Freight trains crossing the International Bridge - built by Casimir Gzowski
A typical day at the Fort Erie end of the International Bridge, as trains hauling mixed cargo, from boxcars, flatcars, enclosed vehicle carriers, tankers and hoppers enter the bridge. Several trains, with at least a hundred cars, came by, waiting for the train before them to complete the crossing.
Commissioned by the Grand Trunk railway, the International Bridge crosses the Niagara River between Canada and the United States, between Buffalo and Fort Erie.
The village where the bridge landed on the Canadian side was first known as Victoria; it later became Bridgeburg, then later part of Fort Erie. On the US side, the bridge landed at Squaw Island / Black Rock harbour, from which a short connection was built to the New York Central mainline at Buffalo.
On the Canadian side, a 3.5 mile track was built to connect with the Buffalo and Lake Huron Railway mainline. (the B and LH had been merged into the Grand Trunk in 1870) Other lines, such as the Canada Southern line (CASO) were also newly-built to reach the new bridge. An Apr.20,1872 railway industry publication described the Canada Southern route (whose tracks were being laid during the summer of 1872) as the straightest and most level road in America!! The CASO line ran from this bridge, through southern Ontario's farm country, to Amherstburg, Ontario.
This bridge also connected with the newly-built Canada Air Line track (owned by the Great Western Railway company)
First chartered in 1857, the actual construction of the bridge did not begin until1870 (until after the Civil War), officially opening on Nov.3, 1873. The bridge superstructure is of a Pratt truss design, forged at the Phoenixville Iron Works in Pennsylvania, and is mostly built of wrought - not cast - iron.
Over its main Niagara River section, this was a single-track bridge, widening over Squaw Island; and until 1900, it also had a pedestrian walkway.
This railroad bridge also incorporated two separate steam-powered swing-bridge sections within its length, to allow for boat traffic to pass.
One section was designed to pivot out in the main course of the Niagara River, creating two 160-ft.-wide openings on either side of the pivot pier for boat navigation.
A second section was designed to open over the Erie Canal, creating two 90-ft.-wide openings on either side of the pivot pier for boat navigation.
(The portion of the Erie Canal from Buffalo to Tonawanda ran along the east-bank of the Niagara River, so that the east-side of the canal was actually also the east-bank of the Niagara River. The 'west-bank' of the Erie Canal was in fact a man-made break-wall, separating the canal from the main river course.)
The total length of the bridge is 3,651.5 ft. comprising of: the distance from the Canadian abutment to the US abutment on the west-side of Squaw Island - 1,967.5 ft.; the distance between the west-side and east-side abutments on Squaw Island itself - 1,167 ft.; and the distance from the east-side abutment on Squaw Island over the Black Rock channel to the American mainland - another 517 ft.
The chief bridge contactor and engineer was the famed Casimir S. Gzowski - a memorial plaque dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the bridge opening is seen at 09:25.
Among his many other accomplishments, Sir Gzowski (he was knighted in 1890) was also the first chairman of the Niagara Parks Commission, serving from 1885 to 1893.