California Gold Rush | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
California Gold Rush
00:03:06 1 History
00:04:04 1.1 Discovery announced
00:05:39 1.2 Transportation to California
00:06:41 1.3 Supplies and goods needed
00:07:14 1.4 Northern California strikes
00:08:38 1.5 Indigenous driven out
00:09:53 1.6 Earlier discoveries of gold
00:11:09 2 Forty-niners
00:17:03 2.1 Homosexuality in San Francisco
00:17:34 3 Legal rights
00:20:08 4 Development of gold-recovery techniques
00:24:03 5 Profits
00:26:20 5.1 Path of the gold
00:27:53 6 Near-term effects
00:28:31 6.1 Development of government and commerce
00:30:24 6.2 Impact on Native Americans
00:34:35 6.3 World-wide economic stimulation
00:36:00 7 Longer-term effects
00:38:34 8 Cultural references
00:38:57 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. The sudden influx of gold into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy, and the sudden population increase allowed California to go rapidly to statehood, in the Compromise of 1850. The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and resulted in a precipitous population decline from disease, genocide and starvation. By the time it ended, California had gone from a thinly populated ex-Mexican territory, to having one of its first two U.S. Senators, John C. Frémont, selected to be the first presidential nominee for the new Republican Party, in 1856.
The effects of the Gold Rush were substantial. Whole indigenous societies were attacked and pushed off their lands by the gold-seekers, called forty-niners (referring to 1849, the peak year for Gold Rush immigration). Outside of California, the first to arrive were from Oregon, the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), and Latin America in late 1848. Of the approximately 300,000 people who came to California during the Gold Rush, about half arrived by sea and half came overland on the California Trail and the Gila River trail; forty-niners often faced substantial hardships on the trip. While most of the newly arrived were Americans, the gold rush attracted thousands from Latin America, Europe, Australia, and China. Agriculture and ranching expanded throughout the state to meet the needs of the settlers. San Francisco grew from a small settlement of about 200 residents in 1846 to a boomtown of about 36,000 by 1852. Roads, churches, schools and other towns were built throughout California. In 1849 a state constitution was written. The new constitution was adopted by referendum vote, and the future state's interim first governor and legislature were chosen. In September 1850, California became a state.
At the beginning of the Gold Rush, there was no law regarding property rights in the goldfields and a system of staking claims was developed. Prospectors retrieved the gold from streams and riverbeds using simple techniques, such as panning. Although the mining caused environmental harm, more sophisticated methods of gold recovery were developed and later adopted around the world. New methods of transportation developed as steamships came into regular service. By 1869, railroads were built from California to the eastern United States. At its peak, technological advances reached a point where significant financing was required, increasing the proportion of gold companies to individual miners. Gold worth tens of billions of today's US dollars was recovered, which led to great wealth for a few, though many who participated in the California Gold Rush earned little more than they had started with.
Sacramento, California | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sacramento, California
00:02:46 1 History
00:02:55 1.1 Pre-Columbian period
00:03:29 1.2 Spanish period
00:04:23 1.3 Mexican period
00:05:39 1.4 American period
00:11:05 1.5 Modern era
00:15:22 2 Geography
00:16:37 2.1 Cityscape
00:16:45 2.1.1 City neighborhoods
00:19:29 2.2 Climate
00:23:44 3 Demographics
00:24:22 3.1 2010
00:29:51 3.2 2000
00:32:48 4 Economy
00:34:00 4.1 Top employers
00:34:13 5 Culture
00:34:22 5.1 Performing arts
00:36:46 5.2 Visual arts
00:37:33 5.3 Museums
00:39:59 5.4 Music
00:41:35 5.5 Film
00:42:38 5.6 Cuisine
00:44:35 5.7 LGBTQ
00:45:22 5.8 Old Sacramento
00:46:57 5.9 Chinatown
00:49:13 6 Sports
00:51:36 7 Parks and recreation
00:54:26 8 Government
00:55:44 8.1 State and Federal representation
00:56:22 9 Education
00:56:31 9.1 Higher education
01:01:33 9.2 Primary & secondary education
01:04:26 10 Media
01:04:35 10.1 Magazines
01:04:52 10.2 Newspapers
01:06:12 10.3 Radio
01:06:20 10.4 Television stations
01:06:29 11 Transportation
01:06:47 11.1 Roads and highways
01:08:44 11.2 Rail service
01:11:07 11.3 Airport
01:12:02 11.4 Other transportation options
01:14:36 12 Notable residents
01:14:45 13 Sister cities
01:15:01 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Sacramento ( SAK-rə-MEN-toh; Spanish: [sakɾaˈmento]) is the capital city of the U.S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County. Located at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in Northern California's Sacramento Valley, Sacramento's estimated 2018 population of 501,334 makes it the sixth-largest city in California and the 9th largest capital in the United States. Sacramento is the seat of the California Assembly, the Governor of California, and Supreme Court of California, making it the state's political center and a hub for lobbying and think tanks. Sacramento is also the cultural and economic core of the Sacramento metropolitan area, which had 2010 population of 2,414,783, making it the fifth largest in California.Sacramento is the fastest-growing major city in California, owing to its status as notable financial center on the West Coast and as a major educational hub, home of Sacramento State University and University of California, Davis. Similarly, Sacramento is a major center for the California healthcare industry, as the seat of Sutter Health, the world-renowned UC Davis Medical Center, and the UC Davis School of Medicine, and notable tourist destination in California, as the site of The California Museum, the Crocker Art Museum, California Hall of Fame, the California State Capitol Museum, and the Old Sacramento State Historic Park. Sacramento is known for its evolving contemporary culture, dubbed the most hipster city in California. In 2002, the Harvard University Civil Rights Project conducted for Time magazine named Sacramento America's Most Diverse City.Before the arrival of the Spanish, the area was inhabited by the Nisenan people indigenous peoples of California. Spanish cavalryman Gabriel Moraga named surveyed and named the Rio del Santísimo Sacramento (Sacramento River) in 1808, after the Blessed Sacrament, referring to the Eucharist in the Catholic Church. In 1839, Juan Bautista Alvarado, Mexican governor of Alta California granted the responsibility of colonizing the Sacramento Valley to Swiss-born, Mexican citizen John Augustus Sutter, who subsequently established Sutter's Fort and the settlement at the Rancho Nueva Helvetia. Following the American Conquest of California and the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, the waterfront developed by Sutter began to be developed and incorporated in 1850 as the City of Sacramento. As a result of the California Gold Rush, Sacramento became a major commercial center and distribution point for Northern California, serving as the terminus for the Pony Express and the First Transcontinental Railroad.