Best Attractions and Places to See in Totnes, United Kingdom UK
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List of Best Things to do in Totnes, United Kingdom (UK)
The Timehouse
Dartington Hall Estate and Gardens
Totnes Rare Breeds Farm
Berry Pomeroy Castle
Leather School
Sharpham Wine and Cheese
Totnes Kayaks
Totnes Guildhall
St Mary's Church
Totnes Elizabethan House Museum
Places to see in ( Totnes - UK )
Places to see in ( Totnes - UK )
Totnes is a market town and civil parish at the head of the estuary of the River Dart in Devon, England within the South Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Totnes is about 22 miles (35 km) south southwest of Exeter and is the administrative centre of the South Hams District Council.
Totnes has a long recorded history, dating back to AD907 when its first castle was built; it was already an important market town by the 12th century. Indications of its former wealth and importance are given by the number of merchants' houses built in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Today, the town of Totnes is a thriving centre for music, art, theatre and natural health. It has a sizeable alternative and New Age community, and Totnes is known as a place where one can live a bohemian lifestyle. Two electoral wards mention Totnes (Bridgetown and Town).
Totnes is built on a hill rising from the west bank of the River Dart, which separates Totnes from the suburb of Bridgetown. It is at the lowest bridging point of the river which here is tidal and forms a winding estuary down to the sea at Dartmouth. The river continues to be tidal for about 1 mile (1.6 km) above the town, until it meets Totnes Weir, built in the 17th century. Today there are two road bridges, a railway bridge and a footbridge over the river in the town. Totnes Bridge is the nearest bridge to the sea and is a road bridge built in 1826–28 by Charles Fowler.
Totnes is said to have more listed buildings per head than any other town. The Norman motte-and-bailey Totnes Castle, now owned by English Heritage, was built during the reign of William I, probably by Juhel of Totnes. The late medieval church of St Mary with its 120 feet (37 m) high west tower, visible from afar, is built of rich red Devonian sandstone. A prominent feature of the town is the Eastgate—an arch spanning the middle of the main street. This Elizabethan entrance to the walled town was destroyed in a fire in September 1990, but was rebuilt.
The ancient Leechwell, so named because of the supposed medicinal properties of its water, and apparently where lepers once came to wash, still provides fresh water. The Butterwalk is a Tudor covered walkway that was built to protect the dairy products once sold here from the sun and rain. Totnes Elizabethan House Museum is in one of the many authentic Elizabethan merchant's houses in the town, built around 1575.
The A38 passes about 7 miles (11 km) to the west of Totnes, connected to the town by the A384 from Buckfastleigh and the A385 which continues to Paignton. The town also lies on the A381 between Newton Abbot and Salcombe. Totnes railway station is situated on the Exeter to Plymouth line, and has trains direct to London Paddington, Penzance and Plymouth, and as far north as Aberdeen. Nearby, Totnes (Riverside) railway station is at the southern end of the South Devon Railway Trust which runs tourist steam locomotives along the line that follows the River Dart up to Buckfastleigh.
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The Queen arrives in Plymouth to say farewell to UK's BIGGEST warship HMS Ocean
The Queen arrives in Plymouth to say farewell to UK's BIGGEST warship HMS Ocean.
THE Queen has arrived in Plymouth where she will formally decommission one of Britain's biggest warships during a military ceremony. HMS Ocean, or the Mighty O as she is known throughout the fleet, has been sold to the Brazilian navy for £84million.
The Queen arrived at Plymouth Railway Station in Devon by royal train and proceed by car to HMNB Devonport, where there will be a 21 gun salute.
She may be turning 92 in April, but the monarch showed no signs of slowing down as she was greeted by Captain Robert Pedre, the commanding officer of HMS Ocean, who presented Admiral Sir Philip Jones, First Sea Lord, and Commodore Ian Shipperly, the Naval Base Commander, to the monarch.
WAY TO RUN A RAILWAY
British Railways starts its new super fast electric service between London, Manchester and Liverpool. Our cameraman rides the 100 mile an hour train from London to Crewe. In contrast Mr Victor Martin, railways most avid fan has turned his home into a replica of a railway system. His garden contains perhaps the biggest model railway in Britain. Complete with clinkers between the rails.
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Places to see in ( Nantwich - UK )
Places to see in ( Nantwich - UK )
Nantwich is a market town and civil parish in Cheshire, England. The existence of a watermill south of Nantwich Bridge was noted in 1228 and again around 1363, though the cutting of a mill race or leat and the creation of an upstream weir, river diversion and the resulting Mill Island has been ascribed to the 16th century.
Nantwich's brine springs were used for spa or hydrotherapy purposes at two locations: the centrally-located Snow Hill swimming pool (inaugurated in 1883; the open-air brine pool is still in use today).
Nantwich, outside Chester, has the largest collection of historic buildings in the county. The listed buildings are clustered mainly in the town centre on Barker Street, Beam Street, Churchyard Side, High Street and Hospital Street, and extending across the Weaver on Welsh Row.
The oldest listed building is St Mary's Church, which dates from the 14th century and is listed Grade I. Two other listed buildings are known to pre-date the fire of 1583: Sweetbriar Hall and the Grade I listed Churche's Mansion, both timber-framed Elizabethan mansion houses.
Nantwich contains many Georgian town houses. Good examples include Dysart Buildings, 9 Mill Street, Townwell House and 83 Welsh Row. Several examples of Victorian corporate architecture are listed, including the former District Bank by Alfred Waterhouse. The most recent listed building is 1–5 Pillory Street, a curved corner block in 17th century French style which dates from 1911.
Dorfold Hall is a Grade I listed Jacobean mansion in the nearby village of Acton and was considered by Pevsner to be one of the two finest Jacobean houses in Cheshire. Nantwich Show, including the International Cheese Awards, takes place in the hall's grounds each summer. Nantwich Museum is in Pillory Street. It has galleries on the history of the town, including Roman salt making, Tudor Nantwich's Great Fire, the Civil War Battle of Nantwich (1644) and the more recent shoe and clothing industries.
Nantwich is on the Cheshire Plain, on the banks of the River Weaver. The Shropshire Union Canal runs to the west of the town on an embankment, crossing the A534 via an iron aqueduct. The basin is a popular mooring for visitors to the town. It joins the Llangollen Canal at Hurleston to the north. Nantwich railway station is on the line from Crewe to Whitchurch, Shrewsbury and other towns along the Welsh border. The station is currently served mainly by stopping trains between Crewe and Shrewsbury.
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Dartmouth Steamtrain at Greenway Halt Station, Devon
My mode of transport for my trip to Agatha Christie's house at Greenway
1930s Kingswear, Devon Home Movies, HD from 16mm
1930s Kingswear, Devon Home Movies, HD from 16mm from the Kinolibrary Archive Film Collections. To order the clip clean and high res for your commercial project or to find out more visit Available in 2K. Clip ref HM59.
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Street scene, Kingswear, Devon. Boat pushing off from pier. Large liner in harbour, boat docking.
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Christmas Day in Bath | Filmed in 4K
Filmed on the Panasonic GH4 4K Camera, 25th December 2015
Music: bensound.com
Bebop drone flight around Berry Pomeroy Castle
Tucked away in a deep wooded valley, Berry Pomeroy Castle is the perfect romantic ruin with a colourful history of intrigue.
Within the 15th-century defences of the Pomeroy family castle, looms the dramatic ruined shell of its successor, the great Elizabethan mansion of the Seymours. Begun in around 1560 and ambitiously enlarged from around 1600, their mansion was intended to become the most spectacular house in Devon, a match for Longleat and Audley End. Never completed, and abandoned by 1700.
The castle is reputed to be the most haunted castle in the UK. I went there around midnight with a group of friends, whilst looking around the castle grounds we bumped into another group, and another, and another.... it seemed to be more crowded with people around midnight than during a busy summer day.
Part 3. ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? Cruise ⏫ ???? The River Severn at Shrewsbury on the HAFREN. ????????♂️???? ⛵️ ????
4K. PART 3 OF SHREWSBURY & CRUISING THE RIVER SEVERN ON THE SABRINA.
Here is a little history relating to that name Sabrina.
THE BOAT IS NOT NAMED AFTER Norma Ann Sykes (19 May 1936 – 24 November 2016), better known as Sabrina or Sabby. Sabrina was one of a host of exotic, glamorous (British) starlets ... modelled on the likes of Marilyn Monroe, Jayne Mansfield and Lana Turner.
The River Severn, famous for its tidal bore, is the longest river in Britain. According to some sources, the name 'Severn' is derived from Sabrina (or Hafren in Welsh) and is based on the mythical story of a nymph who drowned in the river.
Facts: Dilwyn Jones, Is the Owner of The Sabrina.
Dilwyn brings his personality to Sabrina. You will meet him occasionally driving the boat, overseeing your private party or visiting trade shows, and when you do, you won’t forget him!
Dilwyn’s favourite thing about the water? Is when there’s not too much of it!
Ian Green is the Skipper of The Sabrina. He drives the boat with pizzazz, and a complete enthusiasm, while keeping you informed on Shrewsbury’s history with his interesting commentary.
Ian’s favourite thing about the water? Watching the cormorants dive for fish.
Shrewsbury is the county town of Shropshire, in western England. It sits inside a loop of the River Severn, and its Tudor centre is lined with half-timbered houses. The medieval, red-brick Shrewsbury Castle houses the Shropshire Regimental Museum, where military artefacts include uniforms and weaponry. St Chad's Church is defined by its unique circular nave, and St Mary’s Church has elaborate stained-glass windows. The core content contained in the above combined articles, was originally written by several A.N. Others + myself, then combined. It was then all re-formatted, re-edited, with the spelling & grammar corrected, then added to where pertinent, before being updated by me, myself, and I, to suit this subject matter more exclusively.
Over the centuries the lives and landscape of Shrewsbury has been forged by the River Severn. This has made it possible for the town to thrive, providing an abundance of food and water to power industry. When the floods came, she fertilise the land, sweeping nutrients from the Welsh mountain soil and replenishing the earth from which farmers work. And with the same stroke, the very lifeblood of the town has caused destruction as she carves away through stone and dirt to shape the Shrewsbury we see today.
The mighty River Severn is Britain's longest river. It runs for 220 miles from the Welsh mountains, through the beautiful Shropshire and Worcestershire countryside and down to the flat lands of the Severn estuary.
Thanks to the Severn Way, a continuous towpath along the Severn, you can explore the whole length of the river on foot from source to sea. It’s quite a stroll.
INFORMATION FOR GEEKS LIKE ME:
This video was shot, both still images & videos, in the 4K format, and then edited in Corel Video Studio 10. The audio was recorded on a Zoom H2n, with all Back at base voice overs, and worked on in Audacity which is a free to download & free to use program.
Audacity can be downloaded here:
The core content contained in the above combined articles, was originally written by several A.N. Others + myself, then combined. It was then all re-formatted, re-edited, with the spelling & grammar corrected, then added to where pertinent, before being updated by me, myself, and I, to suit this subject matter more exclusively.
Thank you to all those knowingly or unknowingly who were involved in this.
SATC - Rare Breeds Farm, KI
SATC - Rare Breeds Farm, KI
(HD) Dartmouth & Blackpool Sands, South Devon .UK. (Part Two) Tuesday 28th April 2015.
****** Watch in Full Screen in 1080 HD *******
This is Part Two of our visit to South Devon on Tuesday 28th April 2015. We were there because of our Youngest and his Friend had parts as extras on a Film Set at Blackpool Sands in the area. The Beach which is privately owned was used as a location for a forthcoming TV series. We had over 8 Hours free time before they could go Home, So Sharon and myself Filmed Torcross and Start Bay (Video part One) and Dartmouth and Blackpool Sands in this Part Two.
At Dartmouth we partook in a customary Cream Tea at the Railway Restaurant..very nice too. By chance i managed to get some footage of Manor Class 7827 'Lydham Manor' tender-first arriving into Kingswear on the Dartmouth Steam Railway. That was a nice little bonus with all those Boats everywhere !!
The clip approaching Blackpool Sands at 05.55 was taken by Sharon through the rear passenger side Window...bless Her...something 8 Months ago i thought would never happen again. We spent a few Hours at Blackpool Sands even after visiting the other places. So there is a variety of clips at different times. The most amazing ones are at Dusk at 8.30PM .The Panasonic has done a great job here making it look more like normal Daylight. The last two clips were taken at 21.30 in the dark( With the sound of a Power Generator Truck nearby for the Filming) 1) The light of the Floodlights illuminate the Cliffs on the North end of The Beach..magic.
2) Looking out across the Bay to see The Start Bay Lighthouse flashing in the distance...You can just make-out the Cliffs on the right as i pan back..!! What an amazing Camcorder the Panasonic X920 is...it still manages to capture images in almost total darkness...well impressed.!! Hope you enjoy this final video of our trip here....Steve.~.
Filmed on a Panasonic HC X920.
With a Velbon RUP-L43II Monopod.
Scottish Streak: 60009 'Union Of South Africa' returns on 'The Edinburgh Flyer' - 20/04/2019
LNER Gresley A4 60009 'Union Of South Africa' is entering it's final season of operation before retirement. This decision was made by the loco's owner, John Cameron, who will place 60009 and LNER K4 61994 'The Great Marquess' on permanent display in a purpose-built museum on his land in Balbuthie. Whilst railway enthusiasts are disappointed at this turn of events, all we can do is enjoy the A4's final stint in service before her fire goes out for the last time.
'Union Of South Africa' was initially supposed to re-enter service in early March, as she was booked for a few railtours over the Settle and Carlisle line that month. Overrunning maintenance meant that these dates would not be possible, and further issues caused her to withdraw last minute from a visit to the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, with SR Bullied 'West Country' 34092 'City Of Wells' taking her place. Thankfully, winter maintenance was completed by mid-April and 60009 could stretch her legs once again on the mainline.
The A4 was rostered for a run from York to Edinburgh and return on Saturday 20th April (rescheduled from 23rd March). As this tour fell during the Easter bank holiday weekend, i would be up in Scotland with my family, the perfect location to see 60009 on home territory.
I hope you all enjoy the video. Special thanks to the locomotive support crew for an excellent day's running. Feel free to comment and subscribe!
48151 - Culcheth Foot Crossing - 29th July, 2019
Forty seconds of video from yesterday, 29th July, showing rampant trackside vegetation and a glimpse through the greenery of 48151, as the 8f passed the foot crossing at Culcheth, returning to Carnforth from Burton-on-Trent with empty coaching stock.
Bristol | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Bristol
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Bristol ( (listen)) is a city and county in South West England with a population of 459,300. The wider district has the 10th-largest population in England. The urban area population of 724,000 is the 8th-largest in the UK. The city borders North Somerset and South Gloucestershire, with the cities of Bath and Gloucester to the south-east and north-east, respectively. South Wales lies across the Severn estuary.
Iron Age hill forts and Roman villas were built near the confluence of the rivers Frome and Avon, and around the beginning of the 11th century the settlement was known as Brycgstow (Old English the place at the bridge). Bristol received a royal charter in 1155 and was historically divided between Gloucestershire and Somerset until 1373, when it became a county of itself. From the 13th to the 18th century, Bristol was among the top three English cities after London in tax receipts. Bristol was surpassed by the rapid rise of Birmingham, Manchester and Liverpool in the Industrial Revolution.
Bristol was a starting place for early voyages of exploration to the New World. On a ship out of Bristol in 1497 John Cabot, a Venetian, became the first European since the Vikings to land on mainland North America. In 1499 William Weston, a Bristol merchant, was the first Englishman to lead an exploration to North America. At the height of the Bristol slave trade, from 1700 to 1807, more than 2,000 slave ships carried an estimated 500,000 people from Africa to slavery in the Americas. The Port of Bristol has since moved from Bristol Harbour in the city centre to the Severn Estuary at Avonmouth and Royal Portbury Dock.
Bristol's modern economy is built on the creative media, electronics and aerospace industries, and the city-centre docks have been redeveloped as centres of heritage and culture. The city has the largest circulating community currency in the U.K.—the Bristol pound, which is pegged to the Pound sterling. The city has two universities, the University of Bristol and the University of the West of England, and a variety of artistic and sporting organisations and venues including the Royal West of England Academy, the Arnolfini, Spike Island, Ashton Gate and the Memorial Stadium. It is connected to London and other major UK cities by road and rail, and to the world by sea and air: road, by the M5 and M4 (which connect to the city centre by the Portway and M32); rail, via Bristol Temple Meads and Bristol Parkway mainline rail stations; and Bristol Airport.
One of the UK's most popular tourist destinations, Bristol was selected in 2009 as one of the world's top ten cities by international travel publishers Dorling Kindersley in their Eyewitness series of travel guides. The Sunday Times named it as the best city in Britain in which to live in 2014 and 2017, and Bristol also won the EU's European Green Capital Award in 2015.
76079 Milford L & Church Fenton
Rileys Class 4MT - 'Pocket Rocket' having completed its summer stint on the Welsh Coast is pictured heading back towards the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, still bearing 'The Cambrian' headboard.
It is seen here just pulling away full of water from Milford loop sidings after travelling from an overnight stop at its home in Bury, then minutes later (I just got there in time !) storming Northwards through Church Fenton, with only 3 observers.
University of Exeter | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:13 1 History
00:02:34 1.1 University College of the South West of England
00:06:40 1.2 St Luke's College Exeter
00:09:13 1.3 Camborne School of Mines
00:10:44 2 Campus
00:10:53 2.1 Streatham Campus
00:15:13 2.2 St Luke's Campus
00:16:28 2.3 Penryn Campus
00:18:15 3 Organisation and administration
00:18:25 3.1 Governance
00:20:25 3.2 Colleges and departments
00:20:35 3.2.1 Centre for Maritime Historical Studies
00:21:04 3.3 Coat of arms
00:21:52 4 Academic profile
00:22:02 4.1 Admissions
00:24:41 4.2 Research
00:27:40 4.2.1 Exeter Law Review
00:28:27 4.3 Rankings and reputation
00:30:47 4.4 Online courses
00:31:50 5 Student life
00:32:00 5.1 Students' Guild
00:34:45 5.2 Sport
00:35:49 5.3 Theatre
00:36:30 5.4 Music
00:37:31 5.5 Journalism
00:38:16 5.6 EUOTC
00:38:44 5.7 BUAS
00:39:06 5.8 Halls of residence
00:39:15 6 Notable alumni
00:44:35 6.1 Royalty
00:45:24 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9445974739123413
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The University of Exeter is a public research university in Exeter, Devon, South West England, United Kingdom. It was founded and received its royal charter in 1955, although its predecessor institutions, St Luke's College, Exeter School of Science, Exeter School of Art, and the Camborne School of Mines were established in 1838, 1855, 1863, and 1888 respectively. In post-nominals, the University of Exeter is abbreviated as Exon. (from the Latin Exoniensis), and is the suffix given to honorary and academic degrees from the university.
The university has four campuses: Streatham and St Luke's (both of which are in Exeter); and Truro and Penryn (both of which are in Cornwall). The university is primarily located in the city of Exeter, Devon, where it is the principal higher education institution. Streatham is the largest campus containing many of the university's administrative buildings The Penryn campus is maintained in conjunction with Falmouth University under the Combined Universities in Cornwall (CUC) initiative. The Exeter Streatham Campus Library holds more than 1.2 million physical library resources, including historical journals and special collections.Exeter was named the Sunday Times University of the Year in 2013 and was the Times Higher Education University of the Year in 2007. It has maintained a top ten position in the National Student Survey since the survey was launched in 2005. The annual income of the institution for 2017–18 was £415.5 million of which £76.1 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £414.2 million.Exeter is a member of the Russell Group of leading research-intensive UK universities and is also a member of Universities UK, the European University Association, and the Association of Commonwealth Universities and an accredited institution of the Association of MBAs (AMBA).
Isambard Kingdom Brunel
Isambard Kingdom Brunel, FRS (/ˈɪzəmbɑrd bruːˈnɛl/; 9 April 1806 – 15 September 1859), was an English mechanical and civil engineer who built dockyards, the Great Western Railway, a series of steamships including the first propeller-driven transatlantic steamship and numerous important bridges and tunnels. His designs revolutionised public transport and modern engineering.
Though Brunel's projects were not always successful, they often contained innovative solutions to long-standing engineering problems. During his short career, Brunel achieved many engineering firsts, including assisting in the building of the first tunnel under a navigable river and development of SS Great Britain, the first propeller-driven ocean-going iron ship, which was at the time (1843) also the largest ship ever built.
This video is targeted to blind users.
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Article text available under CC-BY-SA
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New World Tapestry | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:52 1 The panels
00:01:56 2 The creation of the tapestry
00:04:27 2.1 The stitchers
00:06:15 3 Racism controversy
00:07:19 4 The Library
00:07:49 5 Supporters
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9493878943683549
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The New World Tapestry was for a time the largest stitched embroidery in the world, larger than the Bayeux Tapestry. It depicts English colonisation attempts in Newfoundland, North America, the Guyanas and Bermuda between the years 1583 and 1642, when the English Civil War began.
Work began on the tapestry in 1980 and continued for twenty years. The tapestry's home was the British Empire & Commonwealth Museum in the original 1840s terminal station designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel near the modern Bristol Temple Meads railway station in central Bristol, England. This museum has now closed and the collections are cared for by Bristol Museums, Galleries & Archives. The tapestry and the rest of the collections are in storage.
Hippie | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Hippie
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A hippie (sometimes spelled hippy) is a member of the counterculture of the 1960s, originally a youth movement that began in the United States during the mid-1960s and spread to other countries around the world. The word hippie came from hipster and used to describe beatniks who moved into New York City's Greenwich Village and San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury district. The term hippie first found popularity in San Francisco with Herb Caen, who was a journalist for the San Francisco Chronicle.
The origins of the terms hip and hep are uncertain. By the 1940s, both had become part of African American jive slang and meant sophisticated; currently fashionable; fully up-to-date. The Beats adopted the term hip, and early hippies inherited the language and countercultural values of the Beat Generation. Hippies created their own communities, listened to psychedelic music, embraced the sexual revolution, and many used drugs such as marijuana, LSD, peyote and psilocybin mushrooms to explore altered states of consciousness.
In 1967, the Human Be-In in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, popularized hippie culture, leading to the Summer of Love on the West Coast of the United States, and the 1969 Woodstock Festival on the East Coast. Hippies in Mexico, known as jipitecas, formed La Onda and gathered at Avándaro, while in New Zealand, nomadic housetruckers practiced alternative lifestyles and promoted sustainable energy at Nambassa. In the United Kingdom in 1970, many gathered at the gigantic Isle of Wight Festival with a crowd of around 400,000 people. In later years, mobile peace convoys of New Age travelers made summer pilgrimages to free music festivals at Stonehenge and elsewhere. In Australia, hippies gathered at Nimbin for the 1973 Aquarius Festival and the annual Cannabis Law Reform Rally or MardiGrass. Piedra Roja Festival, a major hippie event in Chile, was held in 1970. Hippie and psychedelic culture influenced 1960s and early 1970s young culture in Iron Curtain countries in Eastern Europe (see Mánička).Hippie fashion and values had a major effect on culture, influencing popular music, television, film, literature, and the arts. Since the 1960s, mainstream society has assimilated many aspects of hippie culture. The religious and cultural diversity the hippies espoused has gained widespread acceptance, and Eastern philosophy and spiritual concepts have reached a larger audience.