[Wikipedia] Pterostylis exserta
Pterostylis exserta, commonly known as the exserted rufous greenhood, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. Both flowering and non-flowering plants have a large rosette of leaves flat on the ground and flowering plants have up to seven pale, transparent green and white flowers with brownish lines.
Dirty Business: How Mining Made Australia - Full Documentary
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General Knowledge History Quiz:
Dirty Business: How Mining Made Australia is the history of Australian mining. It portrays how over the last 150 years mining has made Australia rich, yet created an unending struggle over who shares in the wealth. It reveals how mining helped forge democracy yet has repeatedly plotted to influence politics and even overthrow democratically elected leaders. Whilst mining has also been deeply damaging to Aboriginal society, ironically in the 21st century, it may be aboriginal people's best hope of economic self-determination.
PT 2 OF 2 PARTS Historical Broome with Broome museum WA Western Australia
CARAVAN TRIP 2007 Broome is a pearling and tourist town in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, 2200 km north of Perth. The year round population is approximately 14,000, growing to around 30,000 during the tourist season.[citation needed] Broome International Airport provides transport to several regional and domestic towns and cities. History The first European to visit Broome was William Dampier in 1688 and again in 1699. Many of the coastal features of the area are named by him. In 1879, Charles Harper suggested that the pearling industry could be served by a port closer to the pearling grounds and that Roebuck Bay would be suitable. In 1883, John Forrest selected the site for the town, and it was named after the Governor of Western Australia, Sir Frederick Broome. In 1889, a telegraph undersea cable was laid from Broome to Singapore, connecting to England. Hence the name Cable Beach given to the landfall site. Location of BroomeThe town has an interesting history based around the exploits of the men and women who developed the pearling industry, starting with the harvesting of oysters for mother of pearl in the 1880s to the current major cultured pearl farming enterprises. The riches from the pearl beds did not come cheap, and the town's Japanese cemetery is the resting place of more than 900 Japanese divers who lost their lives working in the industry. Many were lost at sea and the exact number of deaths is unknown. The Japanese were only one of the major ethnic groups who flocked to Broome to work on the luggers or the shore based activities supporting the harvesting of oysters from the waters around Broome. They were specialist divers and, despite political pressure to expel them in support of the White Australia Policy, became an indispensable part of the industry until World War II. Broome was attacked by Japanese aircraft on March 3, 1942. The air raid killed at least 88 people. Following the end of the war in 1945, the town and its pearling industry gradually recovered from the disruptions of wartime. The West Australian mining boom of the 1960s, as well as the growth of the tourism industry, also helped Broome develop and diversify. Broome is one of the fastest growing cities in Australia
Cunderdin WA WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Cunderdin, Western Australia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
LGA: Shire of Cunderdin
State District: Central Wheatbelt
Federal Division: O'Connor
Coordinates: 31°39′22″S 117°14′38″E/31.656°S 117.244°E/-31.656; 117.244
Cunderdin is a town located in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia 156 km east of Perth,[2] on Great Eastern Highway.
Contents [hide]
[edit] History
The first European visitor to the area was Charles Cooke Hunt, who explored the area in 1864 and recorded the name Cunderdin, from the Aboriginal name of a nearby hill. The meaning of the name is unknown but is thought to mean place of the bandicoot.
Like many small towns in the area, Cunderdin developed as a stop-off town during the gold rush in the WA Goldfields. Significantly in 1894 the railway arrived signalling the earliest settlement in the town. Later, in 1901, the Goldfields Water Scheme designed by C. Y. O'Connor led to a renewed increase in population of the town. The townsite was gazetted in 1906.[3]
[edit] Economy
As part of the wheatbelt, the economy of Cunderdin is primarily agricultural. There is an agricultural college 3 km north of the town; it is one of the six campuses of the Western Australia College of Agriculture. There are approximately 110 students supported by 50 staff and their families.[4]
Cunderdin Airstrip is situated next to the agriculture college.[4] It was built early in the Second World War as a base for the RAAF flying school and bomber base.[5]
[edit] Farming
Cunderdin is mostly a farming community. Former Chairman of the WA Colleges of Agriculture, Alan Carter, is one of the many farmers to occupy land in the region. His produce consists of wheat, lupins, canola and also livestock. There is also great livestock production. The Jolma Poll Dorset Stud, run by Perry Jasper and Co., has been very successful when competing in exhibition shows in Perth and Adelaide.
[edit] Places of interest
Ettamogah Pub, CunderdinCunderdin Museum [6]
Youndegin, 19 km south of Cunderdin, has the ruins of the earliest settlement in the area
Cunderdin Hill Lookout - panoramic views of the area
Railway Water Tower
Ettamogah Pub
Cunderdin mini-golf course, which is situated next to the Cunderdin Reservoir, itself part of the Goldfields water supply scheme
Cunderdin Pool
Historic sites of Youndigin and Doonananning
Cunderdin Town Oval
Rick Hart Seconds
Golden Pipeline
C Y O'Connor Park
Cunderdin daviesia (Daviesiacunderdin) is a small to medium sized shrub, which grows to 1.6 m high. It appears that it is isolated to the Cunderdin area.[7]
Visitors cannot help but notice the large Ettamogah theme hotel and pub when driving through the town, due to its redness and a car on its roof. It is based on the comics of Ken Maynard and is one of a few of these pubs scattered throughout Australia. There are similar venues in Sydney, Albury-Wodonga,[8] The Sunshine Coast, Queensland and Morley.
Cunderdin also serves as a stop on the Prospector and Avonlink rural train services. wa CARAVAN TRIP 2008 DON PUGH
World's insatiable appetite for batteries sparks lithium mining boom in Australia | ABC News
Growing demand for batteries for electric cars and power storage is driving increased investment in lithium mining in Western Australia.
WA is currently supplying more than 40 per cent of the world's lithium and a new mine in the Pilbara is the latest in a string of investments in the industry.
The West Australian Government is now encouraging industry to build a battery factory in the state to capitalise on the boom.
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Pterostylis irsoniana visited by male fungus gnat
Supplementary video material as part of the publication in Annals of Australian Botany.
Article: Species-specific male pollinators found for three native New Zealand greenhood orchids (Pterostylis spp.) suggest pollination by sexual deception.
The video is a short excerpt from a longer original video of a single male fungus gnat (resembling Morganiella fusca) investigating a Pterostylis irsoniana flower. The labellum of the flower is inactive and there are no more pollinia to collect.
Here, the fungus gnat investigates the flower while fanning its wings and protruding the lower half of its abdomen towards the apex of the labellum. The insect then voluntarily enters the flower, spends a few seconds in the floral base, and attempts to crawl up through the columnar wings.
FARMING IN SOUTHERN CROSS WA WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Southern Cross is located on the Great Eastern Highway, three hours drive west of Kalgoorlie. It is the centre for the Yilgarn Shire (Yilgarn is the Aboriginal word for white stone or quartz).
The area includes Bullfinch, Marvel Loch, Moorine Rock, Bodollin and Koolyanobbing.
Southern Cross is situated in a prosperous, well established farming area including some of the largest farms in the state. The history that surrounds the district complements the beauty and adventure of the Shire of Yilgarn.
Gold was discovered in Southern Cross in 1888 by Tom Risely and Mick Toomey. They named the place after the stars that had been their guide. Today all the streets and the salt lake of the town are named after stars or constellations.
The land is spectacularly beautiful in spring with wildflowers. Popular attractions within the Southern Cross area include Baladje Rock, Frog Rock, Karalee Dam and Hunts Soak; all interesting to visit and ideal picnic spots.
For a panoramic view of the area, head up to Wimmera Hill Lookout which overlooks the township, the surrounding farmland and goldmines. Just east of town is the old cemetery which was developed as a Pioneer Memorial.
The early settlers relied on horse and camel teams to transport goods. Chaff to feed them was expensive and so crops were grown on the 160 acre Miners Homestead blocks. Later, in the 1920s a number of blocks were opened up as a Soldier Settlement, followed by the Miner's Settlement project establishing miners suffering from Miners' Phthisis on the land. The Depression coupled with the low rainfall proved disastrous for the farmers. Only a few managed to survive.
Today, the Yilgarn is a prosperous well established farming area comprising grain, wool, sheep, cattle and pigs with some of the largest farms in the state. The history that surrounds the district complements the beauty and adventure of the Shire of Yilgarn.
CARAVAN TRIP 2008 DON PUGH
Pterostylis nutans - Nodding Greenhood Orchid
Australian Antique Car Show The Entrance May 2012
2012 Central Coast Australia Antique Car Show today at The Entrance took the family out to check out the Antique cars and bikes added my song The Burning thought I'd put it up for all to enjoy, cheers Shawn
Thumbrella Question Time -- Adventure and Backpacker Industry Conference 2010
Shadow tourism minister Bob Baldwin, Australian Tourism Export Council managing director Matt Hingerty, Adventure Tours Australia Group director Greg Zammit and Tourism Australia managing director Andrew McEvoy took part in the first ever Thumbrella Question Time at the Adventure & Backpacker Industry Conference in Sydney in November.
Northern Banded Greenhood Orchid
Western Australia's Native Orchids (Also known as Wild Orchids of Regional WA), the DVD/s broken up into separate presentations for you to see them individualy in high definition. Please visit atoz-visual.com to purchase.
Australia - End of the Mining Boom in Australia - BBC Our World Documentary
Australia - End of the Mining Boom in Australia 1 of 2 - BBC Our World Documentary, recorded 08.07.2009 Il see if I can find a fitting description, but the title really says it all ... Here the BBC questions if the Mining Boom in Australia is over, following the financial downturn... We of course all know that it cannot be over, its at worst just recovering from a bad cycle. But interesting viewing...
BHP to expand WA operations
Western Australia will be at the centre of BHP Billiton's planned multi-billion dollar expansion of its mining operations in the country.
Cupped Banded Greenhood Orchid
Western Australia's Native Orchids (Also known as Wild Orchids of Regional WA), the DVD/s broken up into separate presentations for you to see them individualy in high definition. Please visit atoz-visual.com to purchase.
10 min northam WA WESTERN AUSTRALIA
CARAVAN TRIP 2008 DON PUGH Northam is a town in Western Australia, situated at the confluence of the Avon and Mortlock Rivers, about 97 kilometres (60 mi) north-east of Perth in the Avon Valley. With a population of slightly over 6,000, Northam is the largest town in the Avon region. It is also the largest inland town in the state not founded on mining. [edit] History The area around Northam was first explored in 1830 by a party of colonists led by Ensign Robert Dale, and subsequently founded in 1833. It was named by Governor Stirling, probably after a village of the same name in Devon, England. Almost immediately it became a point of departure for explorers and settlers who were interested in the lands which lay to the east. This initial importance declined with the growing importance of the other nearby towns of York and Beverley, but the arrival of the railway made Northam the major departure point for fossickers and miners who headed east towards the goldfields. A notable scandal occurred in 1933 when the town's entire Aboriginal population were rounded up by police and dumped in the Moore River Native Settlement. The Northam Shire Council said they had scabies and were a health risk.[1] During the 1940s and 1950s in Northam there were extensive camps for displaced European refugees and immigrants. Steve Fossett became the first person to fly around the world alone, non-stop, in a balloon when he launched from Northam on 19 June 2002, and returned to Australia on 3 July, landing in Queensland. [edit] Government Northam consists of the Town of Northam and Shire of Northam. After 53 years of debates and attempts, these two councils merged on 1 July 2007 to form one new council called the Shire of Northam. [edit] Railways Location of Northam, Western AustraliaNortham is a major railway junction, and serves as the commercial centre for much of the western Wheatbelt. The dual gauge Eastern Railway terminates here and becomes the standard gauge Eastern Goldfields Railway. Narrow gauge radiates both south of the town to York and beyond (Great Southern Railway), and north to Goomalling, another rural railway junction. The Northam railway station is used for the Prospector and Avonlink rural train services. The original station on Fitzgerald Street was opened in 1900 and closed in 1966 when the new Eastern Railway route became operational.[2] The Australian Railroad Group have a large railway yard named Avon Yard west of the town.
Spotlight on WA: Population growth
The level of population growth affects many parts of the WA economy. Bankwest Chief Economist Alan Langford explains how WA’s population growth has changed over the past year and what this means for the state’s economy.
SA aspires to steal mining business
The South Australian Government has launched a new advertising campaign in Perth to try and lure investment away from Western Australia.
DON VISITS YORK WA WESTERN AUSTRALIA APR 2008 PART 1 OF 3
HISTORY York is the oldest inland town in Western Australia, situated 97 km east of Perth in the Avon Valley near Northam, and is the seat of the Shire of York. Home to an estimated 3,289 people in 2005, it was settled in 1831, only two years after Perth was settled in 1829. History With the increasing population of the then Swan River Settlement in 1829, it became evident that suitable land would have to be discovered for the growing of cereal crops needed to provide necessary food. Robert Dale, 21 year old Officer of the 63rd Regiment, was assigned the honour of making the first exploratory journey over the Darling Range during the winter months of 1830 into what was later to become known as the Avon Valley. As a result of these explorations, Governor Stirling decided that the new district would be thrown open for selection and this was done by Government Notice on 11 November 1830. Named after the city of York in England, the first settlers in the district reached the valley on 15 September 1831, and immediately set about the construction of huts, the preparation required for their stock and the cultivation of new land. The first decade of settlement in the Avon Valley showed steady progress and a clear indication that the whole district should develop into a rich and prosperous farming area. A township did not begin to appear until 1836 when an army barracks and store were built. It then began to take shape and great improvements were noted as private and Government buildings were erected.[1] By this time the Aboriginal population was beginning to realise the full impact of European colonisation, and to offer understandable resistance. Soldiers were sent from Perth to protect settlers and by 1836 the nucleus of the township was in place, consisting of an army barracks and store with outbuildings, five houses and about 50 acres of cleared land. The first inland town of the Swan River Colony was born, and the story of its subsequent development is traced in the York Heritage Trails four walks. By the late 1880s the town was teeming with miners and fossickers, all alighting from the train and preparing to make the long journey across the plains to the goldfields. It was during the period 1886 to 1900 that most of the town's impressive buildings were constructed. wikipedia
SEVERE WEATHER UPDATE: Developing Tropical Low In The Gulf Of Carpentaria, Australia -17 Feb 2017
''CLIMATE CHAOS 2017''
** Cyclone brewing in Gulf of Carpentaria...
RESIDENTS in part of Queensland and the Northern Territory are being advised to prepare for only the second tropical cyclone to hit Australia this summer.
The warning comes as Queensland Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk convenes an emergency meeting with the state’s disaster response team.
On Friday, the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) warned there was a “high chance” a tropical low brewing in the Gulf could strengthen over the weekend bringing gusts in excess of 125km/h and heavy rain.
** Caught in a battle between weather systems, Australia is in the midst of two very different summers...
Australia is currently in the grip of four weather systems all fighting it out for supremacy.
In the Pacific there’s our old favourite La Nina. It’s equivalent on the other side of the continent is the Indian Ocean Diploe. To the north is the Australian Monsoon and to the south, strong winds coming in from Antarctica.
“The unusual ingredient with our climate is the Southern Annular Mode — which we call SAM,” said Dr Watkins.
The westerly winds originate in the Antarctic and how close they get to Australia can be critical for our weather.
“Over the past couple of decades SAM has been moving south and that’s led to drier conditions. But since November, SAM has been a negative phase which means the weather systems is further north than usual bringing westerly winds to areas usually spared.
“What happens through summer is a big high pressure system sits over the centre of Australia and starts to cook and these westerly winds come along and blast it over NSW, Queensland and northern parts of Victoria and South Australia.”
Often, on the coast, winds coming in from the sea would be moderating the heat’s worst excesses but this summer the westerlies are winning.
“What it boils down to is a summer of westerlies bringing in the desert air,” he said.
Torrential rain swelled rivers and washed away roads across the state. Last week, Perth recorded its second wettest day ever, with 114 millimetres of rain failing in 24-hours.
Ravensthorpe, in WA’s south, experienced its wettest February since 1955 and second wettest on record.
Yet, in January consecutive heatwaves saw Sydney sweat its way through its hottest summer in the city’s 158 year history — with 10 summer days over 35C.
***LINKS***
Link to article news.com.au - Cyclone brewing in Gulf of Carpentaria:
Link to article news.com.au - Caught in a battle between weather systems, Australia is in the midst of two very different summers:
Link to Video Bureau of Meteorology - Severe Weather Update: Developing tropical low in the Gulf of Carpentaria, 17 February 2017:
Unusual aberrations in our weather events, which still aren’t fully explained, are the culprit.
“It’s a summer of westerlies,” Dr Andrew Watkins, the Bureau of Meteorology’s Senior Climate Predictor told news.com.au.
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Mining companies in WA are once again competing for workers | 7.30
Recruitment specialists say mining companies, desperate for workers in remote areas, are again turning to FIFO workers from the eastern states, but are unlikely to pay the sky-high wages seen in the last big boom.
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