Актывісты супраць нэанацызму ў РПЦ | Christian activists against neo-Nazis in Russia Orthodox church
Беларусам неабходна распачаць грамадзянскую кампанію, каб змусіць дзяржаўныя праваахоўныя ворганы і мясцовае кіраўніцтва Праваслаўнай царквы не дапускаць у царкоўным асяроддзі прапаганды нацысцкіх ды імперскіх поглядаў. Бо гэта рэальная пагроза нашай незалежнасці. Пра гэта «Белсату» паведаміў сустаршыня «Беларускай хрысціянскай дэмакратыі» Павел Севярынец. Паводле палітыка, так званы «русскій мір» распаўсюджваецца па Беларусі ў тым ліку і праз праваслаўныя епархіі.
Priest Kanstantsin Burykin, known as ‘Father with swastikas’ is just a symptom of the big problems faced by the Orthodox Church in Belarus. According to democratic activists, such cases are not uncommon in some dioceses of the Russian Orthodox Church where the so-called ‘Russian World’ blooms and hostility to the Belarusian language and independence is incited. More:
Фота: nn.by
Автор проекта «BATUSHKA ответит» Александр Кухта побывал в Калачёвской епархии РПЦ.
13 марта 2018 года в Волжском благочинии побывал популярный видео-блогер и автор проекта «BATUSHKA ответит» священник из республики Беларусь Александр Кухта. Встречи со студентами городских вузов (Волжского гуманитарного института и института экономики, педагогики и права), а также в ДПЦ «Покров» при Соборном храме были организованы отделом религиозного образования и катехизации Калачёвской епархии и Епархиальным отделом по делам молодежи. Визит священника-блогера вызвал интерес не только среди молодежи, но и у представителей местных СМИ. При этом разговор с заместителем председателя Синодального миссионерского отдела Белорусской Православной Церкви не ограничился заявленной темой о христианской миссии в сети Интернет. Каждый участник встреч мог задать любой вопрос и получить ответ от батюшки.
14 марта, священник Александр Кухта посетил Волгоград: он выступил в ГИИК (Институт Культуры), затем в ВГСПУ (Педагогический Университет) и в Центре социальной защиты населения Дзержинского района.
Кроме того, батюшка выступит с лекциями в г. Калач-на-Дону.
-------------------------
13 марта 2018г., в Волжский приехал долгожданный белорусский священник-блогер, автор популярного видеоблога «BATUSHKA ответит» Александр Кухта. Наряду с активностью в интернет-среде, отец Александр также является зампредседателя Синодального миссионерского отдела Белорусской Православной Церкви и обучается в магистратуре Минской духовной академии.
В течение дня молодой священник из Беларуси встретился со студентами ВГИ, ВИЭПП, а также с прихожанами храма Иоанна Богослова. Выступления батюшки было посвящено теме: «Христианская миссия в интернете. Как быть православным в XXI веке?».
Сказать, что встреча прошла в неформальной обстановке, не сказать ничего: Александр Кухта прибыл в ВУЗ с рюкзаком на плече.
Примечательно, что статус поп-блогера для Александра Кухты означает не только его принадлежность к церкви, но и популярность в интернет-среде.
«Странный, смешной и непонятный» – именно так, по признанию гостя, его «окрестили» в массах:
– На меня часто «катят» бочку, что я – странный «поп». Но я опираюсь на теорию поколений и всего лишь хочу говорить с молодежью на одном языке.
По словам белорусского батюшки, нынешняя церковь совершает «большой прокол», когда говорит с молодежью на том же языке, что и с бабушками.
Сам поп-блогер легко оперировал молодежным слэнгом, популярно объясняя «на пальцах» азы отношения к религии. При этом гость старался «не скатываться в церковную пропаганду», которая, как прозвучало, не является целью его визита.
В своем выступлении батюшка затронул такие «нерелигиозные» темы, как пиар-технологии, деньги и материальные блага.
Также батюшка коснулся самой «хайповой», по его словам, темы – веры в Бога. Александр Кухта призвал молодежь чаще обращаться к Евангелию, но в новом прочтении – как к «революционной книге». Это полезное пособие для молодых людей, часто переживающих «революцию внутри себя».
Вместе с тем, долго рассуждать о вере и религии отец Александр не пожелал. На просьбы волжан подробнее поговорить о православии Александр Кухта заметил, что это «слишком интимные темы» для малознакомой аудитории.
– Задача священника – привести человека к Богу. А не освятить машину или квартиру, избавить от болезней или помочь с проблемами в личной жизни. Для всего этого есть психологи, врачи, страховые компании. Давайте каждый будет заниматься своим делом! – подытожил встречу с волжанами Александр Кухта.
Екатерина Герасимова
--------------------------------
Нажимая на Мне нравится и Рассказать друзьям - вы очень помогаете распространению Слова Божиего!
Братья и сестры! Просим Ваших святых молитв!
Да снизойдет на Вас Божия благодать!
Приход храма Святого праведного Иоанна Кронштадтского Чудотворца. Волгоград. Россия.
Братья и сестры! Просвещайтесь, распространяйте, подписывайтесь -
Господу нашему Слава!
Автор проекта «BATUSHKA ответит» Александр Кухта побывал в Калачёвской епархии РПЦ.
13 марта 2018 года в Волжском благочинии побывал популярный видео-блогер и автор проекта «BATUSHKA ответит» священник из республики Беларусь Александр Кухта. Встречи со студентами городских вузов (Волжского гуманитарного института и института экономики, педагогики и права), а также в ДПЦ «Покров» при Соборном храме были организованы отделом религиозного образования и катехизации Калачёвской епархии и Епархиальным отделом по делам молодежи. Визит священника-блогера вызвал интерес не только среди молодежи, но и у представителей местных СМИ. При этом разговор с заместителем председателя Синодального миссионерского отдела Белорусской Православной Церкви не ограничился заявленной темой о христианской миссии в сети Интернет. Каждый участник встреч мог задать любой вопрос и получить ответ от батюшки.
14 марта, священник Александр Кухта посетил Волгоград: он выступил в ГИИК (Институт Культуры), затем в ВГСПУ (Педагогический Университет) и в Центре социальной защиты населения Дзержинского района.
Кроме того, батюшка выступит с лекциями в г. Калач-на-Дону.
-------------------------
13 марта 2018г., в Волжский приехал долгожданный белорусский священник-блогер, автор популярного видеоблога «BATUSHKA ответит» Александр Кухта. Наряду с активностью в интернет-среде, отец Александр также является зампредседателя Синодального миссионерского отдела Белорусской Православной Церкви и обучается в магистратуре Минской духовной академии.
В течение дня молодой священник из Беларуси встретился со студентами ВГИ, ВИЭПП, а также с прихожанами храма Иоанна Богослова. Выступления батюшки было посвящено теме: «Христианская миссия в интернете. Как быть православным в XXI веке?».
Сказать, что встреча прошла в неформальной обстановке, не сказать ничего: Александр Кухта прибыл в ВУЗ с рюкзаком на плече.
Примечательно, что статус поп-блогера для Александра Кухты означает не только его принадлежность к церкви, но и популярность в интернет-среде.
«Странный, смешной и непонятный» – именно так, по признанию гостя, его «окрестили» в массах:
– На меня часто «катят» бочку, что я – странный «поп». Но я опираюсь на теорию поколений и всего лишь хочу говорить с молодежью на одном языке.
По словам белорусского батюшки, нынешняя церковь совершает «большой прокол», когда говорит с молодежью на том же языке, что и с бабушками.
Сам поп-блогер легко оперировал молодежным слэнгом, популярно объясняя «на пальцах» азы отношения к религии. При этом гость старался «не скатываться в церковную пропаганду», которая, как прозвучало, не является целью его визита.
В своем выступлении батюшка затронул такие «нерелигиозные» темы, как пиар-технологии, деньги и материальные блага.
Также батюшка коснулся самой «хайповой», по его словам, темы – веры в Бога. Александр Кухта призвал молодежь чаще обращаться к Евангелию, но в новом прочтении – как к «революционной книге». Это полезное пособие для молодых людей, часто переживающих «революцию внутри себя».
Вместе с тем, долго рассуждать о вере и религии отец Александр не пожелал. На просьбы волжан подробнее поговорить о православии Александр Кухта заметил, что это «слишком интимные темы» для малознакомой аудитории.
– Задача священника – привести человека к Богу. А не освятить машину или квартиру, избавить от болезней или помочь с проблемами в личной жизни. Для всего этого есть психологи, врачи, страховые компании. Давайте каждый будет заниматься своим делом! – подытожил встречу с волжанами Александр Кухта.
Екатерина Герасимова
--------------------------------
Нажимая на Мне нравится и Рассказать друзьям - вы очень помогаете распространению Слова Божиего!
Братья и сестры! Просим Ваших святых молитв!
Да снизойдет на Вас Божия благодать!
Приход храма Святого праведного Иоанна Кронштадтского Чудотворца. Волгоград. Россия.
Братья и сестры! Просвещайтесь, распространяйте, подписывайтесь -
Господу нашему Слава!
Awarding IUFS Grand PhD Diploma to Filaret, Metropolitan of Minsk and Slutsk
Filaret, Metropolitan of Minsk and Slutsk awarding IUFS Degree of Grand Doctor of Philosophy in Theology and Orthodox Philosophy
Blessing of the Russian Ballet Academy
Eastern Orthodox | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Eastern Orthodox
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 200–260 million members. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, the Orthodox Church has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern and Southeastern Europe, the Caucasus, and the Near East. It operates as a communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its bishops, called a Holy Synod. The church has no central doctrinal or governance authority analogous to the Catholic pope, but the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by all as primus inter pares (first among equals) of the bishops.
Eastern Orthodox theology is based on the Nicene Creed, and the church teaches that it is the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic church established by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, and that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles. It maintains that it practices the original Christian faith, passed down by sacred tradition. Its patriarchates, reminiscent of the pentarchy, and autocephalous and autonomous churches reflect a variety of hierarchical organisation. Of its innumerable Sacred Mysteries, it recognises seven major sacraments, of which the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in synaxis. The church teaches that through consecration invoked by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church as the Mother of God, honoured in devotions.
The Eastern Orthodox Church shared communion with the Roman Catholic Church until the East–West Schism in AD 1054, triggered by disputes over doctrine, especially the authority of the Pope. Before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451, Oriental Orthodox churches also shared in this communion, separating primarily over differences in Christology.
The majority of Eastern Orthodox Christians live in Eastern Europe, Greece, and the Caucasus, with smaller communities in the former Byzantine regions of the eastern Mediterranean, Africa, and to a decreasing degree also in the Middle East due to persecution. There are also many in other parts of the world, formed through diaspora, conversions, and missionary activity.
Becoming Soviet Jews
May 17, 2015
Minsk, the present capital of Belarus, was a heavily Jewish city in the decades between the world wars. Recasting our understanding of Soviet Jewish history, Becoming Soviet Jews demonstrates that the often violent social changes enforced by the communist project did not destroy continuities with pre-Revolutionary forms of Jewish life in Minsk. Using Minsk as a case study of the Sovietization of Jews in the former Pale of Settlement, Dr. Elissa Bemporad reveals the ways in which many Jews acculturated to Soviet society in the 1920s and 1930s while remaining committed to older patterns of Jewish identity, such as Yiddish culture and education, attachment to the traditions of the Jewish workers' Bund, circumcision, and kosher slaughter. This pioneering study also illuminates the reshaping of gender relations on the Jewish street and explores Jewish everyday life and identity during the years of the Great Terror.
Website:
Presenter: Dr. Elissa Bemporad
Eastern Orthodox | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Eastern Orthodox
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 200–260 million members. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, the Orthodox Church has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern and Southeastern Europe, the Caucasus, and the Near East. It operates as a communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its bishops, called a Holy Synod. The church has no central doctrinal or governance authority analogous to the Catholic pope, but the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by all as primus inter pares (first among equals) of the bishops.
Eastern Orthodox theology is based on the Nicene Creed, and the church teaches that it is the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic church established by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, and that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles. It maintains that it practices the original Christian faith, passed down by sacred tradition. Its patriarchates, reminiscent of the pentarchy, and autocephalous and autonomous churches reflect a variety of hierarchical organisation. Of its innumerable Sacred Mysteries, it recognises seven major sacraments, of which the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in synaxis. The church teaches that through consecration invoked by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church as the Mother of God, honoured in devotions.
The Eastern Orthodox Church shared communion with the Roman Catholic Church until the East–West Schism in AD 1054, triggered by disputes over doctrine, especially the authority of the Pope. Before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451, Oriental Orthodox churches also shared in this communion, separating primarily over differences in Christology.
The majority of Eastern Orthodox Christians live in Eastern Europe, Greece, and the Caucasus, with smaller communities in the former Byzantine regions of the eastern Mediterranean, Africa, and to a decreasing degree also in the Middle East due to persecution. There are also many in other parts of the world, formed through diaspora, conversions, and missionary activity.
THE HOLOCAUST - WikiVidi Documentary
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish community in Europe. From 1941 to 1945, Germany targeted European Jewry for extermination as part of a larger event that included the persecution and murder of other groups. A broader definition of the Holocaust includes the murder of the Roma and the incurably sick. A broader definition still includes ethnic Poles, other Slavic groups, Soviet citizens and prisoners of war, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, black people, and political opponents. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions from the highest leadership of the Nazi Party, killings were committed throughout German-occupied Europe, as well as within Germany itself, and across all territories controlled by the Axis powers. Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Hitler...
____________________________________
Shortcuts to chapters:
00:02:47: Terminology
00:05:24: Genocidal state
00:07:40: Ideology and scale
00:10:10: Medical experiments
00:12:17: Antisemitism and racism
00:13:40: Germany after World War I
00:15:39: Hitler's world view
00:16:22: Dictatorship and repression (1933–1939)
00:19:53: Sterlization Law, Aktion T4
00:23:22: Nuremberg Laws, Jewish emigration
00:25:49: Kristallnacht
00:28:18: Territorial solution and resettlement
00:29:49: German-occupied Poland
00:31:34: Lublin Reservation
00:32:53: Other occupied countries
00:36:23: Germany's allies
00:40:47: Concentration and labor camps
00:43:50: Ghettos
00:48:53: Pogroms
00:49:45: Death squads
00:53:01: Gas vans
00:54:12: Wannsee Conference
00:58:03: Extermination camps, gas chambers
01:02:55: Jewish resistance
01:06:07: Flow of information about the mass murder
01:10:42: Climax, holocaust in Hungary
01:13:12: Death marches
01:14:51: Liberation
01:16:27: Victims and death toll
01:17:07: Jews
01:20:15: Roma
01:23:37: Slavs
01:24:36: Ethnic Poles
01:26:40: Soviet citizens and POWs
01:28:25: Political opponents
01:29:06: Gay men
01:30:43: Persons of color
01:31:13: Jehovah's Witnesses
01:32:10: Motivation of perpetrators
01:34:26: German public
01:36:10: Trials
01:37:47: Reparations
____________________________________
Copyright WikiVidi.
Licensed under Creative Commons.
Wikipedia link:
Eastern Orthodoxy | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Eastern Orthodoxy
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 200–260 million members. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, the Orthodox Church has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern and Southeastern Europe, the Caucasus, and the Near East. It operates as a communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its bishops, called a Holy Synod. The church has no central doctrinal or governance authority analogous to the Catholic pope, but the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by all as primus inter pares (first among equals) of the bishops.
Eastern Orthodox theology is based on the Nicene Creed, and the church teaches that it is the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic church established by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, and that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles. It maintains that it practices the original Christian faith, passed down by sacred tradition. Its patriarchates, reminiscent of the pentarchy, and autocephalous and autonomous churches reflect a variety of hierarchical organisation. Of its innumerable Sacred Mysteries, it recognises seven major sacraments, of which the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in synaxis. The church teaches that through consecration invoked by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church as the Mother of God, honoured in devotions.
The Eastern Orthodox Church shared communion with the Roman Catholic Church until the East–West Schism in AD 1054, triggered by disputes over doctrine, especially the authority of the Pope. Before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451, Oriental Orthodox churches also shared in this communion, separating primarily over differences in Christology.
The majority of Eastern Orthodox Christians live in Eastern Europe, Greece, and the Caucasus, with smaller communities in the former Byzantine regions of the eastern Mediterranean, Africa, and to a decreasing degree also in the Middle East due to persecution. There are also many in other parts of the world, formed through diaspora, conversions, and missionary activity.
History of the Jews in Russia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of the Jews in Russia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Jews in Russia have historically constituted a large religious diaspora; the vast territories of the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest population of Jews in the world. Within these territories the primarily Ashkenazi Jewish communities of many different areas flourished and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions, while also facing periods of anti-Semitic discriminatory policies and persecutions. The largest group among Russian Jews are Ashkenazi Jews, but the community also includes a significant number of other Diasporan Jewish groups, such as Mountain Jews, Sephardic Jews, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Bukharan Jews, and Georgian Jews.
The presence of Jewish people in the European part of Russia can be traced to the 7th–14th centuries CE. In the 11th and 12th centuries, the Jewish population in Kiev, in present-day Ukraine, was restricted to a separate quarter. Evidence of the presence of Jewish people in Muscovite Russia is first documented in the chronicles of 1471. During the reign of Catherine II in the 18th century, Jewish people were restricted to the Pale of Settlement within Russia, the territory where they could live or immigrate to. Alexander III escalated anti-Jewish policies. Beginning in the 1880s, waves of anti-Jewish pogroms swept across different regions of the empire for several decades. More than two million Jews fled Russia between 1880 and 1920, mostly to the United States and what is today the State of Israel.The Pale of Settlement took away many of the rights that the Jewish people of the late 17th century Russia were experiencing. At this time, the Jewish people were restricted to an area of what is current day Belarus, Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine. Where Western Europe was experiencing emancipation at this time, the laws for the Jewish people were getting more strict. The general attitude towards Jewish people was to look down on the religion and the people. It was as both a religion and a race, something that one could not escape if they tried. Slowly, the Jewish people were allowed to move further east towards a less crowded population. This was a small change, and did not come to all Jewish people, and not even a small minority of them. In this more spread out area, the Jewish people lived in communities, known as Schtetls. These communities were very similar to what would be known as ghettos in World War II, with the cramped and subpar living conditions.Before 1917 there were 300,000 Zionists in Russia, while the main Jewish socialist organization, the Bund, had 33,000 members. Only 958 Jews had joined the Bolshevik Party before 1917; thousands joined after the Revolution. The chaotic years of World War I, the February and October Revolutions, and the Russian Civil War had created social disruption that led to anti-Semitism. Some 150,000 Jews were killed in the pogroms of 1918–1922, 125,000 of them in Ukraine, 25,000 in Belarus. The pogroms were mostly perpetrated by anti-communist forces; sometimes, Red Army units engaged in pogroms as well. After a short period of confusion, the Soviets started executing guilty individuals and even disbanding the army units whose men had attacked Jews. Although pogroms were still perpetrated after this, mainly by Ukrainian units of the Red Army during its retreat from Poland (1920), in general, the Jews regarded the Red Army as the only force which was able and willing to defend them. The Russian Civil War pogroms shocked world Jewry and rallied many Jews to the Red Army and the Soviet regime, and also strengthened the desire for the creation of a homeland for the Jewish people.In August 1919 the Soviet government arrested many rabbis, seized Jewish properties, including synagogues, and dissolved many Jewish communities. The Jewish section of the Communist Party labeled the use of the Hebrew language reactionary and elitist and the teaching of Hebrew was banned ...
2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism
00:03:13 1 Background
00:08:39 1.1 Russkiy Mir vs Romiosyne
00:09:10 1.1.1 Russkiy Mir
00:09:58 1.1.2 Romiosyne
00:10:32 1.2 1996 schism over Estonia
00:11:51 2 Deterioration of Moscow–Constantinople relations
00:12:31 2.1 Three Orthodox churches in Ukraine
00:15:28 2.2 Ecumenical Patriarchate and the ecclesiastical situation in Ukraine
00:19:31 3 Autocephaly of the Orthodox Church in Ukraine
00:19:42 3.1 June 2016 request of autocephaly
00:21:01 3.2 April 2018 request of autocephaly
00:26:39 3.3 Ecumenical Patriarch's legates in Ukraine and reactions of the Russian Orthodox Church
00:29:30 3.4 September 2018: Russian Orthodox synod's retaliatory measures and the aftermath
00:32:39 3.5 11 October 2018 communiqué of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate
00:37:13 3.6 29 November 2018 communiqué of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate
00:39:36 4 Break of communion with the Ecumenical Patriarchate by the Russian Orthodox Church
00:40:36 4.1 Declarations by the Russian Orthodox Church
00:50:35 4.2 Declarations by the Ecumenical Patriarchate
00:51:00 5 Events in Ukraine
00:51:09 5.1 Transfer of St Andrew's church
00:53:27 5.2 Cancellation of the transfer of the Pochayiv Lavra
00:55:10 5.3 Planned unification council
01:05:19 5.3.1 Convocation of the council
01:08:03 5.3.2 Disagreement with the UOC-KP
01:12:53 5.3.3 Unification council
01:14:47 5.3.4 Election of Metropolitan Epiphany
01:15:12 5.4 Ukrainian Supreme Court
01:15:59 5.5 Kerch Strait incident
01:16:40 6 Reactions
01:16:49 6.1 International community
01:18:50 6.2 Responses from other autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches
01:19:02 6.2.1 Church of Cyprus
01:19:57 6.2.2 Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria and the Polish Orthodox Church
01:21:47 6.2.3 Serbian Orthodox Church and the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch
01:24:13 6.2.4 Georgian Orthodox Church
01:25:32 6.2.5 Romanian Orthodox Church
01:26:58 6.2.6 Albanian Orthodox Church
01:28:59 6.2.7 Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia
01:29:59 6.2.8 Other Orthodox churches
01:30:43 6.3 Responses from churches under the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church
01:30:56 6.3.1 Belarusian Orthodox Church
01:32:05 6.3.2 Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia
01:33:58 6.3.3 Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)
01:37:34 6.3.4 Archdiocese of Chersonesus
01:38:25 6.4 Responses from churches under the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate
01:38:37 6.4.1 Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox Churches in Western Europe
01:40:21 6.4.1.1 Defection of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Nativity of Christ
01:42:55 6.4.1.2 Dissolution of the archdiocese
01:46:16 6.4.2 American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese
01:46:40 6.4.3 Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Germany
01:47:51 7 Canonical issues
01:50:21 7.1 Ecumenical Patriarchate's claims
01:54:39 7.2 Arguments against the Ecumenical Patriarchate's claims
01:57:07 7.3 Possibility of a pan-Orthodox synaxis on the question of Ukraine
02:01:07 8 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Moscow–Constantinople schism, also known as the Orthodox Church schism of 2018, is a schism which began on 15 October 2018 when the Russian Orthodox Church unilaterally severed full communion with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. This was done in response to a decision of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate on 11 October 2018 to move towards granting independence (autocephaly) to the orthodox Church of Ukraine, to reestablish the stauropegion of the Ecumenical Patriarch in Kiev, to revoke the legal binding of the letter of 1686 which led to the Russian Orthodox Church establishing jurisdiction over the Ukrainian Church, and to lift the excommunications which affected clergy and faithful of two unrecognized Orthodox churches in Ukraine.Those two churches (the UAOC and the UOC-KP) were competing with the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) and were, and still are, considered schismatics b ...
The Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:07 1 Terminology and scope
00:03:18 1.1 Terminology
00:05:30 1.2 Definition
00:07:30 2 Distinctive features
00:07:40 2.1 Genocidal state
00:11:46 2.2 Medical experiments
00:14:20 3 Origins
00:14:30 3.1 Antisemitism and the völkisch movement
00:16:08 3.2 Germany after World War I, Hitler's world view
00:19:21 4 Rise of Nazi Germany
00:19:32 4.1 Dictatorship and repression (1933–1939)
00:23:47 4.2 Sterilization Law, iAktion T4/i
00:27:55 4.3 Nuremberg Laws, Jewish emigration
00:31:12 4.4 iKristallnacht/i
00:34:09 4.5 Territorial solution and resettlement
00:35:57 5 World War II
00:36:07 5.1 German-occupied Poland
00:38:14 5.2 Other occupied countries
00:42:16 5.3 Germany's allies
00:47:22 5.4 Concentration and labor camps
00:51:03 5.5 Ghettos
00:56:53 5.6 Pogroms
00:57:50 5.7 Death squads
01:01:40 5.8 Gas vans
01:03:02 6 Final Solution
01:03:12 6.1 Wannsee Conference
01:08:43 6.2 Extermination camps, gas chambers
01:14:07 6.3 Jewish resistance
01:17:46 6.4 Flow of information about the mass murder
01:23:34 6.5 Climax, Holocaust in Hungary
01:26:28 6.6 Death marches
01:28:14 6.7 Liberation
01:31:02 7 Victims and death toll
01:31:12 7.1 Overview
01:32:31 7.2 Jews
01:36:03 7.3 Roma
01:39:58 7.4 Slavs
01:41:13 7.4.1 Ethnic Poles
01:43:56 7.4.2 Soviet citizens and POWs
01:46:00 7.5 Political opponents
01:46:54 7.6 Gay men
01:48:58 7.7 Jehovah's Witnesses
01:50:05 7.8 Persons of color
01:50:48 8 Motivation
01:50:57 8.1 Motivation of perpetrators
01:53:35 8.2 German public
01:55:44 9 Aftermath
01:55:54 9.1 Trials
01:59:05 9.2 Reparations
02:01:21 9.3 Uniqueness question
02:03:57 10 See also
02:04:07 11 Sources
02:04:16 11.1 Notes
02:04:25 11.2 Citations
02:04:34 11.3 Works cited
02:04:43 12 Further reading
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Speaking Rate: 0.7165362998594326
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and incurably sick, as well as ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet citizens, Soviet prisoners of war, political opponents, gay men and Jehovah's Witnesses, resulting in up to 17 million deaths overall.Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, the government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the Nuremberg Laws in 1935. Starting in 1933, the Nazis built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and people deemed undesirable. After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Over 42,000 camps, ghettos, and other detention sites were established.The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions from the highest leadership of the Nazi Party, killings were committed within Germany itself, throughout German-occupied Europe, and across all territories controlled by the Axis powers. Paramilitary death squads called Einsatzgruppen in cooperation with Wehrmacht police battalions and local collaborators murdered around 1.3 million Jews in mass shootings between 1941 and 1945. By mid-1942, victims were being deported from the ghettos in sealed freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journ ...
The Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
The Holocaust
00:02:16 1 Terminology and scope
00:02:25 1.1 Terminology
00:04:04 1.2 Definition
00:05:33 2 Distinctive features
00:05:43 2.1 Genocidal state
00:08:42 2.2 Medical experiments
00:10:36 3 Origins
00:10:45 3.1 Antisemitism and the völkisch movement
00:11:58 3.2 Germany after World War I, Hitler's world view
00:14:20 4 Rise of Nazi Germany
00:14:30 4.1 Dictatorship and repression (1933–1939)
00:17:37 4.2 Sterilization Law, iAktion T4/i
00:20:38 4.3 Nuremberg Laws, Jewish emigration
00:23:02 4.4 iKristallnacht/i
00:25:12 4.5 Territorial solution and resettlement
00:26:32 5 World War II
00:26:41 5.1 German-occupied Poland
00:28:15 5.2 Other occupied countries
00:31:10 5.3 Germany's allies
00:34:51 5.4 Concentration and labor camps
00:37:33 5.5 Ghettos
00:41:48 5.6 Pogroms
00:42:31 5.7 Death squads
00:45:19 5.8 Gas vans
00:46:20 6 Final Solution
00:46:29 6.1 Wannsee Conference
00:50:33 6.2 Extermination camps, gas chambers
00:54:28 6.3 Jewish resistance
00:57:08 6.4 Flow of information about the mass murder
01:01:21 6.5 Climax, Holocaust in Hungary
01:03:29 6.6 Death marches
01:04:47 6.7 Liberation
01:06:50 7 Victims and death toll
01:07:00 7.1 Overview
01:07:59 7.2 Jews
01:10:34 7.3 Roma
01:13:26 7.4 Slavs
01:14:21 7.4.1 Ethnic Poles
01:16:21 7.4.2 Soviet citizens and POWs
01:17:53 7.5 Political opponents
01:18:34 7.6 Gay men
01:20:05 7.7 Jehovah's Witnesses
01:20:56 7.8 Persons of color
01:21:29 8 Motivation
01:21:38 8.1 Motivation of perpetrators
01:23:34 8.2 German public
01:25:10 9 Aftermath
01:25:19 9.1 Trials
01:27:39 9.2 Reparations
01:29:20 9.3 Uniqueness question
01:31:15 10 See also
01:31:24 11 Sources
01:31:33 11.1 Notes
01:31:41 11.2 Citations
01:31:50 11.3 Works cited
01:31:58 12 Further reading
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and incurably sick, as well as ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet citizens, Soviet prisoners of war, political opponents, gay men and Jehovah's Witnesses, resulting in up to 17 million deaths overall.Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, the government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the Nuremberg Laws in 1935. Starting in 1933, the Nazis built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and people deemed undesirable. After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Over 42,000 camps, ghettos, and other detention sites were established.The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions from the highest leadership of the Nazi Party, killings were committed within Germany itself, throughout German-occupied Europe, and across all territories controlled by the Axis powers. Paramilitary death squads called Einsatzgruppen in cooperation with Wehrmacht police battalions and local collaborators murdered around 1.3 million Jews in mass shootings between 1941 and 1945. By mid-1942, victims were being deported from the ghettos in sealed freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, they were killed in gas chambers. The killing continued until the end of World War II in Europe in May 1945.
Kiev | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kiev
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kiev ( KEE-ef, -ev) or Kyiv (Ukrainian: Київ, translit. Kyiv [ˈkɪjiu̯] (listen); Russian: Киев, translit. Kiyev [ˈkʲi(j)ɪf]; Old East Slavic: Кыѥвъ, translit. Kyjev) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper. The population in July 2015 was 2,887,974 (though higher estimated numbers have been cited in the press), making Kiev the 7th most populous city in Europe.Kiev is an important industrial, scientific, educational, and cultural centre of Eastern Europe. It is home to many high-tech industries, higher education institutions, and world-famous historical landmarks. The city has an extensive infrastructure and highly developed system of public transport, including the Kiev Metro.
The city's name is said to derive from the name of Kyi, one of its four legendary founders (see Name, below). During its history, Kiev, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, passed through several stages of great prominence and relative obscurity. The city probably existed as a commercial centre as early as the 5th century. A Slavic settlement on the great trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople, Kiev was a tributary of the Khazars, until seized by the Varangians (Vikings) in the mid-9th century. Under Varangian rule, the city became a capital of the Kievan Rus', the first East Slavic state. Completely destroyed during the Mongol invasion in 1240, the city lost most of its influence for the centuries to come. It was a provincial capital of marginal importance in the outskirts of the territories controlled by its powerful neighbours; first the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, followed by Poland and Russia.The city prospered again during the Russian Empire's Industrial Revolution in the late 19th century. In 1917, after the Ukrainian National Republic declared independence from the Russian Empire, Kiev became its capital. From 1921 onwards Kiev was a city of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which was proclaimed by the Red Army, and, from 1934, Kiev was its capital. During World War II, the city again suffered significant damage, but quickly recovered in the post-war years, remaining the third largest city of the Soviet Union.
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and Ukrainian independence in 1991, Kiev remained the capital of Ukraine and experienced a steady migration influx of ethnic Ukrainians from other regions of the country. During the country's transformation to a market economy and electoral democracy, Kiev has continued to be Ukraine's largest and richest city. Kiev's armament-dependent industrial output fell after the Soviet collapse, adversely affecting science and technology. But new sectors of the economy such as services and finance facilitated Kiev's growth in salaries and investment, as well as providing continuous funding for the development of housing and urban infrastructure. Kiev emerged as the most pro-Western region of Ukraine where parties advocating tighter integration with the European Union dominate during elections.
Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Holocaust
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and incurably sick, as well as ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet citizens, Soviet prisoners of war, political opponents, gay men and Jehovah's Witnesses, resulting in up to 17 million deaths overall.Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, the government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the Nuremberg Laws in 1935. Starting in 1933, the Nazis built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and people deemed undesirable. After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Over 42,000 camps, ghettos, and other detention sites were established.The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions from the highest leadership of the Nazi Party, killings were committed within Germany itself, throughout German-occupied Europe, and across all territories controlled by the Axis powers. Paramilitary death squads called Einsatzgruppen in cooperation with Wehrmacht police battalions and local collaborators murdered around 1.3 million Jews in mass shootings between 1941 and 1945. By mid-1942, victims were being deported from the ghettos in sealed freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, they were killed in gas chambers. The killing continued until the end of World War II in Europe in May 1945.
Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Holocaust
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and incurably sick, as well as ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet citizens, Soviet prisoners of war, political opponents, gay men and Jehovah's Witnesses, resulting in up to 17 million deaths overall.Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, the government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the Nuremberg Laws in 1935. Starting in 1933, the Nazis built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and people deemed undesirable. After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Over 42,000 camps, ghettos, and other detention sites were established.The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions from the highest leadership of the Nazi Party, killings were committed within Germany itself, throughout German-occupied Europe, and across all territories controlled by the Axis powers. Paramilitary death squads called Einsatzgruppen in cooperation with Wehrmacht police battalions and local collaborators murdered around 1.3 million Jews in mass shootings between 1941 and 1945. By mid-1942, victims were being deported from the ghettos in sealed freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, they were killed in gas chambers. The killing continued until the end of World War II in Europe in May 1945.
Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:13 1 Terminology and scope
00:04:24 1.1 Terminology
00:07:02 1.2 Definition
00:12:32 2 Distinctive features
00:12:43 2.1 Genocidal state
00:17:26 2.2 Medical experiments
00:20:11 3 Origins
00:20:21 3.1 Antisemitism and the völkisch movement
00:22:04 3.2 Germany after World War I, Hitler's world view
00:25:28 4 Rise of Nazi Germany
00:25:39 4.1 Dictatorship and repression (1933–1939)
00:30:13 4.2 Sterilization Law, iAktion T4/i
00:34:33 4.3 Nuremberg Laws, Jewish emigration
00:38:06 4.4 iKristallnacht/i
00:41:16 4.5 Territorial solution and resettlement
00:43:07 5 World War II
00:43:18 5.1 Occupied countries
00:43:28 5.1.1 Poland
00:45:23 5.1.2 Other occupied countries
00:50:26 5.2 Germany's allies
00:55:12 5.3 Concentration and labor camps
00:58:44 5.4 Ghettos
01:04:46 5.5 Pogroms
01:07:39 5.6 Death squads
01:11:29 5.7 Gas vans
01:12:54 6 Final Solution
01:13:04 6.1 Wannsee Conference
01:19:23 6.2 Extermination camps, gas chambers
01:25:03 6.3 Jewish resistance
01:29:43 6.4 Flow of information about the mass murder
01:36:26 6.5 Climax, Holocaust in Hungary
01:39:27 6.6 Death marches
01:41:17 6.7 Liberation
01:44:14 6.8 Death toll
01:47:53 7 Other victims of Nazi persecution
01:48:05 7.1 Roma
01:51:48 7.2 Ethnic Poles
01:54:38 7.3 Soviet citizens and POWs
01:56:39 7.4 Political and religious opponents
01:58:33 7.5 Gay men
02:00:44 7.6 Black people
02:01:28 8 Aftermath
02:01:38 8.1 Trials
02:05:01 8.2 Reparations
02:07:23 8.3 Motivation
02:12:14 8.4 Uniqueness question
02:17:03 9 See also
02:17:13 10 Sources
02:17:23 10.1 Notes
02:17:32 10.2 Citations
02:17:41 10.3 Works cited
02:17:51 11 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.7129058729237174
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by local collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews—around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe—between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event during the Holocaust era, in which Germany and its collaborators persecuted and murdered other groups, including Slavs (chiefly ethnic Poles, Soviet prisoners of war, and Soviet citizens), the Roma, the incurably sick, political and religious dissenters such as communists and Jehovah's Witnesses, and gay men. Taking into account all the victims of Nazi persecution, the death toll rises to 17 million.Germany implemented the persecution of the Jews in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's appointment as German Chancellor in January 1933, the regime built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and those deemed undesirable, starting with Dachau on 22 March 1933. After the passing of the Enabling Act on 24 March, which gave Hitler plenary powers, the government began isolating Jews from civil society, which included a boycott of Jewish businesses in April 1933 and enacting the Nuremberg Laws in September 1935. On 9–10 November 1938, during Kristallnacht (the Night of Broken Glass), Jewish businesses and other buildings were ransacked, smashed or set on fire throughout Germany and Austria, which Germany had annexed in March that year. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, triggering World War II, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Eventually thousands of camps and other detention sites were established across German-occupied Europe.
The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions fr ...
Poland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Poland
00:03:02 1 Etymology
00:03:42 2 History
00:03:51 2.1 Prehistory and protohistory
00:05:43 2.2 Piast dynasty
00:09:26 2.3 Jagiellon dynasty
00:12:27 2.4 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
00:16:27 2.5 Partitions
00:19:09 2.6 Era of insurrections
00:23:38 2.7 Reconstruction
00:26:43 2.8 World War II
00:32:40 2.9 Post-war communism
00:35:24 2.10 1990s to present
00:38:32 3 Geography
00:40:09 3.1 Geology
00:43:46 3.2 Waters
00:48:15 3.3 Land use
00:50:07 3.4 Biodiversity
00:52:05 3.5 Climate
00:54:08 4 Politics
00:56:32 4.1 Law
01:00:23 4.2 Foreign relations
01:02:55 4.3 Administrative divisions
01:04:06 4.4 Military
01:08:03 4.5 Law enforcement and emergency services
01:09:29 5 Economy
01:13:56 5.1 Corporations
01:15:28 5.2 Tourism
01:17:21 5.3 Energy
01:19:18 5.4 Transport
01:23:19 5.5 Science and technology
01:26:00 5.6 Communications
01:27:42 6 Demographics
01:29:17 6.1 Urbanization
01:29:25 6.2 Languages
01:31:58 6.3 Ethnicity
01:35:04 6.4 Religion
01:38:58 6.5 Health
01:40:59 6.6 Education
01:43:51 7 Culture
01:44:50 7.1 Music
01:49:13 7.2 Art
01:51:49 7.3 Architecture
01:55:15 7.4 Literature
01:59:51 7.5 Cinema
02:02:15 7.6 Media
02:04:41 7.7 Cuisine
02:07:29 7.8 Sports
02:10:37 7.9 Fashion and design
02:14:16 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska] (listen)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska [ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska] (listen)), is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With a population of approximately 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin.
The establishment of the Polish state can be traced back to A.D. 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest (about 1 million km2) and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe's first written national constitution, the Constitution of 3 May 1791.
More than a century after the Partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Germany, followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. More than six million Polish citizens perished in the war. In 1947, the Polish People's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence. In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement, the sovereign state of Poland reestablished itself as a presidential democratic republic.
Poland is a developed market and regional power. It has the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union, simultaneously achieving a very high rank on the Human Development Index. Additionally, the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central Europe. Poland is a developed country, which maintains a high-income economy along with very high standards of living, life quality, safety, education and economic freedom. Poland has a developed school educational system. The country provides free university education, state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens. Poland has 15 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 14 of which are cultural. Poland is a m ...
The Holocaust | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:26 1 Terminology and scope
00:03:36 1.1 Terminology
00:05:46 1.2 Definition
00:10:18 2 Distinctive features
00:10:28 2.1 Genocidal state
00:14:18 2.2 Medical experiments
00:16:31 3 Origins
00:16:40 3.1 Antisemitism and the völkisch movement
00:18:06 3.2 Germany after World War I, Hitler's world view
00:20:53 4 Rise of Nazi Germany
00:21:03 4.1 Dictatorship and repression (1933–1939)
00:24:46 4.2 Sterilization Law, iAktion T4/i
00:28:20 4.3 Nuremberg Laws, Jewish emigration
00:31:16 4.4 iKristallnacht/i
00:33:50 4.5 Territorial solution and resettlement
00:35:22 5 World War II
00:35:32 5.1 Occupied countries
00:35:41 5.1.1 Poland
00:37:15 5.1.2 Other occupied countries
00:41:24 5.2 Germany's allies
00:45:18 5.3 Concentration and labor camps
00:48:13 5.4 Ghettos
00:53:13 5.5 Pogroms
00:55:34 5.6 Death squads
00:58:42 5.7 Gas vans
00:59:54 6 Final Solution
01:00:03 6.1 Wannsee Conference
01:05:13 6.2 Extermination camps, gas chambers
01:09:50 6.3 Jewish resistance
01:13:41 6.4 Flow of information about the mass murder
01:19:11 6.5 Climax, Holocaust in Hungary
01:21:40 6.6 Death marches
01:23:12 6.7 Liberation
01:25:39 6.8 Death toll
01:28:39 7 Other victims of Nazi persecution
01:28:50 7.1 Roma
01:31:52 7.2 Ethnic Poles
01:34:08 7.3 Soviet citizens and POWs
01:35:49 7.4 Political and religious opponents
01:37:24 7.5 Gay men
01:39:13 7.6 Black people
01:39:51 8 Aftermath
01:40:00 8.1 Trials
01:42:43 8.2 Reparations
01:44:39 8.3 Motivation
01:48:39 8.4 Uniqueness question
01:52:35 9 See also
01:52:44 10 Sources
01:52:54 10.1 Notes
01:53:02 10.2 Citations
01:53:11 10.3 Works cited
01:53:20 11 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8937718141407235
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by local collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews—around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe—between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event during the Holocaust era, in which Germany and its collaborators persecuted and murdered other groups, including Slavs (chiefly ethnic Poles and Ukrainians, Soviet prisoners of war, and Soviet citizens), the Roma, the incurably sick, political and religious dissenters such as communists and Jehovah's Witnesses, and gay men. Taking into account all the victims of Nazi persecution, the death toll rises to over 17 million.Germany implemented the persecution of the Jews in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's appointment as German Chancellor in January 1933, the regime built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and those deemed undesirable, starting with Dachau on 22 March 1933. After the passing of the Enabling Act on 24 March, which gave Hitler plenary powers, the government began isolating Jews from civil society, which included a boycott of Jewish businesses in April 1933 and enacting the Nuremberg Laws in September 1935. On 9–10 November 1938, during Kristallnacht (the Night of Broken Glass), Jewish businesses and other buildings were ransacked, smashed or set on fire throughout Germany and Austria, which Germany had annexed in March that year. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, triggering World War II, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Eventually thousands of camps and other detention sites were established across German-occupied Europe.
The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS ...