Central Park of Culture and Rest

Best Attractions and Places to See in Karaganda, Kazakhstan

Karaganda Travel Guide. MUST WATCH. Top things you have to do in Karaganda . We have sorted Tourist Attractions in Karaganda for You. Discover Karaganda as per the Traveler Resources given by our Travel Specialists. You will not miss any fun thing to do in Karaganda .

This Video has covered Best Attractions and Things to do in Karaganda .

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List of Best Things to do in Karaganda , Kazakhstan

Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Fatima
KarLag / Museum of Political Repression Victims’ Memory of the Dolinka Settlement
Monument Mining Glory
Independence Stele
Regional Central Mosque
Karaganda Regional Museum
Vvedenskiy Cathedral
K. Stanislavskiy Drama Theatre
Central Park of Culture and Rest
Monument to Expression Gde-Gde? V Karagande!

Episode 13. Kazakhstan. Almaty, Karagandy, Astana

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From Bishkek, by car I'm arriving in Almaty. I make a trip to the Big Almaty Lake and also look around the city. From there I'm traveling by train to Karaganda, get acquainted with the city and go to the capital of Kazakhstan - Astana. There I will get to the top of one of the most outstanding monuments of the city - Baiterek, and also look into the entertainment center Khan Shatyr. In the hostel I will talk about life with one Kazakh man. In Astana, I will board the train to Kiev.
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Street Food in Uzbekistan - 1,500 KG. of RICE PLOV (Pilau) + Market Tour in Tashkent!

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Thank you to B. Hamzaev - Head of Marketing and Promotion of Uzbekistan Tourism. Check out Bekruz:

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Uzbekistan Day 1: Tashkent

On Day 1 in Uzbekistan we went on an ultimate Uzbek street food tour in Tashkent, including the biggest bazaar in the city, and the most massive plov (rice pilau) cooking in Tashkent.

We had arrived at the airport in Tashkent at about 4 am in the morning, and at 9 am we were ready to start eating our way through the city.

First we met up with Bekruz and Akbar both from the Ministry of Tourism Uzbekistan (Bekruz is the one who invited me to Uzbekistan and arranged everything for us, so thank you Bekruz!), and Ravshan (check out his channel: a local food vlogger in Uzbekistan.

Two of the most important phrases you should know in Uzbek are:
Assalomu Alaykum - Hello / Greeting
Rahmat - Thank you

Bread Bazaar, Tashkent - We started this ultimate street food tour at the bread bazaar in Tashkent, a market dedicated fully to bread, with a little fruit and other things mixed in. We bought some break, some kaymak, and some fruit and then went to a nearby restaurant where they laid everything on the table for us, along with tea. Uzbek breakfast was a great way to get started.

Chorsu Bazaar - The grandest bazaar in Tashkent is Chorus Bazaar, and it’s a perfect place to get a feel of Uzbek culture and food. We first stopped at the food court to try hanum, a type of dumpling filled with potato and somsa. Then we continued to the dome shaped iconic part of the bazaar, filled with fresh meat and spices. It’s one of the coolest market structures anywhere in the world.

Plov Center - We kind of had to rush out of Chorsu Bazaar because although they prepare 1,500 Kilos, seriously, of rice plov per day, it only takes 2 - 3 hours before they run out everyday. So we got there, already one of the monster swimming pool pans was finished, but they still had a few others going and serving. Plov is the national dish of Uzbekistan, a food that’s eaten on every and all occasions. For Tashkent plov, it’s pretty heavy on the meat at oil, with rice, chickpeas, and raisins. Also it included, qazi - horsemeat sausage which is a delicacy. It was incredibly delicious, and proper meal experience.
Total price - 100,000 UZS ($12.21)

Plov is love, remember that when you’re in Uzbekistan.

National Food Restaurant - After strolling around for a while in the afternoon, we continued to a National Food restaurant, a laid back family style restaurant that serves all things Uzbek food. Along with a number of dishes, the main dish I was most interested in was the naryn, thin slices of dough mixed with minced meat and horse. It was interesting, and quite good, as were the other dishes.
Total price - 110,000 UZS ($13.43)

Sultan Suleyman Restaurant - For dinner we went to a bit of a fancy trendy restaurant, and had another platter of food. This time, dough noodle like sheets topped with meat, horse sausage again, and green onions.
Total price - 122,000 UZS ($14.90)

It was a day of learning, eating, and meeting some amazing people along the way. Thank you for watching this Uzbekistan food tour!

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Kazakhstan National Day celebration in New Delhi, India

Kazakhstan National Day celebration in New Delhi, India on December 2, 2016. Ambassador of Kazakhstan Bulat Sarsenbayev is welcoming the guests on the occasion.

Kazahstan, țara măreței stepe.

În inima stepei, în urmă cu 20 de ani, kazahii şi-au ridicat o nouă capitală. Acum metropola este cea mai tânără capitală a lumii și cel mai nou centru de afaceri şi investiţii din Asia Centrală. ????????️????????️


# # #
In the heart of the steppe, 20 years ago, the Kazakhs have built a new capital. Now the metropolis is the youngest capital of the world and the newest business and investment center in Central Asia.

Monumental Art of Kazakhstan (1976) - Documentary on Soviet Mosaics

Shared, translated and captioned by Monumental Almaty (MonumentalAlmaty.com, @monumentalalmaty)

Source: Central State Archive for Film, Photo, and Audiorecordings of the Republic of Kazakhstan

4 Romani in Siberia ep. 4

We start this episode by repairing the injection line with the help of Serghei, who is a prowd owner of an Aro 10 modified for extrem offroading. We continued with all cylinders properly working, heading Kazakstan in Karaganda where we were waited by Nicolae, the president of romanian comunity there. We visited the Karlag museum where we learned much more about the nationalities that were against the stalinist Russia and how they were fragmented to weaken their unity. What we considered interesting on this experimental society formed there was the fear based discipline heavily written on their subconcious. With the help of Nicolae we reached at Spask concentration lager where 900 romanians were taken prisoners there ( from a total of 7000) . The next objective was Balkhas lake, the greatest sweet and salty water lake. Conitinuing our road to Almaty, we met Valera who accomodated us at his mother in law place where we ameliorated the deplorable state of the car. Here we needed some welding and Valera recomanded another moldovean,Ion Groza who worked at an iceskate park on the top of the mountain, there he recomanded his son's workshop, place where we finished repairing in a record time and found out the next beautiful destination the Bolshoi Almaty. As we just left the custom we were stoped by the police for a serious bribe. The capital, Biskek was the next destination where we applyed for the Tadjikistan and Uzbekistan visa. in the city we were stopped twice by the police, the first one was for passing on yellow color of the traffic light and the second for passing in front of the flag at the restricted hour. Because of the cold nights we needed to find a place so we were made our accomodation at an internet cafe where we enjoyed a warm keyboard to rest our heads later at night. we got our visa and visited the central park where was a traditional festival with traditional music and dances. The next stop was the issysk lake, the second largest naviagble lake after Titicaca lake, there we visited the nearby archeological site with 3000 years old petrogliphs along with the over 5000m impressive cliffs nearby. getting altitude on our way to faimous Song-kul lake we delected with a beautiful series of hairpins and landscapes that introduced us into a confort zone being in a contrast with the steppe before. We got downhill carefully to Fergan valley to Osh where we fixed our suspension in the parking lot of a bazaar and got back on the road to exit Kirghistan where we left our expedition sticker on the customer's wardrobe along other expeditionist's mark. We went uphill to Tadjikistan customs near the highest point of the expedition, Murgab. Continuing to Korob, after crossing a barrier over 30km we were stoped by some military and escorted back to Murgab for a expected identification.



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Kazakhstan | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kazakhstan

Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.


You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.



SUMMARY
=======
Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан, translit. Qazaqstan, IPA: [qɑzɑqˈstɑn] ( listen); Russian: Казахстан, IPA: [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы, translit. Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Russian: Республика Казахстан, tr. Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi). It is a transcontinental country largely located in Asia; the most western parts are located in Europe. Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.Kazakhstan is officially a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of 2018. Given its large land area, its population density is among the lowest, at less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq mi). The capital is Astana, where it was moved in 1997 from Almaty, the country's largest city.
The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by Turkic nomads who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as Turkic Khaganate etc. In the 13th century, the territory joined the Mongolian Empire under Genghis Khan. By the 16th century, the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group, divided into three jüz (ancestor branches occupying specific territories). The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century, they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times. In 1936, it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union.
Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The current President, Nursultan Nazarbayev, has been leader of the country since then, and is characterised as authoritarian, with a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition. Kazakhstan has worked to develop its economy, especially its dominant hydrocarbon industry. Human Rights Watch says that Kazakhstan heavily restricts freedom of assembly, speech, and religion, and other human rights organisations regularly describe Kazakhstan's human rights situation as poor.
Kazakhstan's 131 ethnicities include Kazakhs (63% of the population), Russians, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, Germans, Tatars, and Uyghurs. Islam is the religion of about 70% of the population, with Christianity practised by 26%. Kazakhstan officially allows freedom of religion, but religious leaders who oppose the government are suppressed. The Kazakh language is the state language, and Russian has equal official status for all levels of administrative and institutional purposes. Kazakhstan is a member of the United Nations, WTO, CIS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the Eurasian Economic Union, CSTO, OSCE, OIC, and TURKSOY.

Kazakhstan | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kazakhstan


00:03:53 1 Etymology
00:04:41 2 History
00:05:18 2.1 Kazakh Khanate
00:08:08 2.2 Russian Empire
00:11:23 2.3 Soviet Union
00:15:57 2.4 Independence
00:17:07 3 Geography
00:20:17 3.1 Natural resources
00:22:52 3.2 Climate
00:23:18 3.3 Wildlife
00:24:19 3.4 Administrative divisions
00:25:30 3.5 Municipal divisions
00:26:22 3.6 Urban centres
00:26:31 4 Politics
00:26:40 4.1 Political system
00:27:53 4.2 Elections
00:30:14 4.3 Foreign relations
00:34:50 4.4 Military
00:37:25 4.5 Human rights
00:41:06 5 Economy
00:51:44 5.1 Agriculture
00:53:45 5.2 Infrastructure
00:58:53 5.3 Tourism
01:01:36 5.4 Green economy
01:02:25 5.5 Foreign direct investment
01:05:00 5.6 Banking
01:06:26 5.7 Bond market
01:07:09 5.8 Housing market
01:08:13 5.9 Nurly Jol economic policy
01:09:26 5.10 Economic competitiveness
01:10:24 5.11 Corruption
01:11:42 6 Science and technology
01:16:11 7 Demographics
01:17:26 7.1 Ethnic groups
01:19:24 7.2 Languages
01:20:25 7.3 Religion
01:23:26 7.4 Education
01:25:55 8 Culture
01:27:25 8.1 Literature
01:31:06 8.2 Music
01:35:45 8.3 Cuisine
01:36:23 8.4 Sport
01:41:45 8.5 Film
01:42:43 8.6 Media
01:43:48 8.7 UNESCO World Heritage sites
01:44:12 8.8 Public holidays
01:44:21 9 Membership of international organisations
01:45:27 10 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан, translit. Qazaqstan, IPA: [qɑzɑqˈstɑn] (listen); Russian: Казахстан, IPA: [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы, translit. Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Russian: Республика Казахстан, tr. Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi). It is a transcontinental country largely located in Asia; the most western parts are located in Europe. Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.Kazakhstan is officially a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of 2018. Given its large land area, its population density is among the lowest, at less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq mi). The capital is Astana, where it was moved in 1997 from Almaty, the country's largest city.
The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by Turkic nomads who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as Turkic Khaganate etc. In the 13th century, the territory joined the Mongolian Empire under Genghis Khan. By the 16th century, the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group, divided into three jüz (ancestor branches occupying specific territories). The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century, they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times. In 1936, it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union.
Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The current President, Nursultan Nazarbayev, has been leader of the country since then, and is characterised as authoritarian, with a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition. Kazakhstan has worked to develop its economy, especially its dominant hydrocarbon industry. Human Rights Watch says that Kazakhsta ...

Майкл Щур у цьому відео НЕ ЇСТЬ! ????· Амбасадори Ukraїner

У дванадцятій серії телеведучий та журналіст Роман Вінтонів, більш відомий як Майкл Щур, познайомить з рідною Долиною. У містечку неподалік Івано-Франківська можна насолодитися краєвидами гір, дізнатися про культуру бойків, а відвідавши сусіднє селище Вигода, покататися на «Карпатському трамваї». Разом із Романом у цю подорож вирушив засновник проєкту Ukraїner Богдан Логвиненко.

Читайте більше у лонгріді:

Kazakhstan | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kazakhstan

Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан, translit. Qazaqstan, IPA: [qɑzɑqˈstɑn] (listen); Russian: Казахстан, IPA: [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы, translit. Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Russian: Республика Казахстан, tr. Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi). It is a transcontinental country largely located in Asia; the most western parts are located in Europe. Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.Kazakhstan is officially a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of 2018. Given its large land area, its population density is among the lowest, at less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq mi). The capital is Astana, where it was moved in 1997 from Almaty, the country's largest city.
The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by Turkic nomads who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as Turkic Khaganate etc. In the 13th century, the territory joined the Mongolian Empire under Genghis Khan. By the 16th century, the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group, divided into three jüz (ancestor branches occupying specific territories). The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century, they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times. In 1936, it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union.
Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The current President, Nursultan Nazarbayev, has been leader of the country since then, and is characterised as authoritarian, with a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition. Kazakhstan has worked to develop its economy, especially its dominant hydrocarbon industry. Human Rights Watch says that Kazakhstan heavily restricts freedom of assembly, speech, and religion, and other human rights organisations regularly describe Kazakhstan's human rights situation as poor.
Kazakhstan's 131 ethnicities include Kazakhs (63% of the population), Russians, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, Germans, Tatars, and Uyghurs. Islam is the religion of about 70% of the population, with Christianity practised by 26%. Kazakhstan officially allows freedom of religion, but religious leaders who oppose the government are suppressed. The Kazakh language is the state language, and Russian has equal official status for all levels of administrative and institutional purposes. Kazakhstan is a member of the United Nations, WTO, CIS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the Eurasian Economic Union, CSTO, OSCE, OIC, and TURKSOY.

Kazakhstan | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kazakhstan


00:03:52 1 Etymology
00:04:40 2 History
00:05:17 2.1 Kazakh Khanate
00:08:07 2.2 Russian Empire
00:11:21 2.3 Soviet Union
00:15:54 2.4 Independence
00:17:05 3 Geography
00:20:13 3.1 Natural resources
00:22:48 3.2 Climate
00:23:14 3.3 Wildlife
00:24:15 3.4 Administrative divisions
00:25:26 3.5 Municipal divisions
00:26:18 3.6 Urban centres
00:26:27 4 Politics
00:26:35 4.1 Political system
00:27:49 4.2 Elections
00:30:09 4.3 Foreign relations
00:34:46 4.4 Military
00:37:21 4.5 Human rights
00:41:01 5 Economy
00:51:37 5.1 Agriculture
00:53:38 5.2 Infrastructure
00:58:45 5.3 Tourism
01:01:28 5.4 Green economy
01:02:17 5.5 Foreign direct investment
01:04:52 5.6 Banking
01:06:18 5.7 Bond market
01:07:00 5.8 Housing market
01:08:05 5.9 Nurly Jol economic policy
01:09:17 5.10 Economic competitiveness
01:10:16 5.11 Corruption
01:11:33 6 Science and technology
01:16:02 7 Demographics
01:17:17 7.1 Ethnic groups
01:19:14 7.2 Languages
01:20:15 7.3 Religion
01:23:16 7.4 Education
01:25:43 8 Culture
01:27:13 8.1 Literature
01:30:55 8.2 Music
01:35:33 8.3 Cuisine
01:36:11 8.4 Sport
01:41:32 8.5 Film
01:42:30 8.6 Media
01:43:35 8.7 UNESCO World Heritage sites
01:43:59 8.8 Public holidays
01:44:08 9 Membership of international organisations
01:45:14 10 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан, translit. Qazaqstan, IPA: [qɑzɑqˈstɑn] (listen); Russian: Казахстан, IPA: [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы, translit. Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Russian: Республика Казахстан, tr. Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi). It is a transcontinental country largely located in Asia; the most western parts are located in Europe. Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.Kazakhstan is officially a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of 2018. Given its large land area, its population density is among the lowest, at less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq mi). The capital is Astana, where it was moved in 1997 from Almaty, the country's largest city.
The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by Turkic nomads who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as Turkic Khaganate etc. In the 13th century, the territory joined the Mongolian Empire under Genghis Khan. By the 16th century, the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group, divided into three jüz (ancestor branches occupying specific territories). The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century, they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times. In 1936, it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union.
Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The current President, Nursultan Nazarbayev, has been leader of the country since then, and is characterised as authoritarian, with a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition. Kazakhstan has worked to develop its economy, especially its dominant hydrocarbon industry. Human Rights Watch says that Kazakhsta ...