10. Popular Protest
European Civilization, 1648-1945 (HIST 202)
Collective violence, in the form of popular protest, was one of the principal ways in which people resisted the expansion of capitalism and the state throughout the nineteenth century. The nature of this protest can be charted through three different, but related examples: grain riots across Europe in the first half of the century, the mythical figure of Captain Swing in England, and the Demoiselles of the Ariège in France. While these movements were ultimately repressed by the forces of capital and state power, they represented an attempt on the part of working people, the remainders of history, to impose an idea of popular justice.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Popular Protest and Collective Violence
03:59 - Chapter 2. The Grain Riots
22:21 - Chapter 3. The Swing Movement
33:48 - Chapter 4. The Demoiselles of the Ariège
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website:
This course was recorded in Fall 2008.
Italian Americans | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Italian Americans
00:02:45 1 History
00:02:54 1.1 Early period (1492–1775)
00:07:08 1.2 War of Independence to Civil War (1775–1861)
00:11:39 1.3 Civil War and after (1861–90)
00:14:44 1.4 The period of mass immigration (1890–1920)
00:27:26 1.5 1917-1941
00:35:04 1.6 World War II
00:39:05 1.7 Wartime violation of Italian-American civil liberties
00:42:20 1.8 Post-World War II period
00:48:37 1.9 Close of the twentieth century
00:51:49 2 Politics
00:55:57 3 Business and economy
00:56:58 3.1 Workers
00:58:50 3.2 Women
01:04:17 4 Culture
01:07:10 4.1 Literature
01:13:06 4.2 Religion
01:16:56 4.2.1 Italian Jews
01:20:04 4.3 Education
01:21:23 4.4 Language
01:27:55 4.5 Newspapers
01:32:17 4.6 Folklore
01:34:15 5 Discrimination and stereotyping
01:40:52 6 Communities
01:43:01 6.1 New York City
01:46:25 6.2 Philadelphia
01:49:15 6.3 Boston
01:50:19 6.4 Newark
01:52:12 6.5 Saint Louis
01:52:21 6.6 Syracuse
01:53:42 6.7 Providence
01:54:34 6.8 Chicago
01:56:57 6.9 Cleveland
01:58:41 6.10 Milwaukee
01:59:39 6.11 Ybor City
02:00:57 6.12 Birmingham
02:01:39 6.13 San Francisco
02:02:10 6.14 Los Angeles
02:03:29 6.15 San Diego
02:04:43 7 Demographics
02:10:14 7.1 U.S. States with over 10% people of Italian ancestry
02:10:48 7.2 U.S. Communities with the most residents of Italian ancestry
02:13:05 8 Notable people
02:13:14 9 See also
02:13:55 10 References and notes
02:14:05 11 Bibliography
02:14:14 12 External links
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Italian Americans (Italian: italoamericani or italo-americani [ˌitalo.ameriˈkaːni]) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans who have ancestry from Italy. Italian Americans are the seventh largest Census-reported ethnic group in the United States (which includes American ethnicity, an ethnonym used by many in the United States; overall, Italian Americans rank seventh, behind German American, African American, Irish American, Mexican American, English American, and American).About 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the United States from 1820 to 2004. By 1870, there were less than 25,000 Italian immigrants in America, many of them Northern Italian refugees from the wars that accompanied the Risorgimento—the struggle for Italian unification and independence from foreign rule. Immigration began to increase during the 1870s, when more than twice as many Italians immigrated (1870–79: 46,296) than during the five previous decades combined (1820–69: 22,627). The 1870s were followed by the greatest surge of immigration, which occurred between 1880 and 1914 and brought more than 4 million Italians to the United States, the great majority being from Southern Italy and Sicily, with most having agrarian backgrounds. This period of large scale immigration ended abruptly with the onset of the First World War in 1914 and, except for one year (1922), never fully resumed.
Further immigration was greatly limited by several laws Congress passed in the 1920s.Approximately 84% of the Italian immigrants came from the former Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. This was the poorest and least developed part of Italy, still largely rural and agricultural, where much of the populace had been impoverished by centuries of foreign misrule, and an oppressive taxation system imposed after Italian unification in 1861. After unification, the Italian government initially encouraged emigration to relieve economic pressures in the South. After the American Civil War, which resulted in over a half million killed or wounded, immigrant workers were recruited from Italy and elsewhere to fill the labor shortage caused by the war. In the United States, most Italians began their new lives as manual laborers in Eastern cities, mining camps and in agriculture.
The descendants of the Italian immigrants gradually rose from a lower economic class in the first generation to a level comparable to the national average by 1970. The Italian community has often been characterized by strong ties to family, the Roma ...