Karagandy (Kazakh: Қарағанды / Qarağandı), more commonly known by its Russian name Karaganda, (Russian: Караганда, until 1993), is the capital of Karagandy Province in Kazakhstan. It is the fourth most populous city in Kazakhstan, behind Almaty (Alma-Ata), Astana and Shymkent, with a population of 471,800 (as of 1 January 2010).[1] In the 1940s up to 70% of the city's inhabitants were ethnic Germans. Most of the ethnic Germans are descendants of Soviet Volga Germans who were collectively deported to Siberia and Kazakhstan on Stalin's order when Hitler invaded Poland. Until the 1950s, many were interned in labor camps, often only due to their heritage. The population of Karaganda fell by 14% from 1989-1999; it was once Kazakhstan's second largest city after Almaty. One hundred thousand people have since emigrated to Germany. There is also a smaller concentration of ethnic Poles. It is the home city of Kazakh World War II hero Nurken Abdirov. A statue in Abdirov's honor is located in the center of the city. (Eng) Караганда́ (каз. Қарағанды) — город в Казахстане, центр Карагандинской области. Крупный индустриально-промышленный, научный и культурный центр. 10 февраля 1934 года Караганда получила статус города. Площадь города — около 550 квадратных километров. Географическое положение: 49,8 градусов северной широты и 73,1 градуса восточной долготы. Административно город разделён на два района: им. Казыбек би и Октябрьский. Местными органами управления являются городской акимат и городской маслихат. В Караганде работают крупные предприятия по добыче угля, предприятия машиностроения, металлообработки и пищевой промышленности. В городе работает большое количество предприятий транспорта и связи. На сегодняшний день Караганда является крупным промышленным, экономическим и культурным центром Казахстана. (Ru)