europe. Industrialisation of the fisheries and Marshall Plan aid following World War II brought prosperity and Iceland became one of the wealthiest and most developed nations in the world. In 1994, it became a part of the European Economic Area, which further diversified the economy into sectors such as finance, biotechnology, and manufacturing.
Iceland has a market economy with relatively low taxes, compared to other OECD countries. It maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens. Iceland ranks high in economic, political, and social stability and equality. In 2016, it was ranked as the ninth most developed country in the world by the United Nations' Human Development Index, and it ranks first on the Global Peace Index. Iceland runs almost completely on renewable energy. Affected by the ongoing worldwide financial crisis, the nation's entire banking system systemically failed in October 2008, leading to a severe depression, substantial political unrest, the Icesave dispute, and the institution of capital controls. Some bankers were jailed. Since then, the economy has made a significant recovery, in large part due to a surge in tourism.Icelandic culture is founded upon the nation's Scandinavian heritage. Most Icelanders are descendants of Norse and Gaelic settlers. Icelandic, a North Germanic language, is descended from Old West Norse and is closely related to Faroese and West Norwegian dialects. The country's cultural heritage includes traditional Icelandic cuisine, Icelandic literature, and medieval sagas. Iceland has the smallest population of any NATO member and is the only one with no standing army, with a lightly armed coast guard.
Iceland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Iceland
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Iceland (Icelandic: Ísland [ˈistlant]) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic, with a population of 348,580 and an area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi), making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Reykjavík. Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.
Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.
According to the ancient manuscript Landnámabók, the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island. In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e., slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin. The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies. Following a period of civil strife, Iceland acceded to Norwegian rule in the 13th century. The establishment of the Kalmar Union in 1397 united the kingdoms of Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. Iceland thus followed Norway's integration into that union, coming under Danish rule after Sweden's secession from the union in 1523. Although the Danish kingdom introduced Lutheranism forcefully in 1550, Iceland remained a distant semi-colonial territory in which Danish institutions and infrastructures were conspicuous by their absence. In the wake of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, Iceland's struggle for independence took form and culminated in independence in 1918 and the founding of a republic in 1944. Until the 20th century, Iceland relied largely on subsistence fishing and agriculture, and was among the poorest countries in Europe. Industrialisation of the fisheries and Marshall Plan aid following World War II brought prosperity and Iceland became one of the wealthiest and most developed nations in the world. In 1994, it became a part of the European Economic Area, which further diversified the economy into sectors such as finance, biotechnology, and manufacturing.
Iceland has a market economy with relatively low taxes, compared to other OECD countries. It maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens. Iceland ranks high in economic, political, and social stability and equality. In 2016, it was ranked as the ninth most developed country in the world by the United Nations' Human Development Index, and it ranks first on the Global Peace Index. Iceland runs almost completely on renewable energy. Affected by the ongoing worldwide financial crisis, the nation's entire banking system systemically failed in October 2008, leading to a severe depression, substantial political unrest, the Icesave dispute, and the institution of capital controls. Some bankers were jailed. Since then, the economy has made a significant recovery, in large part due to a surge in tourism.Icelandic culture is founded upon the nation's Scandinavian heritage. Most Icelanders are descendants of Norse and Gaelic settlers. Icelandic, a North Germanic language, is descended from Old West Norse and is closely related to Faroese and West Norwegian dialects. The country's cultural heritage includes traditional Icelandic cuisine, Icelandic literature, and medieval sagas. Iceland has the smallest population of any NATO member and is the only one with no standing army, with a lightly armed coast guard.
Reykjavík | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:17 1 History
00:04:12 1.1 Rise of nationalism
00:06:03 1.2 World War II
00:07:48 1.3 Post-war development
00:09:09 2 Geography
00:11:32 2.1 Climate
00:14:32 3 Cityscape
00:14:41 4 City administration
00:15:49 4.1 Political control
00:18:29 4.2 Mayor
00:19:22 5 Demographics
00:21:06 5.1 Districts
00:21:55 6 Economy
00:22:45 7 Infrastructure
00:22:54 7.1 Roads
00:23:40 7.2 Airports and seaports
00:24:29 7.3 Railways
00:24:52 7.4 District heating
00:25:42 8 Cultural heritage
00:26:25 9 Lifestyle
00:26:34 9.1 Nightlife
00:27:33 9.2 Live music
00:28:11 9.3 New Year's Eve
00:28:40 9.4 Street Art
00:28:59 10 Main sights
00:30:39 11 Recreation
00:31:14 12 Education
00:31:23 12.1 Secondary schools
00:32:04 12.2 Universities
00:32:20 12.3 International schools
00:32:36 13 Sports teams
00:32:46 13.1 Football
00:32:54 13.1.1 Úrvalsdeild
00:33:03 13.1.2 1. deild karla
00:33:29 13.2 Other
00:33:38 14 Twin towns and sister cities
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9039241625013086
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Reykjavík ( RAYK-yə-vik, -veek; Icelandic: [ˈreiːcaˌviːk] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Iceland. It is located in southwestern Iceland, on the southern shore of Faxaflói bay. Its latitude is 64°08' N, making it the world's northernmost capital of a sovereign state. With a population of around 128,793 (and 228,231 in the Capital Region), it is the center of Iceland's cultural, economic and governmental activity, and is a popular tourist destination.
Reykjavík is believed to be the location of the first permanent settlement in Iceland, which, according to Landnámabók, was established by Ingólfr Arnarson in AD 874. Until the 19th century, there was no urban development in the city location. The city was founded in 1785 as an official trading town and grew steadily over the following decades, as it transformed into a regional and later national centre of commerce, population, and governmental activities. It is among the cleanest, greenest, and safest cities in the world.
Reformation | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:06:45 1 Origins and early history
00:06:55 1.1 Earlier reform movements
00:11:00 1.2 Magisterial Reformation
00:14:51 1.3 Radical Reformation
00:16:05 1.4 Literacy
00:18:25 1.5 Causes of the Reformation
00:20:30 2 Reformation in Germany
00:25:12 3 Reformation outside Germany
00:25:34 3.1 Austria
00:26:13 3.2 Czech Lands
00:26:31 3.2.1 Jan Hus
00:27:10 3.2.2 Hussite movement
00:28:50 3.3 Switzerland
00:29:12 3.3.1 Huldrych Zwingli
00:32:30 3.3.2 John Calvin
00:34:58 3.4 Nordic countries
00:35:34 3.4.1 Sweden
00:36:44 3.4.2 Finland
00:36:52 3.4.3 Denmark
00:38:00 3.4.4 Faroe Islands
00:38:09 3.4.5 Iceland
00:39:27 3.5 England
00:39:36 3.5.1 Church of England
00:44:26 3.5.2 English dissenters
00:48:35 3.6 Wales
00:49:37 3.7 Scotland
00:51:14 3.8 Estonia
00:51:23 3.9 Ethiopia
00:51:31 3.10 France
00:56:52 3.11 Spain
01:01:29 3.12 Portugal
01:01:49 3.13 Netherlands
01:02:52 3.14 Belgium
01:03:45 3.15 Latvia
01:03:54 3.16 Luxembourg
01:04:15 3.17 Hungary
01:08:20 3.18 Romania
01:08:59 3.19 Ukraine
01:09:23 3.20 Belarus
01:09:43 3.21 Ireland
01:11:31 3.22 Italy
01:13:37 3.23 Poland and Lithuania
01:16:38 3.24 Moldova
01:17:05 3.25 Slovenia
01:17:44 3.26 Slovakia
01:18:31 3.27 Croatia
01:18:44 3.28 Serbia
01:18:57 3.29 Greece
01:20:40 3.30 Ottoman Empire
01:20:49 4 Spread
01:21:59 5 Conclusion and legacy
01:24:11 5.1 Thirty Years' War: 1618–1648
01:26:30 5.2 Consequences of the Reformation
01:26:55 5.2.1 Human capital formation
01:27:32 5.2.2 Protestant ethic
01:28:10 5.2.3 Economic development
01:28:44 5.2.4 Governance
01:29:47 5.2.5 Negative outcomes
01:30:44 5.3 Historiography
01:31:47 5.4 Music and art
01:35:34 6 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7694360468860285
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Reformation (more fully the Protestant Reformation, or the European Reformation) was a movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe. Although the Reformation is usually considered to have started with the publication of the Ninety-five Theses by Martin Luther in 1517, there was no schism until the 1521 Edict of Worms. The edicts of the Diet condemned Luther and officially banned citizens of the Holy Roman Empire from defending or propagating his ideas. The end of the Reformation era is disputed, it could be considered to end with the enactment of the confessions of faith which began the Age of Orthodoxy. Other suggested ending years relate to the Counter-Reformation, the Peace of Westphalia, or that it never ended since there are still Protestants today.
Movements had been made towards a Reformation prior to Luther, so some Protestants in the tradition of the Radical Reformation prefer to credit the start of the Reformation to reformers such as Arnold of Brescia, Peter Waldo, Jan Hus, Tomáš Štítný ze Štítného, John Wycliffe, and Girolamo Savonarola. Due to the reform efforts of Huss and others in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown, Utraquist Hussitism was officially acknowledged by both the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, although other movements were still subject to persecution, as were the including Lollards in England and Waldensians in Italy and France.
Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Treasury of Merit had no foundation in the Bible. The Reformation developed further to include a distinction between Law and Gospel, a complete reliance on Scripture as the only source of proper doctrine (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus is the only way to receive God's pardon for sin (sola fide) rather than good works. Although this is generally considered a Protestant belief, a similar formulation was taught by Molinist and Jansenist Catholics. The priesthood of all believers downplayed the need for saints or priests to serve as mediators, and ...
Iceland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Iceland
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Iceland (Icelandic: Ísland [ˈistlant]) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic, with a population of 348,580 and an area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi), making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Reykjavík. Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.
Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.
According to the ancient manuscript Landnámabók, the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island. In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e., slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin. The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies. Following a period of civil strife, Iceland acceded to Norwegian rule in the 13th century. The establishment of the Kalmar Union in 1397 united the kingdoms of Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. Iceland thus followed Norway's integration into that union, coming under Danish rule after Sweden's secession from the union in 1523. Although the Danish kingdom introduced Lutheranism forcefully in 1550, Iceland remained a distant semi-colonial territory in which Danish institutions and infrastructures were conspicuous by their absence. In the wake of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, Iceland's struggle for independence took form and culminated in independence in 1918 and the founding of a republic in 1944. Until the 20th century, Iceland relied largely on subsistence fishing and agriculture, and was among the poorest countries in Europe. Industrialisation of the fisheries and Marshall Plan aid following World War II brought prosperity and Iceland became one of the wealthiest and most developed nations in the world. In 1994, it became a part of the European Economic Area, which further diversified the economy into sectors such as finance, biotechnology, and manufacturing.
Iceland has a market economy with relatively low taxes, compared to other OECD countries. It maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens. Iceland ranks high in economic, political, and social stability and equality. In 2016, it was ranked as the ninth most developed country in the world by the United Nations' Human Development Index, and it ranks first on the Global Peace Index. Iceland runs almost completely on renewable energy. Affected by the ongoing worldwide financial crisis, the nation's entire banking system systemically failed in October 2008, leading to a severe depression, substantial political unrest, the Icesave dispute, and the institution of capital controls. Some bankers were jailed. Since then, the economy has made a significant recovery, in large part due to a surge in tourism.Icelandic culture is founded upon the nation's Scandinavian heritage. Most Icelanders are descendants of Norse and Gaelic settlers. Icelandic, a North Germanic language, is descended from Old West Norse and is closely related to Faroese and West Norwegian dialects. The country's cultural heritage includes traditional Icelandic cuisine, Icelandic literature, and medieval sagas. Iceland has the smallest population of any NATO member and is the only one with no standing army, with a lightly armed coast guard.