Hamburg Under Fire 1945
Battle of Hamburg
The Battle of Hamburg, codenamed Operation Gomorrah, was a campaign of air raids beginning 24 July 1943 for 8 days and 7 nights. It was at the time the heaviest assault in the history of aerial warfare and was later called the Hiroshima of Germany by British officials.
The Battle of Hamburg overlapped the Battle of the Ruhr which ended on 31 July.[citation needed] The operation was conducted by RAF Bomber Command (including RCAF Squadrons) and the USAAF Eighth Air Force. The British conducted the night raids and the USAAF conducted the daylight raids.
On 24 July, at approximately 00:57, the first bombing started by the RAF and lasted almost an hour. A second daylight raid by US Army Air Force was conducted at 4:40PM. A third raid was conducted on the morning of the 26th. The night attack of 26 July at 00:20AM was extremely light due to a severe thunderstorm and high winds over the North Sea during which a considerable number of bombers jettisoned the explosive part of their bomb loads (retaining just the incendiaries) with only two bomb drops reported. That attack is often not counted when the total number of Operation Gomorrah attacks is given. There was no day raid on the 27th.
On the night of 27 July, shortly before midnight, 739 aircraft attacked Hamburg. The unusually dry and warm weather, the concentration of the bombing in one area, and firefighting limitations due to Blockbuster bombs used in the early part of the raid culminated in the so-called Feuersturm (firestorm). The tornadic fire created a huge inferno with winds of up to 240 km/h (150 mph) reaching temperatures of 800 °C (1,500 °F) and altitudes in excess of 1,000 feet, incinerating more than eight square miles (21 km²) of the city. Asphalt streets burst into flame, and fuel oil from damaged and destroyed ships, barges, and storage tanks spilled into the waters of the canals and the harbor caused it to ignite as well. The majority of deaths attributed to Operation 'Gomorrah' occurred on this night. A large number of those killed died seeking safety in bomb shelters and cellars, the firestorm consuming all available oxygen in the burning city above. The furious winds created by the firestorm had the power to sweep people up off the streets like dry leaves:
Some people who tried to walk along, they were pulled in by the fire, they all of the sudden disappeared right in front of you (...) You have to save yourself or try go get as far away from the fire, because the draught pulls you in.
On the night of 29 July, Hamburg was again attacked by over 700 aircraft. The last raid of Operation Gomorrah was conducted on 3 August.
Operation Gomorrah killed 42,600 people and left 37,000 wounded. Some one million German civilians fled the city. The city's labour force was reduced permanently by ten percent. Approximately 3,000 aircraft were deployed, 9,000 tons of bombs were dropped, and over 250,000 homes and houses were destroyed. No subsequent city raid shook Germany as did that on Hamburg; documents show that German officials were thoroughly alarmed, and there is some indication from later Allied interrogations of Nazi officials that Hitler stated that further raids of similar weight would force Germany out of the war. The industrial losses were severe. Hamburg never recovered to full production, only doing so in essential armaments industries (which a maximum effort was made).Figures given by German sources indicate, 183 large factories were destroyed out of 524 in the city, 4,118 smaller factories out of 9,068 were destroyed. Other losses included 580 industrial concerns and armaments works, 299 of which were important enough to be listed by name, were either destroyed or damaged. Local transport systems were completely disrupted and did not return to normal for some time. Dwellings destroyed amounted to 214,350 destroyed out of 414,500.[8] Hamburg was hit by air raids another 69 times before the end of World War II.
WW1 bunker-museum
This is the 7th fort 6 th fort and other beach bunkers.they are located in kaunas (kowno) lithuania.really great place.don't forget to visit it.
Firebombing still fresh in survivor's mind
In February, 1945, Soviet troops were pressing into Germany from the east and the other Allies from the west, but for Eberhard Renner, then a 12-year-old Dresden schoolboy, the war seemed far away.
The Saxony capital had been spared much of the destruction suffered by many other German cities like Berlin and Hamburg, and he remembers a naive hope that Dresden would remain off the list of targets with the war so obviously close to an end.
Even as the air-raid sirens started screaming on the night of 13 February, 70 years ago, and residents heard the hum of the propellers of hundreds of approaching planes, Renner remembers his father dismissing the attack as another reconnaissance mission.
Even as the family headed down into the makeshift air raid shelter in his building's basement there was hope it wouldn't be a raid.
Then a bomb fell into Renner's garden, blowing the thick oak door off the shelter, slamming him and his mother to the ground, luckily unharmed.
They remained in the shelter until someone yelled the roof was on fire, then ventured out into the streets as the bombs rained down, and staggered into the park in the city centre, Grosser Garten.
There he saw his first dead body, the first of many he would see after that night.
Adding to the devastation caused by the bombs dropped by the waves of Allied bombers, the fire superheated the air, which rose rapidly, creating a vacuum at ground level that produced winds strong enough to uproot trees and suck people into the flames.
Many others died of collapsed lungs.
But Renner's family made it safely to the home of one of his father's patients (his father was a dentist), and were able to stay the night and regroup.
After that they moved in with an uncle.
The retired architecture professor, today 82-years-old, still remembers walking through the city eight days after the attack.
Bodies still littered the streets and he stumbled across the corpse of a woman.
The Allies' decision to firebomb the refugee-choked city, immortalised in Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse Five, has long been a source of controversy.
At the time, the Allies hoped the bombing would hurt the Nazis where they would feel it most, and help force their capitulation.
By the time it was over, tens of thousands of Dresden's buildings had been turned to rubble, including its famous opera house, a number of museums and much of the historic old city.
The baroque Church of Our Lady appeared initially to have survived, but weakened by the intense heat, it collapsed on 15 February under its own weight.
Nazi propaganda from 1945 put the death toll at 200-thousand and after the war some scholars estimated as many as 135-thousand were killed, more than the combined total of those who died in the initial nuclear blasts in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
After neo-Nazis began inflating the Dresden figure further, talking of 500-thousand to one million victims of a bombing Holocaust, the city established an expert commission to investigate, which concluded in 2008 that closer to 25-thousand people were killed in the attack.
Whatever the number, for Renner they were friends, schoolmates and neighbours.
Even if the Allies thought it would shorten the war, he said he considers it unjustifiable, and a war crime.
On Friday Dresden remembers the victims of the bombing of Dresden with a church service at the city's famous Church of Our Lady.
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London Underground as AIR RAID Shelters During the BLITZ in Wartime London.
The London deep-level Air Raid shelters are eight deep-level air-raid shelters that were built under London Underground stations during the Blitz in World War II.
The stations were also used for shelter during World War I. According to police at the time, 300,000 Londoners took shelter in underground stations.
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Atlantic Wall Museum, Battery Todt 2010
IKS Production 2010
This is a great place to visit, I would love to go back one day.
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Germany's Hamburg and the Luther Trail
Rick Steves' Europe Travel Guide | Check your local public television station for this Rick Steves’ Europe episode or watch it on Hamburg, Germany’s mighty port city, has a gleaming skyline and a brisk creative energy. From there, we'll visit the Reformation sights of Erfurt and Wittenberg, and finish in wine-loving Würzburg.
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Walkthrough WW2 Anti Aircraft Flak Tower in Hamburg, Germany.
2016 Walkthrough WW2 Anti Aircraft Flak Tower Air Raid Bunker in Hamburg, Germany. Flakturm IV. Tower now used as a commercial/Retail building.
exploring WW2 Nazi Air raid shelters - Ein alter Luftschutzstollen - Lost Places #004
Heute erkunden wir einen alten Stollen in der Nähe von Wien. Vermutlich ein Luftschutzstollen aus dem 2 Weltkrieg.
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Your Anderson Shelter This Winter (1940)
Full title reads: YOUR ANDERSON SHELTER THIS WINTER.
Close up shot of a cartoon showing 'wailing winnie' - the air raid siren. A family silhouetted against light walking to their shelter. The family is seen sitting in shelter wearing overcoats and obviously feeling cold.
Close up shot of a leaflet 'Your Anderson Shelter This Winter'.
Various shots of the family making their shelter warm and more comfortable following the instructions as stated in the leaflet.
Various shots of the family waking up in their shelter after a night. Family members get ready and leave for work - the man, father, stays in bed.
(Mute & Track Negs.)
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World War II: The Blitz on Dresden - Full Documentary
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A one hour film portraying the thousand bomber raids on the German City of Dresden, including first hand accounts from the people of the city, describing the scene and the devastation as the city was pounded from the air by the Royal Air Force.
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HITLERS TERRIBLE TOWER - Giant World War 2 Anti Aircraft Flak Tower
World War 2 was a dark time for the planet. Racism was rampant, and people were being killed. This tower is one of the 8 complexes that Hitler had constructed to help protect major cities against and allied air attack during world war two. The Flakturms were extremely effective. Watch as I fly my drone around the towers and you can see all of its history in 4K.
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World War II: The Blitz on Cologne - Full Documentary
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This documentary is a dedicated yet moving account of Operation Millennium, the first 1,000 bomber raid by the RAF in World War Two. It was an extraordinary feat of organization involving 1,048 bombers and 6,000 aircrew and 53 British airfields.
The result; an awesome and unprecedented bombing raid which ultimately reduced the population of Cologne by ninety-five percent.
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Captured German WW2 Film: Germans Evacuate Berlin; Allied Air Raid
Captured German WW2 Film: Germans Evacuate Berlin; Allied Air Raid
United States Naval Photographic Center film # 4185. National Archives description 1) MS Civilians at bread line, eat on street, women work with food.2) MS-SCU Men & children loaded at shore, evacuation of others at pier.3) MS-SCU Children in cribs in hospital, radio operator.4) LS Searchlight, night action, guns fire, planes shot down.5) SCU-MS Wreckage of planes, airmen, officers at desk.6) MS Trucks on street, civilians move furniture-SV.7) MS Civilians in train, train pulls out, children eat in center.8) MS Officers in room: Goering, Kesselring & others.9) GV Ger. guard changed-SV. National Archives Identifier: 76986
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Golden Bunker - www.pastfinder.de
Inside a German air raid bunker (Winkel Tower). Designed bombproof in 1936 by engineer Leo Winkel. Only one of these bunkers was destroyed by a direct hit during WW2. Read more about it in the PastFinder Düsseldorf. - FOLLOW ME! pastfinder.de
The Mighty Eighth - Exclusive Teaser Footage (HD) JoBlo.com
- The Mighty Eighth - Exclusive Teaser Footage (HD) JoBlo.com
Just in time for Veteran's Day, we have a really cool exclusive for you, which comes in the form of a sneak peek at teaser footage/concept trailer for THE MIGHTY EIGHTH, a WWII epic that focuses on the B17 air crews piloting through the onslaught of the Luftwaffe. The footage was put together by Hydraulx, the special effects company formed by Greg & Colin Strause (SKYLINE, TAKE SHELTER). The film has yet to be shot with the script out to cast and making its debut at AFM, so this is a unique peek at not only the proposed film, but how it's being sold in the early stages. It's a very cool teaser, regardless, and one that shows a mountain of potential for the project.
Plot: Five miles above the earth and deep behind enemy lines, eleven men inside a bomber known as the Flying Fortress fight for their lives against swarms of enemy German fighters. As American bombers are picked off one by one, their mission becomes very clear: survive.
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH was written by Kurt Johnstad (300, 300: RISE OF AN EMPIRE, ACT OF VALOR) and is produced by David Hoberman (THE FIGHTER, THE PROPOSAL), Todd Lieberman (THE FIGHTER, THE PROPOSAL) and Greg & Colin Strause, with director Rick Jacobson (BITCH SLAP, Starz Spartacus: War of the Damned) taking the helm.
The Stockport Air Raid Shelters
The Stockport Air Raid Shelters are a system of almost 1 mile of underground air-raid shelters dug under Stockport, six miles south of Manchester, during World War II to protect local inhabitants during air raids.
Four sets of underground air raid shelter tunnels for civilian use were dug into the red sandstone rock below the town centre. Preparation started in September 1938 and the first set of shelters was opened on 28 October 1939. (Stockport was not bombed until 11 October 1940.) The smallest of the tunnel shelters could accommodate 2,000 people and the largest 3,850 (subsequently expanded to take up to 6,500 people.)
The largest of the Stockport Air Raid Shelters are open to the public as part of the town's museum service.
Black Saturday; the bombing of London's docks in WWII.
A short documentary about the devastating bombing of London's docks in the Second World War, made for the Museum in Docklands. Produced and directed by Mark Whatmore. Script by Richard Taylor. Sound mix by Ben Baird of Aquarium Studios. Narration by Zoe Wanamaker.
Duration: 6'19
Malta's Hand-Hewn Bomb Shelter Tunnels
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During World War Two, the Grand Harbor in Malta was the most-bombed place in the world, under aerial bombardment for two full years because of its position as a central Mediterranean base for British air and sea forces. While these attacks were focused on the harbor facilities, most of the island's population lived right in the same area, and civilian casualties during the war were substantial. In an effort to safeguard the population, a vast number of underground bomb shelter tunnels were dug.
The island of Malta is mostly relatively soft limestone, and the Maltese are quite experienced in working it, after millenia of quarrying limestone to build structures and digging it out to make cisterns and wells. This allowed an otherwise enormous project to be successful - using mostly hand tools, enough shelters were dug to safely house the entire at-risk population. Many of these shelters and shelter complexes are open to the public today, including the system under the Malta At War Museum, which we are visiting today...
I am grateful for the Malta Tourism Authority's assistance in helping to make this visit and video possible!
If you enjoy Forgotten Weapons, check out its sister channel, InRangeTV!
EP 12: WE FOUND AN OLD NAZI BUNKER! | WWII U-BOAT FACTORY
Hope you enjoyed today's video! We found an old Nazi Bunker and took you with. The morning of this video we didn't even know this existed. It was about an hour from where we were staying in a suburb of Bremen, Germany. The building of this nazi submarine base unfortunately caused the death of many people. There were multiple concentrations camps in the surrounding area that were home to many of the slave laborers who built this nazi submarine base. We learned so much about WWII while visiting and filming this travel vlog, and we hope that we were able to share some new knowledge with you as well.
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Hochbunker Wendenstraße 339 in Hamburg Germany Luftschutzbunker
Seltener Einblick in einem Luftschutzbunker in Hamburg, der im 2 Weltkrieg gebaut und später für den Zivilschutz umgebaut wurde. Da der kalte Krieg vorüber ist und der Bunker im Atomkrieg ohnehin das Sterben nur um wenige Tage verzögert hätte, wurde dieser Zivilschutzbunker aufgegeben. Im Bunker wird Angst und Beklemmung ausgelöst, hier hätte wohl keiner Lust gehabt sich länger drin aufzuhalten. Die Aufnahmen entstanden nachdem die Sitze, Liegen und das meiste Überlebensinventar bereits rausgeholt wurden. Die fünf Sandfilteranlagen sind aber noch vorhanden und funktionsfähig.