Tsunami Animation: Prince William Sound, Alaska, 1964 (virtual globe)
One of the largest earthquakes ever recorded by instruments (and the largest ever in the United States) struck south-central Alaska on March 27, 1964 (local time). This 9.2 magnitude earthquake generated a tsunami that killed people in Alaska and California and damaged property in those states as well as in British Columbia, Oregon, and Hawaii. Our animation shows how that tsunami may have propagated in the Pacific Ocean 50 years ago and covers a 20-hour period finishing with an energy map showing the forecasted maximum heights of open-ocean tsunami waves followed by the forecasted tsunami runup on the coasts.
As part of its response to this event the United States government created a second tsunami warning center in 1967, the Alaska Tsunami Warning Center--now called the National Tsunami Warning Center--to help mitigate future tsunami threats to Alaska, Canada, and the U.S. Mainland. Please see for more information about our sister Center.
(Mercator version at:
ALASKA, PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND GLACIER CRUISE | jeanVLOG
Hey guys! (WATCH IN HD)
Here's a video of a cruise to #Beloit & #Blackstone tidewater glaciers. I hope you enjoy watching! Thanks! xoxo!!!
#PrinceWilliamSoundGlacierCruise #TwoTideWaterGlaciers #2018AlaskaAdventure
~ Please don't forget to SUBSCRIBE for more videos!
~ Have you WATCHED my previous videos?
DENALI, Alaska BUS TOUR | jeanVLOG
UNBOXING Stuff from Hubby's Friend | Jean Hartmann
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
~ FOR BUSINESS INQUIRIES: nnamtrahjean@gmail.com
~ You can FOLLOW me on my social media sites.
INSTAGRAM: j_nnamtrah
FACEBOOK:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MUSIC:
Harmony by Ikson
Music promoted by Audio Library
9.2 Earthquake & Tsunami, Alaska 1964
At 9.2 on the Richter scale, this was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in North America, and the 2nd most powerful in the world. It caused a tsunami that hit the US West Coast, killing people as far away as California.
This is from a USGS video, edited down to be short & sweet (2-1/2 minutes instead of 11.) The full version is at:
26-Glaciers-Cruise through Prince William Sound in Alaska, USA
About two weeks ago I visited #Alaska, #USA on a #TierPointRun. If you don‘t know what that is, it‘s probably not important to you anyway. But, more importantly, there in Alaska I went on a little day-cruise from #Whittier through Prince William Sound. The #26glacierscruise takes you, as the name suggests, along 26 glaciers leading into the sound. It was amazing and beautiful!
.
If you want to do the same cruise, visit the city of Whittier. Phillips Cruises operates daily and to my knowledge year-round with their patented 26-Glaciers-Cruise. As you need to drive to Whittier and back from Anchorage, plan a full day for this fun activity.
.
#amazing #instatravel #travel #travelgram #travelblogger #ontheroad #wanderlust #luxurytravel #beautifuldestinations #bestvacations #vacation #vacations #wonderful_places #welivetoexplore #explore #exploremore #holiday #holidays #iphone7plus @nikoneurope #NikonD850 @26glaciers #26glaciers #PrinceWilliamSound #Anchorage
WHITTIER ALASKA - Prince William Sound
A few clips I took while walking around Whittier Alaska, recorded on Father's Day June 15th 2014.
Prince William Sound Glacier Cruise
During the Adventure Travel Trade Association World Summit in Anchorage, Alaska in 2016, we joined 130 other travel delegates from around the globe to travel to Whittier and enjoy a glacier viewing cruise with Major Marine Tours. It was spectacular as you will see. Subscribe to us here:
The Alaska Syndrom
March of ‘89 in Alaska: the largest oil disaster in the history of the United States. The Tanker Exxon Valdez runs aground and 40 million liters of crude oil destroy Prince William Sound.
The cause of the disaster, Exxon, begins the clean-up, which is accompanied by a massive PR campaign. With the help of two billion dollars, the company polishes its image and a few beaches. And yet, the ecological balance of this unhappy land remains destroyed for years.
In a full length feature, the film points out who lost and who won in this catastrophe:
--the inhabitants of this unhappy land whose food source has been destroyed for an indefinite period
--Bill Allen who, with his clean-up company, is making good on the disaster.
--The Coastguard, as the Federal Authority responsible for overseeing the clean-up activity, and its involvement with the very industry it’s supposed to control.
“The oil business directs everything that happens in this State.” This based on many years of practical experience from pizza baker and former mayoral candidate Mafia Mike.
Anchorage: Prince William Sound Glacier Cruise - Holland America Line
Cruise through Prince William Sound via fjords and some of Alaska's most pristine waters. Wildlife and glaciers abound on the shoreline below snow-capped peaks.
Tsunami Forecast Model Animation: Alaska 1964
At 5:36 pm on Friday, March 27, 1964 (28 March, 03:36Z UTC) the largest earthquake ever measured in North America, and the second-largest recorded anywhere, struck 40 miles west of Valdez, Alaska in Prince William Sound with a moment magnitude we now know to be 9.2. Almost an hour and a half later the Honolulu Magnetic and Seismic Observatory (later renamed the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, or PTWC) was able to issue its first “tidal wave advisory” that noted that a tsunami was possible and that it could arrive in the Hawaiian Islands five hours later. Upon learning of a tsunami observation in Kodiak Island, Alaska, an hour and a half later the Honolulu Observatory issued a formal “tidal wave/seismic sea-wave warning” cautioning that damage was possible in Hawaii and throughout the Pacific Ocean but that it was not possible to predict the intensity of the tsunami. The earthquake did in fact generate a tsunami that killed 124 people (106 in Alaska, 13 in California, and 5 in Oregon) and caused about $2.3 billion (2016 dollars) in property loss all along the Pacific coast of North America from Alaska to southern California and in Hawaii. The greatest wave heights were in Alaska at over 67 m or 220 ft. and waves almost 10 m or 32 ft high struck British Columbia, Canada. In the “lower 48” waves as high as 4.5 m or 15 ft. struck Washington, as high as 3.7 m or 12 ft. struck Oregon, and as high as 4.8 m or over 15 ft. struck California. Waves of similar size struck Hawaii at nearly 5 m or over 16 ft. high. Waves over 1 m or 3 ft. high also struck Mexico, Chile, and even New Zealand.
As part of its response to this event the United States government created a second tsunami warning facility in 1967 at the Palmer Observatory, Alaska--now called the National Tsunami Warning Center (NTWC, )--to help mitigate future tsunami threats to Alaska, Canada, and the U.S. Mainland.
Today, more than 50 years since the Great Alaska Earthquake, PTWC and NTWC issue tsunami warnings in minutes, not hours, after a major earthquake occurs, and will also forecast how large any resulting tsunami will be as it is still crossing the ocean. PTWC can also create an animation of a historical tsunami with the same tool that it uses to determine tsunami hazards in real time for any tsunami today: the Real-Time Forecasting of Tsunamis (RIFT) forecast model. The RIFT model takes earthquake information as input and calculates how the waves move through the world’s oceans, predicting their speed, wavelength, and amplitude. This animation shows these values through the simulated motion of the waves and as they travel through the world’s oceans one can also see the distance between successive wave crests (wavelength) as well as their height (half-amplitude) indicated by their color. More importantly, the model also shows what happens when these tsunami waves strike land, the very information that PTWC needs to issue tsunami hazard guidance for impacted coastlines. From the beginning the animation shows all coastlines covered by colored points. These are initially a blue color like the undisturbed ocean to indicate normal sea level, but as the tsunami waves reach them they will change color to represent the height of the waves coming ashore, and often these values are higher than they were in the deeper waters offshore. The color scheme is based on PTWC’s warning criteria, with blue-to-green representing no hazard (less than 30 cm or ~1 ft.), yellow-to-orange indicating low hazard with a stay-off-the-beach recommendation (30 to 100 cm or ~1 to 3 ft.), light red-to-bright red indicating significant hazard requiring evacuation (1 to 3 m or ~3 to 10 ft.), and dark red indicating a severe hazard possibly requiring a second-tier evacuation (greater than 3 m or ~10 ft.).
Toward the end of this simulated 24 hours of activity the wave animation will transition to the “energy map” of a mathematical surface representing the maximum rise in sea-level on the open ocean caused by the tsunami, a pattern that indicates that the kinetic energy of the tsunami was not distributed evenly across the oceans but instead forms a highly directional “beam” such that the tsunami was far more severe in the middle of the “beam” of energy than on its sides. This pattern also generally correlates to the coastal impacts; note how those coastlines directly in the “beam” are hit by larger waves than those to either side of it.
----------
Earthquake source used:
Johnson, J. M., K. Satake, S. R. Holdahl, and J. Sauber, The 1964 Prince William Sound earthquake: Joint inversion of tsunami and geodetic data, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 523–532, 1996
NOAA Science on s Sphere Version available at:
26 Glacier Cruise Tour of Prince William Sound By Phillips Cruises
Phillips Cruises - 26 Glacier Cruise
Tour of the glaciers of Prince William Sound
Departure Location: Whittier, AK
Duration: 12:30 PM - 5:30 PM
Old Harbor, Alaska, Nuniaq ,Alutiiq, Kodiak Island Borough, Pacific Coast
Old Harbor, Alaska, Pacific Coast
Old Harbor (Nuniaq[5] in Alutiiq) is a city in Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 218.[
The community of Old Harbor has its origins in the era of Russian conquest. On August 14, 1784, Grigory Shelikhov with 130 Russian fur traders massacred (see Awa'uq Massacre) several hundred Qik’rtarmiut Sugpiat tribe of Alutiiq men, women and children at Refuge Rock, a tiny stack island off the eastern coast of Sitkalidak Island. In Alutiiq, this sacred place is known as Awa'uq (to become numb).[7][8]
Demographics[edit]
Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1920 54 —
1930 84 55.6%
1940 109 29.8%
1950 121 11.0%
1960 193 59.5%
1970 290 50.3%
1980 340 17.2%
1990 284 −16.5%
2000 237 −16.5%
2010 218 −8.0%
Est. 2016 218 [4] 0.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[9]
As of the census[10] of 2000, there were 237 people, 79 households, and 51 families residing in the city. The population density was 11.3 people per square mile (4.4/km²). There were 111 housing units at an average density of 5.3 per square mile (2.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 13.08% White, 73.00% Native American, and 13.92% from two or more races.
There were 79 households out of which 44.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.9% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband pr
Tsunami ,Kodiak, Alaska, A wild History
Tsunami Alaska,
Tsunami Kodiak,
Tsunami North Pacific
Tsunami Pacific Ocean,
Tsunami Pacific,
Tsunami history,
Tsunami USa,
Tsunami Alaska,
Alaska Earthquake,
Alaska Tsunami,
Alsaka quake,
shock wave,
The Latest on an Alaska earthquake that prompted a tsunami warning for coastal Alaska, Canada's British Columbia and the West Coast of the U.S. (all times local):
The National Tsunami Center has canceled a tsunami warning that was triggered by a powerful earthquake off the coast of Alaska.
M Palmer, Alaska, said early Tuesday that an advisory remains in effect for parts of Alaska, from Kodiak Island to Prince William Sound.
Watches have been canceled for British Columbia in Canada, Washington, Oregon, California and Hawaii. Officials in Japan say there is no tsunami threat there.
Prince William Sound, Alaska
Watch in HD!
1964 Great Alaska Earthquake —See link below for corrected version
GO HERE FOR CORRECTED VERSION:
ERRORS: (1.) At 45sec, should be earthquakes greater than M5 since 1970. (2. Fourth Ave., not Fourth St. (3.) At 47 sec it should say M5, NOT M6. (4.) After 2min48sec the epicenter was shifted N. Should be ESE of that, closer to Prince William Sound.
For corrected copy go to:
The 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake occurred on Good Friday, March 27th. It and rocked the state with strong ground shaking for 4.5 minutes. At magnitude 9.2, it was the second largest quake ever recorded by seismometers.
This animation shows the underlying causes of that earthquake, and tells how research done on the ground deformation contributed to confirmation of early theories of plate tectonics.
Animation & graphics by Jenda Johnson, geologist
Directed by Robert F. Butler, University of Portland
U.S. Geological Survey consultants:
Robert C. Witter, Alaska Science Center
Peter J. Haeussler, Alaska Science Center
Narrated by Roger Groom, Mount Tabor Middle School
Earthquake locations from UAF Alaska Earthquake Center. Maps from Google Earth. Video from US Army Corps of Engineers. Tsunami animation from National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration. Photographs from US Geological Survey.
Funded by the National Science Foundation
Kayaking Alaska - Prince William Sound [FULL HD]
After a few years of thinking I would never see my original Alaska video in HD, I was happily surprised to find that I have the originals files that can now be viewed in full HD. :)
From the original upload:
A compilation of 6 days 6 nights camping and kayaking in Prince William Sound, Alaska. August 2012 left from Whittier to Blackstone Bay and Surprise Cove. All footage was shot using a GoPro Hero 2. There was a certain rhythm to this unique experience that I attempted to capture with the footage and editing.
Prince William Sound Glaciers
26 Glacier tour of Prince William Sound in Alaska
Nesting Kittiwakes in Prince William Sound, Alaska
Orca in Prince William Sound, Alaska
Orca in Prince William Sound, Alaska
Five Years of Earthquakes in Southern Alaska: 2015 - 2019
Alaska lies above a tectonic plate boundary called a “subduction zone” such that the Pacific Plate grinds beneath the North American Plate. This type of plate boundary can create volcanoes, such as Redoubt, Augustine, and Katmai. Subduction zones can also produce megathrust earthquakes with large vertical motions that cause devastating tsunamis, such as the M9.2 Great Alaska Earthquake that struck Prince William Sound in 1964. A subduction zone boundary will also produce many smaller earthquakes, and they can be seen in this animation as the earthquakes that become deeper and deeper the further away they occur from the plate boundary, the Aleutian Trench. Meanwhile, both plates also host their own shallow earthquakes that result from many smaller faults that form as they are being squeezed and sheared by their collision in this subduction zone. In other words, there is one gigantic fault--the subduction zone megathrust--and many smaller faults on both the Pacific and North American Plates that can produce earthquakes.
For an earthquake to pose a tsunami hazard it has to be able to significantly move the sea floor in a vertical direction, either by suddenly dropping or popping up. Therefore, when an earthquake occurs the scientists in the tsunami warning centers need to rapidly determine an earthquake’s location, including its depth. Is it on land or under the ocean? Is it shallow enough to move the seafloor, or is it so deep that it doesn’t pose a risk? They then determine its magnitude, since a larger earthquake will move more of the sea floor and over a larger area. These parameters can be determined within a matter of minutes. But over the course of the first hour following an earthquake they will continue to analyze their data and they may also be able to determine which direction the seafloor moved. It may have moved primarily in a vertical direction (either up or down), and thus pose a greater tsunami risk. Or it may have moved mostly sideways, posing a lesser tsunami hazard. Once these scientists have this information they can use it to better predict how dangerous a tsunami may be, but until they can figure it out they will assume the worst-case scenario of maximum vertical motion. If they figure out later that the earthquake is something else, such as an earthquake that mostly moved sideways, they may downgrade or cancel their tsunami alert. A graphical way to show this sense of motion for earthquakes is the “focal mechanism” sometimes informally referred to as a “beach ball.” These symbols are included in this animation to show which direction some of the earthquakes moved, especially the larger ones. Note that the locations of the focal mechanisms do not exactly coincide with the circles representing the hypocenters. That is because earthquake rupture starts in one spot then moves across the surface of a fault plane. The hypocenter circles represent where this rupture starts, whereas the focal mechanisms are positioned such that they represent the location of the average of all of the motion from the earthquake. Imagine you’re unzipping your jacket: the hypocenter is where the slider was at the top of your jacket, while the centroid will be somewhere around the middle of the zipper.
Thankfully the largest earthquakes that occurred in the five year period covered by this animation did not pose a significant tsunami hazard because they were too far inland, too deep, not big enough, or moved sideways. Three particularly large earthquakes occurred during this five-year period:
Jan 24, 2016 -- M 7.1 -- east of Old Iliamna, Alaska -- deep with sideways and downward motion
Jan 23, 2018 -- M 7.9 -- southeast of Kodiak -- shallow but with sideways motion (small tsunami)
Nov 30, 2018 -- M 7.1 -- Anchorage -- deep and inland with downward motion but damaging
The U.S. Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) and the U.S. National Tsunami Warning Center (NTWC) will issue tsunami alerts for any potentially tsunami-causing earthquake in the Alaska region. These alerts will be posted to:
For a more thorough explanation of focal mechanisms, please watch:
To see how subduction zones make tsunamis, please watch:
-----
Earthquake Data Source: United States Geological Survey (USGS)/National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) searchable catalog:
Focal Mechanisms Source: Global Centroid Moment Tensor Project (GCMT):
Plate Boundary from UTIG’s PLATES Project:
Fault Lines from the State of Alaska’s Division of Geologic and Geophysical Surveys (DGGS):
Columbia & Meares Glacier cruise, Prince William Sound, Valdez, Alaska - nomadworldtraveller.co.uk
Cruises with glacial calving
Earthquakes of Alaska: 1918 - 2019
The M7.1 earthquake that occurred under Anchorage, Alaska, on November 30, 2018, was the largest earthquake to impact the city in 54 years. It was not, however, the largest recorded earthquake there. That distinction goes to the March 28, 1964, M9.2 Great Alaskan Earthquake (a.k.a. the Good Friday Earthquake) that struck the region as the largest earthquake ever recorded in North America, and the second-largest earthquake recorded anywhere. It in fact released more than 1000 times as much energy as the 2018 earthquake and generated a devastating tsunami.
Alaska and its Aleutian Islands lie above a tectonic plate boundary called a “subduction zone” where the Pacific Plate grinds beneath the North American Plate. This type of plate boundary can create volcanoes, such as those that make up the Aleutian Islands that stretch from Kamchatka, Russia to the Alaska Peninsula. Subduction zones can also produce megathrust earthquakes with large vertical motions that cause devastating tsunamis. Alaska and the Aleutian Islands have been the source of many such earthquakes and tsunamis in the more than 100 years of scientific measurement of these phenomena, and this animation shows all of the recorded seismic activity in this region from 100 years before the 2018 Anchorage earthquake up until the present day*
Some significant earthquakes shown in this animation include:
April 1, 1946 -- M8.6 -- Unimak Island, Aluetian Is. (damaging/deadly tsunami)
Aug 22, 1949 -- M8.0 -- Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Island), Canada (tsunami)
Nov 4, 1952 -- M9.0 -- Kamchatka, Russia (damaging/deadly tsunami)
Mar 3, 1957 -- M8.6 -- Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands (damaging tsunami)
Jul 10, 1958 -- M7.8 -- Southeastern Alaska (Lituya Bay rockfall and megatsunami)
Mar 28, 1964 -- M9.2 -- Prince William Sound (damaging/deadly tsunami)
Feb 2, 1965 -- M8.7 -- Rat Islands, Aleutian Is. (damaging tsunami)
Nov 3, 2002 -- M7.9 -- Central Alaska (Denali Fault)
Oct 28, 2012 -- M7.8 -- Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Island), Canada (tsunami)
May 24, 2013 -- M8.3 -- Sea of Okhotsk (very deep: 598 km / 372 mi.)
Jan 23, 2018 -- M7.9 -- southeast of Kodiak Island
Nov 30, 2018 -- M7.1 -- Anchorage (significant damage, no deaths)
The U.S. Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) and the U.S. National Tsunami Warning Center (NTWC) will issue tsunami alerts for any potentially tsunami-causing earthquake in the Alaska region. These alerts will be posted to:
To see a comparison of the relative sizes of some historic earthquakes, please watch:
To see how subduction zones make tsunamis, please watch:
-----
Earthquake Data Source: United States Geological Survey (USGS)/National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) searchable catalog:
-----
*Please note that this animation shows every earthquake in the USGS/NEIC catalog for this region. As the animation moves forward in time so too does the science of seismology with the continual addition of newer and better instruments. As the animation approaches the present day these instrument networks are able to detect smaller and smaller earthquakes, creating the illusion of increasing activity. This effect is especially noticeable in 1973 and again in 2002. In reality these smaller earthquakes have always occurred, but the technology has only recently been able to detect them.