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Toroweap Point

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Toroweap Point
Toroweap Point
Toroweap Point
Toroweap Point
Toroweap Point
Toroweap Point
Toroweap Point
Toroweap Point
Toroweap Point
Toroweap Point
Toroweap Point
Toroweap Point
Toroweap Point
Toroweap Point
Toroweap Point
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Grand Canyon National Park, AZ

The Middle Permian Toroweap Formation is a thin, darker geologic unit, between the brighter colored units of the Kaibab Limestone above, and Coconino Sandstone below. It is a prominent unit in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, found through sections of the South Rim, Grand Canyon, and the North Rim, of the Kaibab Plateau; also the Kaibab's southeast extension to Cape Royal, the Walhalla Plateau. The Colorado River of the Grand Canyon makes its excursion from due-south to due-west around the Walhalla Plateau, as it enters the east end of the Grand Canyon's interior, Granite Gorge. The formation is also found in southeast Utah. The Toroweap Formation is a darker unit of gypsum and shale; also sandstone. In photos the cliff-forming Kaibab and Coconino units, show the more erodable Toroweap Formation slope-forming accumulations upon the underlying Coconino Sandstone; likewise below the Coconino, the softer Hermit Formation is shown forming slopes, above the slope forming 'redbeds' of the Supai Group. Close-up views of the Toroweap will show the resistant sandstone sub-units as erosion resistant sections. Cliffs of the Toroweap Formation can be found in Walnut Canyon National Monument, about 70-mi southeast of the Grand Canyon, and east of Flagstaff, Arizona. Marine transgression, and continental wind-blown sand, laid down the three units of Kaibab, Toroweap, and Coconino. The oceanic sea came from the west, and receded and re-transgressed. The Coconino Sandstone being made of sand dunes, continental, means that near-shore Toroweap deposits, and off-shore Kaibab Limestone, can all have the same actual ages in different regions where they were deposited, . In Arizona, the Toroweap formation is found in two transgessions eastwards, with easternmost 'strand-lines' locating the shoreline, Toroweap west, and Coconino sand dunes or beach deposits, east.
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