Y-Link @kamogawa beach party
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千葉県鴨川・東条海岸 サーフィン 渡辺壱孔くん 2018/4/22
２０１８年４月２２日、鴨川東条海岸まるきポイントで開催された「サーフ・ミート鴨川」の壱孔くんのサーフィン。動画掲載は保護者の了承を得ています。
5 Tempat Terbaik untuk Berselancar di Dekat Tokyo, Mampir ke Kamakura
TRIBUNTRAVEL.COM - Apakah kau suka berselancar?
Ingin berselancar saat bepergian di Jepang?
Sebenarnya, selancar adalah olahraga laut yang sangat populer di Jepang, dan ada sejumlah tempat bagus untuk berselancar di pantai termasuk Tokyo dan kota-kota tetangga.
Juga banyak toko selancar menawarkan peralatan sewa termasuk papan selancar, pakaian, dan peralatan lainnya, sehingga kamu bisa mampir tanpa membawa apa pun.
Jika kamu seorang peselancar pemula, ada juga sekolah selancar dan pelajaran yang tersedia bahkan dalam bahasa Inggris.
Berikut 5 tempat selancar terbaik di Jepang di mana kamu dapat mengaksesnya dari Tokyo dengan mudah.
1. Kamakura, Kanagawa
Pantai-pantai di daerah Kamakura (Pantai Yuigahama, Pantai Enoshima, dll.) adalah satu pantai yang paling mudah diakses dari Tokyo.
Kamakura berada di daerah Shonan (pantai barat daya Prefektur Kanagawa) yang merupakan area paling populer untuk olahraga laut di sekitar Tokyo, dan ada banyak toko kelautan yang menawarkan persewaan dan pelajaran sewa dengan instruktur.
Saat ini, beberapa toko juga menawarkan pelajaran dalam bahasa Inggris.
Pantai di daerah Shonan menawarkan pemandangan Gunung Fuji yang menakjubkan yang merupakan hak istimewa bagi peselancar.
Daerah ini memiliki suasana kota tepi laut yang menarik dengan banyak toko, kafe, dan restoran yang bertema unik.
2. Chigasaki, Kanagawa
Kota Chigasaki terletak di daerah Shonan barat, dan Pantai Selatan Chigasaki berjarak sekitar 2 km dari Stasiun JR Chigasaki, yang dapat kamu akses dari Stasiun Tokyo dalam waktu satu jam (dengan JR Tokaido Line).
Kota ini memiliki budaya selancar yang dalam dan ada sejumlah toko selancar tempat kamu dapat menyewa peralatan.
Pantai Selatan Chigasaki saat ini populer di kalangan pengunjung asing.
Ombaknya tidak terlalu besar, jadi cukup aman bagi pemula.
Jika ingin menghindari keramaian dan menyaksikan ombak yang bagus, kunjungi Chigasaki di pagi hari.
3. Kamogawa, Chiba
Pantai timur Semenanjung Boso, Prefektur Chiba memiliki beberapa tempat selancar besar seperti Ichinomiya, Onjuku dan Kujukuri.
Pantai-pantai di Kota Kamogawa (Pantai Tojo, Pantai Maehara, dll) secara khusus direkomendasikan untuk peselancar yang berada di tingkat menengah hingga lanjutan.
Ombaknya cukup besar dan bisa dinikmati untuk jangka panjang.
Banyak peselancar profesional datang ke sini untuk berlatih.
4. Pantai Shirahama, Shizuoka
Pantai Shirahama terletak di selatan Semenanjung Izu di sekitar area Shimoda.
Daerah ini merupakan tujuan pantai yang populer selama musim panas, dan dikenal karena pantai dan lautnya yang indah dengan air yang jernih.
Pantai ini cocok untuk peselancar pemula dan menengah.
Pantai Shirahama adalah pantai luas yang dipenuhi dengan sejumlah restoran dan hotel serta toko selancar yang menawarkan peralatan dan pelajaran sewa.
5. Sporu Shinagawa Oimachi, Tokyo
Ya, kita sekarang bisa berselancar di kota.
Sporu Shinagawa Oimachi (ス ポ ル 品 川 大 井 町) adalah fasilitas rekreasi olahraga yang baru dibuka di Tokyo, menawarkan berbagai jenis olahraga dan kegiatan untuk dicoba.
Terletak di dekat stasiun Shinagawa dan Oimachi. CITYWAVE TOKYO adalah kolam yang dapat menciptakan gelombang buatan untuk berselancar.
Sporu Shinagawa Oimachi adalah tempat yang bagus untuk berlatih bagi peselancar di semua tingkatan pada usia berapa pun, dan juga tersedia les privat oleh pelatih profesional.
Penyewaan penuh dapat disewa sehingga bisa membawa sendiri.
Selain berselancar, ada berbagai jenis olahraga dan kegiatan yang tersedia di fasilitas olahraga multi guna ini termasuk tenis, bola basket, sepak bola, dan lainnya.
TribunTravel/Ambar Purwaningrum
Penulis: Ambar Purwaningrum
Editor: Ambar Purwaningrum
Sumber: Tribun Travel
Artikel ini telah tayang di Tribuntravel.com dengan judul 5 Tempat Terbaik untuk Berselancar di Dekat Tokyo, Mampir ke Kamakura,
Penulis: Ambar Purwaningrum
Editor: Ambar Purwaningrum
Nichiren | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nichiren
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Nichiren (日蓮; born as Zennichimaro (善日麿), Dharma name: Rencho - 16 February 1222 – 13 October 1282) was a Japanese Buddhist priest who lived during the Kamakura period (1185–1333) and developed the teachings that are now considered Nichiren Buddhism, a branch school of Mahayana Buddhism.Nichiren was highly controversial in his day and was known for preaching that the Lotus Sutra alone contains the highest truth of Buddhist teachings and represents the effective teaching for the Third Age of Buddhism. He declared that social and political peace are dependent on the quality of the belief system that is upheld in a nation. He advocated the repeated recitation of the Sutra's title, Nam(u)-myoho-renge-kyo. In addition, he held that the historical Shakyamuni Buddha was the manifestation of a Buddha-nature that is equally accessible to all. He insisted that those who claim to be believers of the Sutra must propagate it even in the face of persecution.Nichiren was a prolific writer and his biography, temperament, and the evolution of his thinking has been primarily gleaned from his own writings. He launched his teachings in 1253, advocating an exclusive return to the Lotus Sutra as based on its original Tendai interpretations. His 1260 treatise Risshō Ankoku Ron (立正安国論) (On Establishing the Correct Teaching for the Peace of the Land) argued that a nation that embraces the Lotus Sutra will experience peace and prosperity whereas rulers who support inferior religious teachings invite disorder and disaster into their realms. In a 1264 essay he stated that the title of the Lotus Sutra, Nam(u)-myoho-renge-kyo, encompasses all Buddhist teachings and its recitation leads to enlightenment. As a result of his adamant stance he experienced severe persecution imposed by the Kamakura Shogunate and consequently began to see himself as bodily reading the Lotus Sutra (Jpn. Hokke shikidoku). In some of his writings during a second exile (1271-1274) he began to identify himself with the key Lotus Sutra characters Sadāparibhūta and Visistacaritra and saw himself in the role of leading a vast outpouring of Bodhisattvas of the Earth.In 1274, after his two predictions of foreign invasion and political strife were seemingly actualized by the first attempted Mongol invasion of Japan along with an unsuccessful coup within the Hōjō clan, Nichiren was pardoned by the Shogunate authorities and his advice was sought but not heeded. The Risshō Ankoku Ron in which he first predicted foreign invasion and civil disorder is now considered by Japanese historians to be a literary classic illustrating the apprehensions of that period. In 1358 he was bestowed the title Nichiren Dai-Bosatsu (日蓮大菩薩) (Great Bodhisattva Nichiren) by Emperor Go-Kōgon and in 1922 the title Risshō Daishi (立正大師) (Great Teacher of Rectification) was conferred posthumously by imperial edict.Nichiren remains a controversial figure among scholars who cast him as either a fervent nationalist or a social reformer with a transnational religious vision. Critical scholars have used words such as intolerant, nationalistic, militaristic, and self-righteous to portray him. On the other hand, Nichiren has been presented as a revolutionary, a classic reformer, and as a prophet.
Nichiren is often compared to other religious figures who shared similar rebellious and revolutionary drives to reform degeneration in their respective societies or schools.Today, Nichiren Buddhism includes traditional temple schools such as the confederation of Nichiren-shū and Nichiren Shōshū temples, as well as modern lay movements such as Soka Gakkai, Risshō Kōsei Kai, Reiyūkai, Kenshōkai, Honmon Butsuryū-shū, Kempon Hokke, and Shōshinkai. Each group has varying views of Nichiren's teachings with interpretations of Nichiren's identity ranging from the reincarnation of bodhisattva Visistacaritra to the ...
Nichiren | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:17 1 Biography
00:05:07 1.1 Birth
00:07:07 1.2 Buddhist education
00:09:08 1.3 Declaration of Nam(u) Myoho Renge Kyo
00:11:23 1.4 First remonstration to the Kamakura government
00:16:08 1.5 Attempt at execution
00:19:06 1.6 Second banishment and exile
00:21:41 1.7 The Mandala Gohonzon
00:23:38 1.8 Return to Kamakura
00:25:03 1.9 Retirement to Mount Minobu
00:28:43 1.10 Death
00:29:57 2 Teachings
00:32:28 2.1 Contributions based on Tendai or contemporary thought
00:32:54 2.1.1 Immanence
00:35:12 2.1.2 The Latter Day of the Law
00:36:18 2.1.3 Debate and polemics
00:39:20 2.1.4 Single Practice Buddhism
00:40:14 2.1.5 Protective forces
00:41:40 2.2 Unique teachings
00:41:55 2.2.1 The Five Principles
00:42:35 2.2.2 The Four Denunciations
00:44:05 2.2.3 The doctrine of the Three Great Secret Dharmas
00:47:12 2.2.4 Changing karma to mission
00:50:33 2.2.5 The great vow to achieve Kosen-rufu
00:52:43 3 Nichiren and his followers
00:54:38 4 After Nichiren's death
00:55:03 5 Writings
00:56:19 5.1 Selected important writings
00:57:54 5.2 Personal letters to followers
00:59:46 5.3 Writings to women
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.991372492987951
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Nichiren (日蓮; born as Zennichimaro (善日麿), Dharma name: Rencho - 16 February 1222 – 13 October 1282) was a Japanese Buddhist priest who lived during the Kamakura period (1185–1333) and developed the teachings that are now considered Nichiren Buddhism, a branch school of Mahayana Buddhism.Nichiren was highly controversial in his day and was known for preaching that the Lotus Sutra alone contains the highest truth of Buddhist teachings and represents the effective teaching for the Third Age of Buddhism. He declared that social and political peace are dependent on the quality of the belief system that is upheld in a nation. He advocated the repeated recitation of the Sutra's title, Nam(u)-myoho-renge-kyo. In addition, he held that the historical Shakyamuni Buddha was the manifestation of a Buddha-nature that is equally accessible to all. He insisted that those who claim to be believers of the Sutra must propagate it even in the face of persecution.Nichiren was a prolific writer and his biography, temperament, and the evolution of his thinking has been primarily gleaned from his own writings. He launched his teachings in 1253, advocating an exclusive return to the Lotus Sutra as based on its original Tendai interpretations. His 1260 treatise Risshō Ankoku Ron (立正安国論) (On Establishing the Correct Teaching for the Peace of the Land) argued that a nation that embraces the Lotus Sutra will experience peace and prosperity whereas rulers who support inferior religious teachings invite disorder and disaster into their realms. In a 1264 essay, he stated that the title of the Lotus Sutra, Nam(u)-myoho-renge-kyo, encompasses all Buddhist teachings and its recitation leads to enlightenment. As a result of his adamant stance, he experienced severe persecution imposed by the Kamakura Shogunate and consequently began to see himself as bodily reading the Lotus Sutra (Jpn. Hokke shikidoku). In some of his writings during a second exile (1271-1274) he began to identify himself with the key Lotus Sutra characters Sadāparibhūta and Visistacaritra and saw himself in the role of leading a vast outpouring of Bodhisattvas of the Earth.In 1274, after his two predictions of foreign invasion and political strife were seemingly actualized by the first attempted Mongol invasion of Japan along with an unsuccessful coup within the Hōjō clan, Nichiren was pardoned by the Shogunate authorities and his advice was sought but not heeded. The Risshō Ankoku Ron in which he first predicted foreign invasion and civil disorder is now considered by Japanese historians to be a literary classic i ...
Nichiren | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nichiren
00:04:03 1 Biography
00:04:50 1.1 Birth
00:06:43 1.2 Buddhist education
00:08:37 1.3 Declaration of Nam(u) Myoho Renge Kyo
00:10:44 1.4 First remonstration to the Kamakura government
00:15:11 1.5 Attempt at execution
00:17:56 1.6 Second banishment and exile
00:20:21 1.7 The Mandala Gohonzon
00:22:10 1.8 Return to Kamakura
00:23:29 1.9 Retirement to Mount Minobu
00:26:55 1.10 Death
00:28:05 2 Teachings
00:30:25 2.1 Contributions based on Tendai or contemporary thought
00:30:49 2.1.1 Immanence
00:32:59 2.1.2 The Latter Day of the Law
00:34:01 2.1.3 Debate and polemics
00:36:49 2.1.4 Single Practice Buddhism
00:37:41 2.1.5 Protective forces
00:39:02 2.2 Unique teachings
00:39:16 2.2.1 The Five Principles
00:39:54 2.2.2 The Four Denunciations
00:41:18 2.2.3 The doctrine of the Three Great Secret Dharmas
00:44:12 2.2.4 Changing karma to mission
00:47:19 2.2.5 The great vow to achieve Kosen-rufu
00:49:20 3 Nichiren and his followers
00:51:06 4 After Nichiren's death
00:51:30 5 Writings
00:52:42 5.1 Selected important writings
00:54:13 5.2 Personal letters to followers
00:55:57 5.3 Writings to women
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Nichiren (日蓮; born as Zennichimaro (善日麿), Dharma name: Rencho - 16 February 1222 – 13 October 1282) was a Japanese Buddhist priest who lived during the Kamakura period (1185–1333) and developed the teachings that are now considered Nichiren Buddhism, a branch school of Mahayana Buddhism.Nichiren was highly controversial in his day and was known for preaching that the Lotus Sutra alone contains the highest truth of Buddhist teachings and represents the effective teaching for the Third Age of Buddhism. He declared that social and political peace are dependent on the quality of the belief system that is upheld in a nation. He advocated the repeated recitation of the Sutra's title, Nam(u)-myoho-renge-kyo. In addition, he held that the historical Shakyamuni Buddha was the manifestation of a Buddha-nature that is equally accessible to all. He insisted that those who claim to be believers of the Sutra must propagate it even in the face of persecution.Nichiren was a prolific writer and his biography, temperament, and the evolution of his thinking has been primarily gleaned from his own writings. He launched his teachings in 1253, advocating an exclusive return to the Lotus Sutra as based on its original Tendai interpretations. His 1260 treatise Risshō Ankoku Ron (立正安国論) (On Establishing the Correct Teaching for the Peace of the Land) argued that a nation that embraces the Lotus Sutra will experience peace and prosperity whereas rulers who support inferior religious teachings invite disorder and disaster into their realms. In a 1264 essay he stated that the title of the Lotus Sutra, Nam(u)-myoho-renge-kyo, encompasses all Buddhist teachings and its recitation leads to enlightenment. As a result of his adamant stance he experienced severe persecution imposed by the Kamakura Shogunate and consequently began to see himself as bodily reading the Lotus Sutra (Jpn. Hokke shikidoku). In some of his writings during a second exile (1271-1274) he began to identify himself with the key Lotus Sutra characters Sadāparibhūta and Visistacaritra and saw himself in the role of leading a vast outpouring of Bodhisattvas of the Earth.In 1274, after his two predictions of foreign invasion and political strife were seemingly actualized by the first attempted Mongol invasion of Japan along with an unsuccessful coup within the Hōjō clan, Nichiren was pardoned by the Shogunate authorities and his advice was sought but not heeded. The Risshō Ankoku Ron in which he first predicted foreign invasion and civil disorder is now considered by Japanese historians to be a literary classic illustrating the apprehensions of that period. In 1358 he was bestowed the title Nichiren Dai-Bosatsu (日蓮大菩薩) (Great Bodhisattva Nichiren) by Emperor Go-Kōgon and in 1922 the titl ...
Nichiren | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:28 1 Biography
00:05:20 1.1 Birth
00:07:24 1.2 Buddhist education
00:09:29 1.3 Declaration of Nam(u) Myoho Renge Kyo
00:11:53 1.4 First remonstration to the Kamakura government
00:16:53 1.5 Attempt at execution
00:19:59 1.6 Second banishment and exile
00:22:46 1.7 The Mandala Gohonzon
00:24:50 1.8 Return to Kamakura
00:26:18 1.9 Retirement to Mount Minobu
00:30:08 1.10 Death
00:31:26 2 Teachings
00:34:04 2.1 Contributions based on Tendai or contemporary thought
00:34:31 2.1.1 Immanence
00:36:56 2.1.2 The Latter Day of the Law
00:38:04 2.1.3 Debate and polemics
00:41:14 2.1.4 Single Practice Buddhism
00:42:10 2.1.5 Protective forces
00:43:41 2.2 Unique teachings
00:43:56 2.2.1 The Five Principles
00:44:38 2.2.2 The Four Denunciations
00:46:11 2.2.3 The doctrine of the Three Great Secret Dharmas
00:49:27 2.2.4 Changing karma to mission
00:52:57 2.2.5 The great vow to achieve Kosen-rufu
00:55:12 3 Nichiren and his followers
00:57:12 4 After Nichiren's death
00:57:38 5 Writings
00:58:57 5.1 Selected important writings
01:00:37 5.2 Personal letters to followers
01:02:33 5.3 Writings to women
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9473911020189297
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Nichiren (日蓮; born as Zennichimaro (善日麿), Dharma name: Rencho - 16 February 1222 – 13 October 1282) was a Japanese Buddhist priest who lived during the Kamakura period (1185–1333) and developed the teachings that are now considered Nichiren Buddhism, a branch school of Mahayana Buddhism.Nichiren was highly controversial in his day and was known for preaching that the Lotus Sutra alone contains the highest truth of Buddhist teachings and represents the effective teaching for the Third Age of Buddhism. He declared that social and political peace are dependent on the quality of the belief system that is upheld in a nation. He advocated the repeated recitation of the Sutra's title, Nam(u)-myoho-renge-kyo. In addition, he held that the historical Shakyamuni Buddha was the manifestation of a Buddha-nature that is equally accessible to all. He insisted that those who claim to be believers of the Sutra must propagate it even in the face of persecution.Nichiren was a prolific writer and his biography, temperament, and the evolution of his thinking has been primarily gleaned from his own writings. He launched his teachings in 1253, advocating an exclusive return to the Lotus Sutra as based on its original Tendai interpretations. His 1260 treatise Risshō Ankoku Ron (立正安国論) (On Establishing the Correct Teaching for the Peace of the Land) argued that a nation that embraces the Lotus Sutra will experience peace and prosperity whereas rulers who support inferior religious teachings invite disorder and disaster into their realms. In a 1264 essay he stated that the title of the Lotus Sutra, Nam(u)-myoho-renge-kyo, encompasses all Buddhist teachings and its recitation leads to enlightenment. As a result of his adamant stance he experienced severe persecution imposed by the Kamakura Shogunate and consequently began to see himself as bodily reading the Lotus Sutra (Jpn. Hokke shikidoku). In some of his writings during a second exile (1271-1274) he began to identify himself with the key Lotus Sutra characters Sadāparibhūta and Visistacaritra and saw himself in the role of leading a vast outpouring of Bodhisattvas of the Earth.In 1274, after his two predictions of foreign invasion and political strife were seemingly actualized by the first attempted Mongol invasion of Japan along with an unsuccessful coup within the Hōjō clan, Nichiren was pardoned by the Shogunate authorities and his advice was sought but not heeded. The Risshō Ankoku Ron in which he first predicted foreign invasion and civil disorder is now considered by Japanese historians to be a literary classic il ...
Nichiren | Wikipedia audio article | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nichiren | Wikipedia audio article
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Nichiren (日蓮; born as Zennichimaro (善日麿), Dharma name: Rencho - 16 February 1222 – 13 October 1282) was a Japanese Buddhist priest who lived during the Kamakura period (1185–1333) and developed the teachings that are now considered Nichiren Buddhism, a branch school of Mahayana Buddhism.Nichiren was highly controversial in his day and was known for preaching that the Lotus Sutra alone contains the highest truth of Buddhist teachings and represents the effective teaching for the Third Age of Buddhism. He declared that social and political peace are dependent on the quality of the belief system that is upheld in a nation. He advocated the repeated recitation of the Sutra's title, Nam(u)-myoho-renge-kyo. In addition, he held that the historical Shakyamuni Buddha was the manifestation of a Buddha-nature that is equally accessible to all. He insisted that those who claim to be believers of the Sutra must propagate it even in the face of persecution.Nichiren was a prolific writer and his biography, temperament, and the evolution of his thinking has been primarily gleaned from his own writings. He launched his teachings in 1253, advocating an exclusive return to the Lotus Sutra as based on its original Tendai interpretations. His 1260 treatise Risshō Ankoku Ron (立正安国論) (On Establishing the Correct Teaching for the Peace of the Land) argued that a nation that embraces the Lotus Sutra will experience peace and prosperity whereas rulers who support inferior religious teachings invite disorder and disaster into their realms. In a 1264 essay he stated that the title of the Lotus Sutra, Nam(u)-myoho-renge-kyo, encompasses all Buddhist teachings and its recitation leads to enlightenment. As a result of his adamant stance he experienced severe persecution imposed by the Kamakura Shogunate and consequently began to see himself as bodily reading the Lotus Sutra (Jpn. Hokke shikidoku). In some of his writings during a second exile (1271-1274) he began to identify himself with the key Lotus Sutra characters Sadāparibhūta and Visistacaritra and saw himself in the role of leading a vast outpouring of Bodhisattvas of the Earth.In 1274, after his two predictions of foreign invasion and political strife were seemingly actualized by the first attempted Mongol invasion of Japan along with an unsuccessful coup within the Hōjō clan, Nichiren was pardoned by the Shogunate authorities and his advice was sought but not heeded. The Risshō Ankoku Ron in which he first predicted foreign invasion and civil disorder is now considered by Japanese historians to be a literary classic illustrating the apprehensions of that period. In 1358 he was bestowed the title Nichiren Dai-Bosatsu (日蓮大菩薩) (Great Bodhisattva Nichiren) by Emperor Go-Kōgon and in 1922 the title Risshō Daishi (立正大師) (Great Teacher of Rectification) was conferred posthumously by imperial edict.Nichiren remains a controversial figure among scholars who cast him as either a fervent nationalist or a social reformer with a transnational religious vision. Critical scholars have used words such as intolerant, nationalistic, militaristic, and self-righteous to portray him. On the other hand, Nichiren has been presented as a revolutionary, a classic reformer, and as a prophet.
Nichiren is often compared to other religious figures who shared similar rebellious and revolutionary drives to reform degeneration in their respective societies or schools.Today, Nichiren Buddhism includes traditional temple schools such as the confederation of Nichiren-shū and Nichiren Shōshū temples, as well as modern lay movements such as Soka Gakkai, Risshō Kōsei Kai, Reiyūkai, Kenshōkai, Honmon Butsuryū-shū, Kempon Hokke, and Shōshinkai. Each group has varying views of Nichiren's teachings with interpretations of Nichiren's identity ranging from the reincarnation of bodhisattva Visistacaritra to the pri ...