Myanmar | Wikipedia audio article
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Myanmar
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Myanmar (English pronunciation below; Burmese: [mjəmà]), officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a country in Southeast Asia. Myanmar is bordered by India and Bangladesh to its west, Thailand and Laos to its east and China to its north and northeast. To its south, about one third of Myanmar's total perimeter of 5,876 km (3,651 mi) forms an uninterrupted coastline of 1,930 km (1,200 mi) along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census counted the population to be 51 million people. As of 2017, the population is about 54 million. Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,228 square miles) in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city and former capital is Yangon (Rangoon). Myanmar has been a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) since 1997.
Early civilisations in Myanmar included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Burma and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Burma. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley and, following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell due to the Mongol invasions and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo dynasty, the country was for a brief period the largest empire in the history of Mainland Southeast Asia. The early 19th century Konbaung dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. The British took over the administration of Myanmar after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century and the country became a British colony. Myanmar was granted independence in 1948, as a democratic nation. Following a coup d'état in 1962, it became a military dictatorship under the Burma Socialist Programme Party.
For most of its independent years, the country has been engrossed in rampant ethnic strife and its myriad ethnic groups have been involved in one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. During this time, the United Nations and several other organisations have reported consistent and systematic human rights violations in the country. In 2011, the military junta was officially dissolved following a 2010 general election, and a nominally civilian government was installed. This, along with the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and political prisoners, has improved the country's human rights record and foreign relations, and has led to the easing of trade and other economic sanctions. There is, however, continuing criticism of the government's treatment of ethnic minorities, its response to the ethnic insurgency, and religious clashes. In the landmark 2015 election, Aung San Suu Kyi's party won a majority in both houses. However, the Burmese military remains a powerful force in politics.
Myanmar is a country rich in jade and gems, oil, natural gas and other mineral resources. In 2013, its GDP (nominal) stood at US$56.7 billion and its GDP (PPP) at US$221.5 billion. The income gap in Myanmar is among the widest in the world, as a large proportion of the economy is controlled by supporters of the former military government. As of 2016, Myanmar ranks 145 out of 188 countries in human development, according to the Human Development Index.
Burma | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:13 1 Etymology
00:07:49 1.1 English pronunciations of iMyanmar/i
00:08:06 2 History
00:08:15 2.1 Prehistory
00:09:57 2.2 Early city-states
00:11:13 2.3 Imperial Burma
00:14:22 2.4 Taungoo and colonialism
00:18:58 2.5 British Burma (1824–1948)
00:19:10 2.5.1 Burma in British India
00:21:03 2.5.2 Separation of British Burma from British India
00:24:00 2.6 Independence (1948–1962)
00:25:53 2.7 Military rule (1962–2011)
00:31:20 2.8 Civil wars
00:33:38 2.9 Democratic reforms
00:37:31 2.10 2015 general elections
00:38:32 3 Geography
00:41:02 3.1 Administrative divisions
00:41:50 3.2 Climate
00:42:47 3.3 Environment
00:44:07 3.3.1 Wildlife
00:46:06 4 Government and politics
00:47:18 4.1 Political culture
00:49:29 4.2 Foreign relations
00:53:33 4.3 Military
00:56:28 4.4 Human rights and internal conflicts
00:58:43 4.4.1 Child soldiers
01:00:14 4.4.2 Child/forced/slave labour, systematic sexual violence and human trafficking
01:00:48 4.4.3 Genocide allegations and crimes against Rohingya people
01:04:12 4.4.3.1 Rohingya left by boat
01:04:55 4.4.3.2 2012 Rakhine State riots
01:06:47 4.4.4 Freedom of speech
01:08:25 4.4.5 Praise for the 2011 government reforms
01:10:26 4.4.6 2013 onwards
01:11:57 4.5 Nuclear weapons programme
01:12:31 4.6 Combating Climate Change
01:14:08 5 Economy
01:15:51 5.1 Economic history
01:18:42 5.2 Agriculture
01:19:39 5.3 Drug production
01:20:15 5.4 Natural resources
01:21:54 5.5 Tourism
01:25:10 5.6 Economic sanctions
01:26:52 5.7 Government stakeholders in business
01:27:14 5.8 Economic liberalisation, post–2011
01:28:58 5.9 Units of measurement
01:29:54 6 Society
01:30:03 6.1 Demographics
01:32:16 6.2 Largest cities
01:32:25 6.3 Ethnic groups
01:35:50 6.4 Languages
01:37:45 6.5 Religion
01:40:37 6.6 Health
01:42:48 6.7 Education
01:44:53 6.8 Crime
01:46:21 7 Culture
01:48:44 7.1 Cuisine
01:49:57 7.2 Sport
01:50:37 7.3 Art
01:51:33 7.4 Media and communications
01:52:35 7.4.1 Internet
01:53:47 7.5 Film
01:56:09 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8038355257350529
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Myanmar (English pronunciation below; Burmese: [mjəmà]), officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a country in Southeast Asia. Myanmar is bordered by India and Bangladesh to its west, Thailand and Laos to its east and China to its north and northeast. To its south, about one third of Myanmar's total perimeter of 5,876 km (3,651 mi) forms an uninterrupted coastline of 1,930 km (1,200 mi) along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census counted the population to be 51 million people. As of 2017, the population is about 54 million. Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,228 square miles) in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city and former capital is Yangon (Rangoon). Myanmar has been a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) since 1997.
Early civilisations in Myanmar included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Burma and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Burma. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley and, following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell due to the Mongol invasions and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo dynasty, the country was for a brief period the largest empire in the history of Mainland Southeast Asia. The early 19th century Konbaung dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. The British took over the administration of Myanmar after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century and the country became a British colony. Myanmar was granted ind ...