Belarus: Living on a mass grave in Brest? | Focus on Europe
Residents of Brest, Belarus, are protesting the construction of an apartment block on a mass grave from the Holocaust. The dead were Jews killed in a massacre during the Nazi occupation in World War Two. Now many in Brest want to create a memorial to the victims.
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Memorial Complex Brest Hero-Fortress in Brest, Belarus
Brest Fortress, formerly known as Brest-Litovsk Fortress, is a 19th-century Russian fortress in Brest, Belarus. In 1965, the title Hero Fortress was given to the Fortress to commemorate the defence of the frontier stronghold during the first week of the German-Soviet War, when Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, with the launch of World War II's Operation Barbarossa. The title Hero Fortress corresponds to the title Hero City, that was awarded to an eventual total of twelve Soviet cities.
Brest Fortress, one of the most important places in Belarus, dates back to the 19th century and became a key symbol of Soviet resistance in World War 2
History of Brest Fortress
Brest Fortress was built in the 1830s-early 1840s at the meeting-point of the rivers Bug and Mukhavyets.
During construction, the entire town was relocated to a new position 2km away.
St Nicolas Church was built in 1851-1876. Much of it was severely damaged during World War 2.
The site occupies more than four square km, although many of the outer defences were damaged or destroyed during the wars of the 20th century.
There is a citadel at the centre of the fortress, linked to three artificial island fortifications by bridgeheads:
Kobrin fortification (north-eastern side)
Terespol fortification (western island)
Volyn fortification (south-eastern island)
The fortress was captured by the German army in 1915 and after World War 1 remained within Polish territory. In 1930 it became infamous as a prison in Poland in the aftermath of the Brest Elections.
In 1939 Brest Fortress was assigned to the Soviet Union. It earned the title of Hero Fortress for the courage demonstrated by Soviet soldiers when they fought against the German army in 1941. Whilst the Nazis took the town of Brest – 90% of which was destroyed in the fighting – the two regiments garrisoned inside the fortress held out.
For the people of Belarus, Brest Fortress remains a famous symbol of the Soviet resistance during World war 2.
Brest Fortress today
Brest Fortress is one of the most important places to see in Belarus and by far the largest tourist attraction in Brest.
The fortress was not rebuilt at the end of the war, but instead became a shrine to the terrible and heroic events that took place there.
The entry of the fortress represents a huge star cut into a concrete block. The radio announcer informs about the invasion of the German army.
As you walk up to the centre of the fortress you see Thirst, a large monument depicting an injured soldier trying to get some water from the river. The monument reflects the bravery of the last remaining soldiers who defended the Fortress for many days without food or water.
The main part of the memorial is the Square of Ceremonies, leading to the Museum of the Defence of Brest fortress and the ruins of the White Palace.
The Bayonet Obelisk, 100m high, can be seen from any part of the fortress, and is linked to the main Courage monument by 3 rows of tombstones. Only 216 of the 850 defenders who died here are known.
The Courage monument stands 33.5m high and tells the story of the heroic defence of the fortress through a series of carvings. There is an eternal flame which is guarded by 4 teenagers from the Pioneers Corps.
There is an Eternal Fire in front of the remnants of the former engineering department.
Further in to the Fortress you will find the iconic Kholmsky Gate, with its bullet-riddled walls.
Getting to Brest Fortress and where to stay
Brest Fortress is best reached on foot. It is about a 30-minute walk from the centre of Brest.
Alternatively there is an hourly bus service from the town.
Whilst you are visiting Brest Fortress you can stay in one of the many Brest hotels, which cater for a wide range of tastes and budgets.
Tourist attractions near Brest Fortress
In order to see everything that Brest Fortress has to offer, you really need to dedicate a whole day to your visit. If you stay longer in Brest there are plenty of other things to see including:
• The Museum of the Railway Equipment in Brest
• St Simeon Orthodox Cathedral (16th Century)
• The museum of the Middle Age town Berestye
• Belovezhskaya Pushcha State National Park and Biosphere Reserve
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Belarus: Brest Fortress battle recreated to mark Nazi invasion of Soviet Union
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Numerous World War II reenactors recreated scenes from the defence of Brest Fortress in the Belarusian city on Saturday, to mark the Day of Remembrance and Sorrow on the 78th anniversary of Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union.
The military and historical reenactment, dubbed '22 June. Brest Fortress', featured key episodes of Brest Fortress' defence, a symbol of Soviet resistance against the Nazis.
Members of military-historical clubs from Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and the Czech Republic, among others, reportedly took part in the event.
Prior to the reenactment, a commemorative ceremony took place in the Brest Hero Fortress memorial complex.
The Day of Remembrance and Sorrow is marked in Russia and many other former republics of the USSR on June 22. The defence of Brest Fortress was one of the first sites where the Red Army met German soldiers following the Nazi invasion of Soviet territory.
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Peace In The East - The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk I THE GREAT WAR Week 189
Germany and the Russian Bolshevik Government sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ending hostilities on the Eastern Front. Previously Germany had resumed the war in the East to put pressure on the Bolsheviks to accept the dictated terms. The Western Front Caucasian theatre were far from peaceful though.
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Literature (excerpt):
Gilbert, Martin. The First World War. A Complete History, Holt Paperbacks, 2004.
Hart, Peter. The Great War. A Combat History of the First World War, Oxford University Press, 2013.
Hart, Peter. The Great War. 1914-1918, Profile Books, 2013.
Stone, Norman. World War One. A Short History, Penguin, 2008.
Keegan, John. The First World War, Vintage, 2000.
Hastings, Max. Catastrophe 1914. Europe Goes To War, Knopf, 2013.
Hirschfeld, Gerhard. Enzyklopädie Erster Weltkrieg, Schöningh Paderborn, 2004
Michalka, Wolfgang. Der Erste Weltkrieg. Wirkung, Wahrnehmung, Analyse, Seehamer Verlag GmbH, 2000
Leonhard, Jörn. Die Büchse der Pandora: Geschichte des Ersten Weltkrieges, C.H. Beck, 2014
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Travel Vlog 8 | Belarus | Stalin Line | Minsk
Travel Vlog 8 | Belarus | Stalin Line | Minsk
On May 9 we visited the open air museum Stalin Line. May 9 is a Victory Day commemorates victory in the World War 2.This celebration is very important for me and alsolebration of vie for many people from ex Soviet Union Territory.Importance of Victory Day grow in our genes this celebration for us like a second easter.
If you visiting Belarus it's one of must visit places here.
Belarusians recall the greatest tragedy of the 20th century, start of the Great Patriotic War.
70 years ago fascist Germany breeched the Non-Aggression Pact. The parts of the Red Army were attacked by German troops all along the Western border. Belarus was in the center of fights. The group of armies Center was marching through our territory. It was supported by 2,000 fight planes. Soldiers and officers of Brest Fortress were the first to resist the enemy. The fierce battles lasted 1418 days and nights. The Great Patriotic War took the live of every 3rd Belarusian. Millions of our fellow-countrymen stayed on battlefields, died from hunger and starvation in the rear, were tortured in the concentration camps. That was a price of Victory for Belarus. All people in Belarus give homage to those, who were fighting the enemy during those terrible years.
SONDERGHETTO
«SONDERGHETTO»
At the end of 1941, an unusual district appeared on the territory of the Minsk Ghetto that was one of the
largest ghettos in Europe. The “old-timers” of the Minsk Ghetto called the district “Hamburg’s district”,
because the first train with German Jews arrived on the Belarusian territory from Hamburg. Jews were
assured: “You are going to live on the new territories”. The “displaced residents” even paid for the
transit...
Trains with the “displaced residents” arrived in Minsk from Hamburg, Dusseldorf, Koenigsberg, Berlin,
Frankfurt... and then from Austria and the Czech Republic till the middle of 1942.
However, it was not necessary for the deported Jews to live on the new territories: the Jews were sent
away from the city and murdered in the death camp “Trostenez” that was situated just within a few
kilometers of Minsk. Some trains with the deported Jews drove straight to the death camp, without
stopping in the city.
According to some reports, 7 transports with Jews from Germany (6,428 people), 11 transports from Austria (10,476 people) and 7 transports from the Czech Republic (7,000 people) were sent to the Minsk
region in 1941-1942. 23,904 people were deported in 25 transports. Almost every Jew was murdered!
Some historians suppose that there were “displaced residents” from Poland, Hungary and France...
The documental film “Sonderghetto” is about this little-known chapter of the Holocaust, the Names and tragic destiny of the murdered Jews. It is also about the daily life in “Sonderghetto” and the relations
between “Hamburg’s district” and “Minsk’s district” Jews...
It is planned to shoot the film in those cities of Germany, the Czech Republic and Austria, from where
Jews were sent away by Nazis. In this regard the materials from the local museums will be used, the
interviews with historians and family members of the Holocaust victims will be prepared and the sites of
memory will be screened.
In the middle of the film there are stories of three children, who were saved from deportation. Edna Magder, Kurt Marx and Michael Rozenberg will tell us about their losses and their rescue.
Holocaust Victims' Remains Buried In Belarus
Remains of more than 1,000 Holocaust victims were laid to rest in a solemn ceremony in the city of Brest in Belarus. The remains, discovered in a construction site in January, were buried in coffins covered with the Star of David on May 22.
Originally published at -
Liberation of Belarus
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Visiting the historical region of Bukovina in both Romania & Ukraine | Travel Vlog: Bucovina
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Nazis burn villages in Belarus
Nazis burn villages in Belarus
Belarus | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:05:23 1 Etymology
00:10:47 2 History
00:10:56 2.1 Early history
00:12:10 2.2 Principality of Polotsk
00:12:46 2.3 Grand Duchy of Lithuania
00:14:57 2.4 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
00:17:22 2.5 Russian Empire
00:19:44 2.6 Belarusian People's Republic
00:20:43 2.7 Republic of Central Lithuania
00:22:21 2.8 Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
00:27:24 2.9 Independence
00:28:46 2.10 Post-independence
00:30:25 3 Geography and climate
00:34:07 4 Governance
00:37:30 4.1 Election controversies
00:39:51 4.2 Corruption
00:40:35 4.3 Human rights
00:42:38 4.4 Foreign relations
00:47:17 4.5 Military
00:49:15 4.6 Administrative divisions
00:51:10 4.7 Capital punishment
00:51:39 5 Economy
00:51:48 5.1 Industry
00:57:33 6 Demographics
00:58:47 6.1 Languages
01:01:44 6.2 Religion
01:02:28 7 Culture
01:04:37 7.1 Arts and literature
01:04:46 7.2 Dress
01:09:57 7.3 Cuisine
01:10:47 7.4 Sport
01:11:33 7.5 Telecommunications
01:14:17 7.6 World Heritage Sites
01:15:00 8 See also
01:15:27 9 References
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SUMMARY
=======
Belarus (; Belarusian: Беларусь, IPA: [bʲɛlaˈrusʲ]), officially the Republic of Belarus (Belarusian: Рэспубліка Беларусь, Russian: Республика Беларусь), formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia (Russian: Белоруссия), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres (80,200 sq mi) is forested. Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.
In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution, Belarus declared independence as the Belarusian People's Republic, which was conquered by Soviet Russia. The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922 and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (Byelorussian SSR). Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921. Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939, when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland, and were finalized after World War II. During WWII, military operations devastated Belarus, which lost about a third of its population and more than half of its economic resources. The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years. In 1945 the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations, along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR.The parliament of the republic proclaimed the sovereignty of Belarus on 27 July 1990, and during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Belarus declared independence on 25 August 1991. Alexander Lukashenko has served as the country's first president since 1994. Belarus has been labeled Europe's last dictatorship by some Western journalists, on account of Lukashenko's self-described authoritarian style of government. Lukashenko continued a number of Soviet-era policies, such as state ownership of large sections of the economy. Elections under Lukashenko's rule have been widely criticized as unfair; and according to many countries and organizations, political opposition has been violently suppressed. Belarus is also the last country in Europe using the death penalty. Belarus's Democracy Index rating is the lowest in Europe, the country is labelled as no ...
Брест. Архитектура. Brest. Architecture
МОИ ПУТЕШЕСТВИЯ. MY TRAVELS.
Картографические данные: Google, DigitalGlobe
Map data : Google, DigitalGlobe
Брест (Беларусь). Архитектура.
Brest (Belarus). Architecture
________________________________________________________________
Видео создано из моих авторских фотографий во время поездки в Брест
Субтитры к данному видео опубликованы по материалам статьи из Википедии.
Лицензия: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
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Subtitles for this video posted on the article from Wikipedia.
License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
Link:
________________________________________________________________
СПРАВКА: REFERENCE:
Брест (белор. Брэст, укр. Берестя, польск. Brześć) — город на юго-западе Белоруссии, административный центр Брестской области и Брестского района.
Территория города — 146,12 км². На 1 января 2016 года население города составило 340 141 человек.
Расположен в юго-западной части области, при впадении реки Мухавец в Западный Буг, у государственной границы с Польшей. Крупный железнодорожный узел, речной порт на Мухавце, важный узел автодорог.
Брест — город с богатой и древней историей. Впервые он упомянут в Новгородской Первой летописи под 1017 годом: «Ярославъ иде къ Берестию». По году первого упоминания, Брест — пятый город на территории нынешней Республики Беларусь, раньше упомянуты только Полоцк (862), Витебск (974), Туров (980) и Волковыск (1005). За свою историю город не раз разрушался и менял свою государственную принадлежность; сейчас находится на самом стыке территорий Европейского союза и Евразийского экономического союза.
14 сентября 1939 года в ходе вторжения в Польшу немецкий 19-й моторизованный корпус атаковал город и занял его; утром 17 сентября немцами была занята и крепость. 22 сентября Брест передан 29-й танковой бригаде Красной армии во время импровизированного парада, и вошёл в состав СССР как центр новообразованной Брестской области БССР] в соответствии с Договором о ненападении между Германией и Советским Союзом, известным также как «Пакт Молотова — Риббентропа»). По реке Западный Буг пролегла советско-германская демаркационная линия.
22 июня 1941 года, в начале Великой Отечественной войны, город и крепость одними из первых подверглись атаке германских войск. Оборона Брестской крепости, в которой в момент атаки находилось около 6—7 тысяч советских воинов, а также члены семей командиров, стала символом стойкости, мужества и воинской доблести. Вместо нескольких часов, отводимых немецким командованием на овладение крепостью, 45-й дивизии вермахта пришлось, неся значительные потери, воевать здесь полную неделю, а отдельные очаги сопротивления просуществовали в течение месяца.
Впоследствии двум участникам героической обороны — лейтенанту А. М. Кижеватову (посмертно) и майору П. М. Гаврилову были присвоены звания Героев Советского Союза, многие другие из легендарного гарнизона были отмечены орденами и медалями.
Оккупационными властями Брест был включён в состав рейхскомиссариата Украина. За годы немецкой оккупации было уничтожено около 40 000 жителей города. Экономика Бреста фактически перестала существовать.
Евреи Бреста были согнаны в организованное нацистами Брестское гетто и практически полностью уничтожены.
28 июля 1944 года в ходе Люблин-Брестской операции город был освобождён войсками 1-го Белорусского фронта. В честь этого события названа одна из улиц города (ул. 28 Июля). Также 28 июля отмечается День города.
По результатам Ялтинской конференции, прошедшей в феврале 1945 года, Брест оказался на территории, включённой в состав БССР.
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BELARUS: MINSK: 14TH ANNIVERSARY OF CHERNOBYL DISASTER
English/Nat
Tens of thousands of Belarussians took to the streets of Minsk on Wednesday to mark the 14th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster.
But the march through downtown Minsk quickly turned into a show of protest against President Alexander Lukashenko and his government.
It's now 14 years since the Chernobyl disaster that badly hit the republic leaving many of its citizens with diseases caused by radiation and its territory contaminated.
A march sanctioned by the Belarussian authorities to mark the tragedy quickly became a focus for the country's opposition movement.
Marchers held posters decrying President Lukashenko and his policies, in particular his proposed union with Russia.
SOUNDBITE: (English)
We think about the survival of our nation in the next century. At the same time, this day is the part of the protest campaign Spring 2000, the protest campaign against the Lukashenko's regime and for our independence.
SUPER CAPTION: Vyntsuk Vatchery, Belarussian People's Front's leader
Lukashenko is often accused by his critics in Belarus and abroad for his authoritarian style as well as his anti-Western policies.
Often the opposition demonstrations in Minsk turn into scuffles with police.
During the last such rally, on March 25th dozens of protesters and media reporters were detained and taken to a local interior troops' base for interrogation.
However, Wednesday's march went without major incidents with rally organisers repeatedly calling on their supporters to show restraint.
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Презентационный ролик проекта Брест-2019
Создан в 2014 г.
Ролик является визуальным отображением Концепции сохранения и развития Брестской крепости, разработанным командой белорусских и иностранных профессионалов под руководством ведущего эксперта в области музейного проектирования Дитера Богнера.
Стратегия развития предложена к внедрению в 2013 году.
Статус: проект не утвержден и находится на рассмотрении.
© Местный благотворительный фонд Фонд развития Брестской крепости
Презентационный ролик был представлен на нескольких культурных площадках Беларуси и России, в том числе на II Национальном форуме Музеи Беларуси в г. Гомеле, на I Московском международном форуме «Культура. Взгляд в будущее», организованным Департаментом культуры г. Москвы, а также на Минском фестивале урбанистики.
Investigating the Holocaust Part 3: Lebensraum – Nazi Germany Annexes Austria
The Nazis used the nationalist concept of Lebensraum, or living space, to justify German expansion in Europe. Hitler’s goals included uniting ethnic Germans in Central Europe and providing new territories for colonization and exploitation, especially in Eastern Europe. Hitler first set his sights on neighboring Austria. Through coercion and force, he bullied the Austrian government into submission. In March 1938, Germany invaded Austria to complete the Anschluss, or joining, of the two nations. Austria ceased to exist as an independent country.
The FDR Presidential Library and Museum has released “Investigating the Holocaust,” curriculum material for teaching about the Holocaust and Nazi aggression during World War II. This guide is free to all teachers and anyone looking for educational tools about World War II and the Holocaust. The guide can be found at
“Investigating the Holocaust” is a series of short videos derived from “Nuremberg: Its Lesson for Today,” a powerful, feature-length documentary restoring and reprising a 1946 Stuart Schulberg/Pare Lorentz production titled, “Nurnberg.” These videos feature original film footage used as evidence by the International Military Tribunal at the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg, Germany--the most famous courtroom drama in modern times, and the first to make extensive use of film as evidence.
“Investigating the Holocaust” is part of the Henry Morgenthau Jr. Holocaust Collections Project, a pathfinding initiative to discover and share unique but dispersed Holocaust subject material across the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library’s archival holdings. The Pare Lorentz Center at the FDR Library, with generous funding from the New York Community Trust, created this video series. Special thanks to Sandra Schulberg for permission to use her fully restored documentary. To learn more, visit our website:
National Archives ID 2524662
Designing Destruction: The Holocaust in the German-Occupied Former Soviet Territory
When did the Nazis make a definitive decision to exterminate the Jews of Europe? Joshua Rubenstein, associate at Harvard's Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian studies, describes the gradual evolution of Hitler's master plan for the Jews of Europe and how this unfolded within German-occupied Soviet territory. Learn more:
MOGILEV. BELARUS / Могилёв. Беларусь
В мае посетила город в стране Беларусь - Могилёв.
Курс белорусского рубля 1= 32р.рос
OUR OWN (Svoi, 2004) Russian movie about World War II with English subtitles
It is August 1941. With the battle line far away in the east, three servicemen who have managed to escape from captivity find it difficult to hide: the territory is occupied by the enemy. The local woods are not safe: you can easily get embogged. Are the villagers loyal? Nobody can say. There is an old man who offers to help them. Is he reliable enough? He may kill them or report them to the local German authorities. Anything may happen, but one of them, the sniper, is his son who is his youngest, his dearest. (c) IMDB
Directed by Dmitry Meskhiev
Starring:
Sergey Garmash as Checkist
Konstantin Khabensky as Comissar Livshits
Bogdan Stupka as Village chief
Fyodor Bondarchuk as Polizei chief
Anna Mikhalkova as Katerina
Natalya Surkova as Anna
Mikhail Evlanov as Mitka
Golden George Award for Best Film at the 26th Moscow International Film Festival in June 2004.
Music by Svyatoslav Kurashov and Sergey Starostin.
For WOT fans: Pz-IV and Pz 38(t) are genuine. Pz 38(t) is now an exhibit at the Kubinka tank museum.
I'd like to dedicate this to the memory of Bogdan Stupka (27.08.1941— 22.07.2012) a great Soviet and Ukrainian actor. He played the old man in this movie.
Disclaimer:
I am the author of the subtitles. I'm not a professional translator, but I tried to do my best to make this.
If you liked the translation you can donate to my Paypal account
rusmovieswithsubs@gmail.com
(full Russian film with English subtitles about World War II)